Fix segfault on missing provider_query_operation()

A provider without `provider_query_operation()` is admittedly quite
useless, yet technically the base provider functions are not mandatory
according to our documentation.
Reviewed-by: NTomas Mraz <tmraz@fedoraproject.org>
Reviewed-by: NPaul Dale <paul.dale@oracle.com>
(Merged from https://github.com/openssl/openssl/pull/13058)

crypto/provider_core.c

@@ -866,7 +866,8 @@ const OSSL_ALGORITHM *ossl_provider_query_operation(const OSSL_PROVIDER *prov,
                                                     int operation_id,
                                                     int *no_cache)
 {
-    return prov->query_operation(prov->provctx, operation_id, no_cache);
+    return prov->query_operation == NULL
+        ? NULL : prov->query_operation(prov->provctx, operation_id, no_cache);
 }
 
 int ossl_provider_set_operation_bit(OSSL_PROVIDER *provider, size_t bitnum)