bn_div.c

/* crypto/bn/bn_div.c */
/* Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * This package is an SSL implementation written
 * by Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com).
 * The implementation was written so as to conform with Netscapes SSL.
 * 
 * This library is free for commercial and non-commercial use as long as
 * the following conditions are aheared to.  The following conditions
 * apply to all code found in this distribution, be it the RC4, RSA,
 * lhash, DES, etc., code; not just the SSL code.  The SSL documentation
 * included with this distribution is covered by the same copyright terms
 * except that the holder is Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com).
 * 
 * Copyright remains Eric Young's, and as such any Copyright notices in
 * the code are not to be removed.
 * If this package is used in a product, Eric Young should be given attribution
 * as the author of the parts of the library used.
 * This can be in the form of a textual message at program startup or
 * in documentation (online or textual) provided with the package.
 * 
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
 *    must display the following acknowledgement:
 *    "This product includes cryptographic software written by
 *     Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com)"
 *    The word 'cryptographic' can be left out if the rouines from the library
 *    being used are not cryptographic related :-).
 * 4. If you include any Windows specific code (or a derivative thereof) from 
 *    the apps directory (application code) you must include an acknowledgement:
 *    "This product includes software written by Tim Hudson (tjh@cryptsoft.com)"
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY ERIC YOUNG ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 * 
 * The licence and distribution terms for any publically available version or
 * derivative of this code cannot be changed.  i.e. this code cannot simply be
 * copied and put under another distribution licence
 * [including the GNU Public Licence.]
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <openssl/bn.h>
#include "cryptlib.h"
#include "bn_lcl.h"


/* The old slow way */
#if 0
int BN_div(BIGNUM *dv, BIGNUM *rem, const BIGNUM *m, const BIGNUM *d,
	   BN_CTX *ctx)
	{
	int i,nm,nd;
	int ret = 0;
	BIGNUM *D;

	bn_check_top(m);
	bn_check_top(d);
	if (BN_is_zero(d))
		{
		BNerr(BN_F_BN_DIV,BN_R_DIV_BY_ZERO);
		return(0);
		}

	if (BN_ucmp(m,d) < 0)
		{
		if (rem != NULL)
			{ if (BN_copy(rem,m) == NULL) return(0); }
		if (dv != NULL) BN_zero(dv);
		return(1);
		}

	BN_CTX_start(ctx);
	D = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	if (dv == NULL) dv = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	if (rem == NULL) rem = BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	if (D == NULL || dv == NULL || rem == NULL)
		goto end;

	nd=BN_num_bits(d);
	nm=BN_num_bits(m);
	if (BN_copy(D,d) == NULL) goto end;
	if (BN_copy(rem,m) == NULL) goto end;

	/* The next 2 are needed so we can do a dv->d[0]|=1 later
	 * since BN_lshift1 will only work once there is a value :-) */
	BN_zero(dv);
	bn_wexpand(dv,1);
	dv->top=1;

	if (!BN_lshift(D,D,nm-nd)) goto end;
	for (i=nm-nd; i>=0; i--)
		{
		if (!BN_lshift1(dv,dv)) goto end;
		if (BN_ucmp(rem,D) >= 0)
			{
			dv->d[0]|=1;
			if (!BN_usub(rem,rem,D)) goto end;
			}
/* CAN IMPROVE (and have now :=) */
		if (!BN_rshift1(D,D)) goto end;
		}
	rem->neg=BN_is_zero(rem)?0:m->neg;
	dv->neg=m->neg^d->neg;
	ret = 1;
 end:
	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
	return(ret);
	}

#else

#if !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ASM) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_INLINE_ASM) \
    && !defined(PEDANTIC) && !defined(BN_DIV3W)
# if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__>=2
#  if defined(__i386) || defined (__i386__)
   /*
    * There were two reasons for implementing this template:
    * - GNU C generates a call to a function (__udivdi3 to be exact)
    *   in reply to ((((BN_ULLONG)n0)<<BN_BITS2)|n1)/d0 (I fail to
    *   understand why...);
    * - divl doesn't only calculate quotient, but also leaves
    *   remainder in %edx which we can definitely use here:-)
    *
    *					<appro@fy.chalmers.se>
    */
#  define bn_div_words(n0,n1,d0)		\
	({  asm volatile (			\
		"divl	%4"			\
		: "=a"(q), "=d"(rem)		\
		: "a"(n1), "d"(n0), "g"(d0)	\
		: "cc");			\
	    q;					\
	})
#  define REMAINDER_IS_ALREADY_CALCULATED
#  elif defined(__x86_64) && defined(SIXTY_FOUR_BIT_LONG)
   /*
    * Same story here, but it's 128-bit by 64-bit division. Wow!
    *					<appro@fy.chalmers.se>
    */
#  define bn_div_words(n0,n1,d0)		\
	({  asm volatile (			\
		"divq	%4"			\
		: "=a"(q), "=d"(rem)		\
		: "a"(n1), "d"(n0), "g"(d0)	\
		: "cc");			\
	    q;					\
	})
#  define REMAINDER_IS_ALREADY_CALCULATED
#  endif /* __<cpu> */
# endif /* __GNUC__ */
#endif /* OPENSSL_NO_ASM */


