Adding in the evaluate postfix notation using Stack (#2598)

* Create evaluate_postfix_notations.py

Adding in the evaluate postfix notation using Stacks
one of the common use with simple stack question
creating a new file for the data structure of stacks

* Create evaluate_postfix_notations.py

Adding in the evaluate postfix notation using Stacks
one of the common use with simple stack question
creating a new file for the data structure of stacks

* Delete evaluate_postfix_notations.py

* Evaluate postfix expression stack clean approach

Sending in the PR again as the Previous request failed in pre commit

* Update evaluate_postfix_notations.py

* Update evaluate_postfix_notations.py

Made changes as per the required for fixing the failing pre-commits.

* Update evaluate_postfix_notations.py

Made changes as suggested by @cclauss

* Update evaluate_postfix_notations.py

fixed pre-commit fails

* Update evaluate_postfix_notations.py

fixing pre-commit fails

* Update evaluate_postfix_notations.py

Deleted trailing white spaces causing pre-commits to fail

* Update data_structures/stacks/evaluate_postfix_notations.py
Co-authored-by: NChristian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

* Update data_structures/stacks/evaluate_postfix_notations.py
Co-authored-by: NChristian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>
Co-authored-by: NChristian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>

data_structures/stacks/evaluate_postfix_notations.py

+"""
+The Reverse Polish Nation also known as Polish postfix notation
+or simply postfix notation.
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_Polish_notation
+Classic examples of simple stack implementations
+Valid operators are +, -, *, /.
+Each operand may be an integer or another expression.
+"""
+
+
+def evaluate_postfix(postfix_notation: list) -> int:
+    """
+    >>> evaluate_postfix(["2", "1", "+", "3", "*"])
+    9
+    >>> evaluate_postfix(["4", "13", "5", "/", "+"])
+    6
+    >>> evaluate_postfix([])
+    0
+    """
+    if not postfix_notation:
+        return 0
+
+    operations = {"+", "-", "*", "/"}
+    stack = []
+
+    for token in postfix_notation:
+        if token in operations:
+            b, a = stack.pop(), stack.pop()
+            if token == "+":
+                stack.append(a + b)
+            elif token == "-":
+                stack.append(a - b)
+            elif token == "*":
+                stack.append(a * b)
+            else:
+                if a * b < 0 and a % b != 0:
+                    stack.append(a // b + 1)
+                else:
+                    stack.append(a // b)
+        else:
+            stack.append(int(token))
+
+    return stack.pop()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()