/* BN_div[_no_branch] computes  dv := num / divisor,  rounding towards
 * zero, and sets up rm  such that  dv*divisor + rm = num  holds.
 * Thus:
 *     dv->neg == num->neg ^ divisor->neg  (unless the result is zero)
 *     rm->neg == num->neg                 (unless the remainder is zero)
 * If 'dv' or 'rm' is NULL, the respective value is not returned.
 */
static int BN_div_no_branch(BIGNUM *dv, BIGNUM *rm, const BIGNUM *num,
        const BIGNUM *divisor, BN_CTX *ctx);
int BN_div(BIGNUM *dv, BIGNUM *rm, const BIGNUM *num, const BIGNUM *divisor,
	   BN_CTX *ctx)
	{
	int norm_shift,i;
	size_t loop;
	BIGNUM *tmp,wnum,*snum,*sdiv,*res;
	BN_ULONG *resp,*wnump;
	BN_ULONG d0,d1;
	size_t num_n,div_n;

	/* Invalid zero-padding would have particularly bad consequences
	 * in the case of 'num', so don't just rely on bn_check_top() for this one
	 * (bn_check_top() works only for BN_DEBUG builds) */
	if (num->top > 0 && num->d[num->top - 1] == 0)
		{
		BNerr(BN_F_BN_DIV,BN_R_NOT_INITIALIZED);
		return 0;
		}

	bn_check_top(num);

	if ((BN_get_flags(num, BN_FLG_CONSTTIME) != 0) || (BN_get_flags(divisor, BN_FLG_CONSTTIME) != 0))
		{
		return BN_div_no_branch(dv, rm, num, divisor, ctx);
		}

	bn_check_top(dv);
	bn_check_top(rm);
	/* bn_check_top(num); */ /* 'num' has been checked already */
	bn_check_top(divisor);

	if (BN_is_zero(divisor))
		{
		BNerr(BN_F_BN_DIV,BN_R_DIV_BY_ZERO);
		return(0);
		}

	if (BN_ucmp(num,divisor) < 0)
		{
		if (rm != NULL)
			{ if (BN_copy(rm,num) == NULL) return(0); }
		if (dv != NULL) BN_zero(dv);
		return(1);
		}

	BN_CTX_start(ctx);
	tmp=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	snum=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	sdiv=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	if (dv == NULL)
		res=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	else	res=dv;
	if (sdiv == NULL || res == NULL) goto err;

	/* First we normalise the numbers */
	norm_shift=BN_BITS2-((BN_num_bits(divisor))%BN_BITS2);
	if (!(BN_lshift(sdiv,divisor,norm_shift))) goto err;
	sdiv->neg=0;
	norm_shift+=BN_BITS2;
	if (!(BN_lshift(snum,num,norm_shift))) goto err;
	snum->neg=0;
	div_n=sdiv->top;
	num_n=snum->top;
	loop=num_n-div_n;
	/* Lets setup a 'window' into snum
	 * This is the part that corresponds to the current
	 * 'area' being divided */
	wnum.neg   = 0;
	wnum.d     = &(snum->d[loop]);
	wnum.top   = div_n;
	/* only needed when BN_ucmp messes up the values between top and max */
	wnum.dmax  = snum->dmax - loop; /* so we don't step out of bounds */

	/* Get the top 2 words of sdiv */
	/* div_n=sdiv->top; */
	d0=sdiv->d[div_n-1];
	d1=(div_n == 1)?0:sdiv->d[div_n-2];

	/* pointer to the 'top' of snum */
	wnump= &(snum->d[num_n-1]);

	/* Setup to 'res' */
	res->neg= (num->neg^divisor->neg);
	if (!bn_wexpand(res,(loop+1))) goto err;
	res->top=loop;
	resp= &(res->d[loop-1]);

	/* space for temp */
	if (!bn_wexpand(tmp, div_n+1)) goto err;

	if (BN_ucmp(&wnum,sdiv) >= 0)
		{
		/* If BN_DEBUG_RAND is defined BN_ucmp changes (via
		 * bn_pollute) the const bignum arguments =>
		 * clean the values between top and max again */
		bn_clear_top2max(&wnum);
		bn_sub_words(wnum.d, wnum.d, sdiv->d, div_n);
		*resp=1;
		}
	else
		res->top--;
	/* if res->top == 0 then clear the neg value otherwise decrease
	 * the resp pointer */
	if (res->top == 0)
		res->neg = 0;
	else
		resp--;

	for (i=0; i<loop-1; i++, wnump--, resp--)
		{
		BN_ULONG q,l0;
		/* the first part of the loop uses the top two words of
		 * snum and sdiv to calculate a BN_ULONG q such that
		 * | wnum - sdiv * q | < sdiv */
#if defined(BN_DIV3W) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ASM)
		BN_ULONG bn_div_3_words(BN_ULONG*,BN_ULONG,BN_ULONG);
		q=bn_div_3_words(wnump,d1,d0);
#else
		BN_ULONG n0,n1,rem=0;

		n0=wnump[0];
		n1=wnump[-1];
		if (n0 == d0)
			q=BN_MASK2;
		else 			/* n0 < d0 */
			{
#ifdef BN_LLONG
			BN_ULLONG t2;

#if defined(BN_LLONG) && defined(BN_DIV2W) && !defined(bn_div_words)
			q=(BN_ULONG)(((((BN_ULLONG)n0)<<BN_BITS2)|n1)/d0);
#else
			q=bn_div_words(n0,n1,d0);
#ifdef BN_DEBUG_LEVITTE
			fprintf(stderr,"DEBUG: bn_div_words(0x%08X,0x%08X,0x%08\
X) -> 0x%08X\n",
				n0, n1, d0, q);
#endif
#endif

#ifndef REMAINDER_IS_ALREADY_CALCULATED
			/*
			 * rem doesn't have to be BN_ULLONG. The least we
			 * know it's less that d0, isn't it?
			 */
			rem=(n1-q*d0)&BN_MASK2;
#endif
			t2=(BN_ULLONG)d1*q;

			for (;;)
				{
				if (t2 <= ((((BN_ULLONG)rem)<<BN_BITS2)|wnump[-2]))
					break;
				q--;
				rem += d0;
				if (rem < d0) break; /* don't let rem overflow */
				t2 -= d1;
				}
#else /* !BN_LLONG */
			BN_ULONG t2l,t2h;

			q=bn_div_words(n0,n1,d0);
#ifdef BN_DEBUG_LEVITTE
			fprintf(stderr,"DEBUG: bn_div_words(0x%08X,0x%08X,0x%08\
X) -> 0x%08X\n",
				n0, n1, d0, q);
#endif
#ifndef REMAINDER_IS_ALREADY_CALCULATED
			rem=(n1-q*d0)&BN_MASK2;
#endif

#if defined(BN_UMULT_LOHI)
			BN_UMULT_LOHI(t2l,t2h,d1,q);
#elif defined(BN_UMULT_HIGH)
			t2l = d1 * q;
			t2h = BN_UMULT_HIGH(d1,q);
#else
			{
			BN_ULONG ql, qh;
			t2l=LBITS(d1); t2h=HBITS(d1);
			ql =LBITS(q);  qh =HBITS(q);
			mul64(t2l,t2h,ql,qh); /* t2=(BN_ULLONG)d1*q; */
			}
#endif

			for (;;)
				{
				if ((t2h < rem) ||
					((t2h == rem) && (t2l <= wnump[-2])))
					break;
				q--;
				rem += d0;
				if (rem < d0) break; /* don't let rem overflow */
				if (t2l < d1) t2h--; t2l -= d1;
				}
#endif /* !BN_LLONG */
			}
#endif /* !BN_DIV3W */

		l0=bn_mul_words(tmp->d,sdiv->d,div_n,q);
		tmp->d[div_n]=l0;
		wnum.d--;
		/* ingore top values of the bignums just sub the two 
		 * BN_ULONG arrays with bn_sub_words */
		if (bn_sub_words(wnum.d, wnum.d, tmp->d, div_n+1))
			{
			/* Note: As we have considered only the leading
			 * two BN_ULONGs in the calculation of q, sdiv * q
			 * might be greater than wnum (but then (q-1) * sdiv
			 * is less or equal than wnum)
			 */
			q--;
			if (bn_add_words(wnum.d, wnum.d, sdiv->d, div_n))
				/* we can't have an overflow here (assuming
				 * that q != 0, but if q == 0 then tmp is
				 * zero anyway) */
				(*wnump)++;
			}
		/* store part of the result */
		*resp = q;
		}
	bn_correct_top(snum);
	if (rm != NULL)
		{
		/* Keep a copy of the neg flag in num because if rm==num
		 * BN_rshift() will overwrite it.
		 */
		int neg = num->neg;
		BN_rshift(rm,snum,norm_shift);
		if (!BN_is_zero(rm))
			rm->neg = neg;
		bn_check_top(rm);
		}
	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
	return(1);
err:
	bn_check_top(rm);
	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
	return(0);
	}


/* BN_div_no_branch is a special version of BN_div. It does not contain
 * branches that may leak sensitive information.
 */
static int BN_div_no_branch(BIGNUM *dv, BIGNUM *rm, const BIGNUM *num, 
	const BIGNUM *divisor, BN_CTX *ctx)
	{
	int norm_shift,i,loop;
	BIGNUM *tmp,wnum,*snum,*sdiv,*res;
	BN_ULONG *resp,*wnump;
	BN_ULONG d0,d1;
	size_t num_n,div_n;

	bn_check_top(dv);
	bn_check_top(rm);
	/* bn_check_top(num); */ /* 'num' has been checked in BN_div() */
	bn_check_top(divisor);

	if (BN_is_zero(divisor))
		{
		BNerr(BN_F_BN_DIV_NO_BRANCH,BN_R_DIV_BY_ZERO);
		return(0);
		}

	BN_CTX_start(ctx);
	tmp=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	snum=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	sdiv=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	if (dv == NULL)
		res=BN_CTX_get(ctx);
	else	res=dv;
	if (sdiv == NULL || res == NULL) goto err;

	/* First we normalise the numbers */
	norm_shift=BN_BITS2-((BN_num_bits(divisor))%BN_BITS2);
	if (!(BN_lshift(sdiv,divisor,norm_shift))) goto err;
	sdiv->neg=0;
	norm_shift+=BN_BITS2;
	if (!(BN_lshift(snum,num,norm_shift))) goto err;
	snum->neg=0;

	/* Since we don't know whether snum is larger than sdiv,
	 * we pad snum with enough zeroes without changing its
	 * value. 
	 */
	if (snum->top <= sdiv->top+1) 
		{
		if (bn_wexpand(snum, sdiv->top + 2) == NULL) goto err;
		for (i = snum->top; i < sdiv->top + 2; i++) snum->d[i] = 0;
		snum->top = sdiv->top + 2;
		}
	else
		{
		if (bn_wexpand(snum, snum->top + 1) == NULL) goto err;
		snum->d[snum->top] = 0;
		snum->top ++;
		}

	div_n=sdiv->top;
	num_n=snum->top;
	loop=num_n-div_n;
	/* Lets setup a 'window' into snum
	 * This is the part that corresponds to the current
	 * 'area' being divided */
	wnum.neg   = 0;
	wnum.d     = &(snum->d[loop]);
	wnum.top   = div_n;
	/* only needed when BN_ucmp messes up the values between top and max */
	wnum.dmax  = snum->dmax - loop; /* so we don't step out of bounds */

	/* Get the top 2 words of sdiv */
	/* div_n=sdiv->top; */
	d0=sdiv->d[div_n-1];
	d1=(div_n == 1)?0:sdiv->d[div_n-2];

	/* pointer to the 'top' of snum */
	wnump= &(snum->d[num_n-1]);

	/* Setup to 'res' */
	res->neg= (num->neg^divisor->neg);
	if (!bn_wexpand(res,loop+1U)) goto err;
	res->top=loop-1;
	resp= &(res->d[loop-1]);

	/* space for temp */
	if (!bn_wexpand(tmp,div_n+1U)) goto err;

	/* if res->top == 0 then clear the neg value otherwise decrease
	 * the resp pointer */
	if (res->top == 0)
		res->neg = 0;
	else
		resp--;

	for (i=0; i<loop-1; i++, wnump--, resp--)
		{
		BN_ULONG q,l0;
		/* the first part of the loop uses the top two words of
		 * snum and sdiv to calculate a BN_ULONG q such that
		 * | wnum - sdiv * q | < sdiv */
#if defined(BN_DIV3W) && !defined(OPENSSL_NO_ASM)
		BN_ULONG bn_div_3_words(BN_ULONG*,BN_ULONG,BN_ULONG);
		q=bn_div_3_words(wnump,d1,d0);
#else
		BN_ULONG n0,n1,rem=0;

		n0=wnump[0];
		n1=wnump[-1];
		if (n0 == d0)
			q=BN_MASK2;
		else 			/* n0 < d0 */
			{
#ifdef BN_LLONG
			BN_ULLONG t2;

#if defined(BN_LLONG) && defined(BN_DIV2W) && !defined(bn_div_words)
			q=(BN_ULONG)(((((BN_ULLONG)n0)<<BN_BITS2)|n1)/d0);
#else
			q=bn_div_words(n0,n1,d0);
#ifdef BN_DEBUG_LEVITTE
			fprintf(stderr,"DEBUG: bn_div_words(0x%08X,0x%08X,0x%08\
X) -> 0x%08X\n",
				n0, n1, d0, q);
#endif
#endif

#ifndef REMAINDER_IS_ALREADY_CALCULATED
			/*
			 * rem doesn't have to be BN_ULLONG. The least we
			 * know it's less that d0, isn't it?
			 */
			rem=(n1-q*d0)&BN_MASK2;
#endif
			t2=(BN_ULLONG)d1*q;

			for (;;)
				{
				if (t2 <= ((((BN_ULLONG)rem)<<BN_BITS2)|wnump[-2]))
					break;
				q--;
				rem += d0;
				if (rem < d0) break; /* don't let rem overflow */
				t2 -= d1;
				}
#else /* !BN_LLONG */
			BN_ULONG t2l,t2h;

			q=bn_div_words(n0,n1,d0);
#ifdef BN_DEBUG_LEVITTE
			fprintf(stderr,"DEBUG: bn_div_words(0x%08X,0x%08X,0x%08\
X) -> 0x%08X\n",
				n0, n1, d0, q);
#endif
#ifndef REMAINDER_IS_ALREADY_CALCULATED
			rem=(n1-q*d0)&BN_MASK2;
#endif

#if defined(BN_UMULT_LOHI)
			BN_UMULT_LOHI(t2l,t2h,d1,q);
#elif defined(BN_UMULT_HIGH)
			t2l = d1 * q;
			t2h = BN_UMULT_HIGH(d1,q);
#else
			{
			BN_ULONG ql, qh;
			t2l=LBITS(d1); t2h=HBITS(d1);
			ql =LBITS(q);  qh =HBITS(q);
			mul64(t2l,t2h,ql,qh); /* t2=(BN_ULLONG)d1*q; */
			}
#endif

			for (;;)
				{
				if ((t2h < rem) ||
					((t2h == rem) && (t2l <= wnump[-2])))
					break;
				q--;
				rem += d0;
				if (rem < d0) break; /* don't let rem overflow */
				if (t2l < d1) t2h--; t2l -= d1;
				}
#endif /* !BN_LLONG */
			}
#endif /* !BN_DIV3W */

		l0=bn_mul_words(tmp->d,sdiv->d,div_n,q);
		tmp->d[div_n]=l0;
		wnum.d--;
		/* ingore top values of the bignums just sub the two 
		 * BN_ULONG arrays with bn_sub_words */
		if (bn_sub_words(wnum.d, wnum.d, tmp->d, div_n+1))
			{
			/* Note: As we have considered only the leading
			 * two BN_ULONGs in the calculation of q, sdiv * q
			 * might be greater than wnum (but then (q-1) * sdiv
			 * is less or equal than wnum)
			 */
			q--;
			if (bn_add_words(wnum.d, wnum.d, sdiv->d, div_n))
				/* we can't have an overflow here (assuming
				 * that q != 0, but if q == 0 then tmp is
				 * zero anyway) */
				(*wnump)++;
			}
		/* store part of the result */
		*resp = q;
		}
	bn_correct_top(snum);
	if (rm != NULL)
		{
		/* Keep a copy of the neg flag in num because if rm==num
		 * BN_rshift() will overwrite it.
		 */
		int neg = num->neg;
		BN_rshift(rm,snum,norm_shift);
		if (!BN_is_zero(rm))
			rm->neg = neg;
		bn_check_top(rm);
		}
	bn_correct_top(res);
	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
	return(1);
err:
	bn_check_top(rm);
	BN_CTX_end(ctx);
	return(0);
	}

#endif