search.py

#   Copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
from __future__ import print_function
import numpy as np
from ..fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper
from ..fluid.data_feeder import check_variable_and_dtype, check_type, check_dtype
from ..fluid import core, layers

# TODO: define searching & indexing functions of a tensor  
from ..fluid.layers import argmin  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import argsort  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import has_inf  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import has_nan  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ..fluid.layers import topk  #DEFINE_ALIAS

__all__ = [
    'argmax',
    'argmin',
    'argsort',
    'has_inf',
    'has_nan',
    #       'masked_select',
    'topk',
    'where',
    'index_select',
    'nonzero',
    'sort',
    'index_sample'
]

from paddle.common_ops_import import *


def argmax(input, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, keepdims=False, name=None):
    """
    This OP computes the indices of the max elements of the input tensor's
    element along the provided axis.

    Args:
        input(Variable): An input N-D Tensor with type float32, float64, int16,
            int32, int64, uint8.
        axis(int, optional): Axis to compute indices along. The effective range
            is [-R, R), where R is Rank(input). when axis<0, it works the same way
            as axis+R. Default is None, it will use the last dim to select indices of max value.
        dtype(np.dtype|core.VarDesc.VarType|str): Data type of the output tensor which can
                    be int32, int64. The default value is None, and it will
                    return the int64 indices.
        out(Variable, optional): Optional output which can be any created 
            Variable that meets the requirements to store the result of operation.
            if out is None, a new Varibale will be create to store the result. Defalut is None.
        keepdims(bool, optional): Keep the axis that do the select max.
        name(str, optional): The name of output variable, normally there is no need for user to set this this property. 
            Default value is None, the framework set the name of output variable.  


    Returns:
        Variable: A Tensor with data type int64.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

            import paddle
            import paddle.fluid as fluid
            import numpy as np

            in1 = np.array([[[5,8,9,5],
                            [0,0,1,7],
                            [6,9,2,4]],
                            [[5,2,4,2],
                            [4,7,7,9],
                            [1,7,0,6]]])
            with fluid.dygraph.guard():
                x = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(in1)
                out1 = paddle.argmax(input=x, axis=-1)
                out2 = paddle.argmax(input=x, axis=0)
                out3 = paddle.argmax(input=x, axis=1)
                out4 = paddle.argmax(input=x, axis=2)
                out5 = paddle.argmax(input=x, axis=2, keepdims=True)
                print(out1.numpy())
                # [[2 3 1]
                #  [0 3 1]]
                print(out2.numpy())
                # [[0 0 0 0]
                #  [1 1 1 1]
                #  [0 0 0 1]]
                print(out3.numpy())
                # [[2 2 0 1]
                #  [0 1 1 1]]
                print(out4.numpy())
                # [[2 3 1]
                #  [0 3 1]]
                print(out5.numpy())
                #array([[[2],
                #        [3],
                #        [1]],
                #       [[0],
                #        [3],
                #        [1]]])
    """
    helper = LayerHelper("arg_max", **locals())
    var_dtype = None
    attrs = {}
    if dtype is not None:
        check_dtype(dtype, 'create data type', ['int32', 'int64'], 'arg_max')
        var_dtype = convert_np_dtype_to_dtype_(dtype)
        attrs["dtype"] = var_dtype
    else:
        var_dtype = VarDesc.VarType.INT64
    if out is None:
        out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(var_dtype)
    if axis is None:
        axis = -1
    attrs['keepdims'] = keepdims
    attrs['axis'] = axis
    helper.append_op(
        type='arg_max',
        inputs={'X': input},
        outputs={'Out': [out]},
        attrs=attrs)
    out.stop_gradient = True
    return out


def index_select(input, index, dim=0):
    """
    Returns a new tensor which indexes the `input` tensor along dimension `dim` using 
    the entries in `index` which is a Tensor. The returned tensor has the same number 
    of dimensions as the original `input` tensor. The dim-th dimension has the same 
    size as the length of `index`; other dimensions have the same size as in the `input` tensor. 

    Args:
        input (Variable): The input tensor variable.
        index (Variable): The 1-D tensor containing the indices to index.
        dim (int): The dimension in which we index.

    Returns:
        Variable: A Tensor with same data type as `input`.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python
            import paddle
            import paddle.fluid as fluid
            import numpy as np

            data = np.array([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0],
                             [5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0],
                             [9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0]])
            data_index = np.array([0, 1, 1]).astype('int32')

            with fluid.dygraph.guard():
                x = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data)
                index = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data_index)
                out_z1 = paddle.index_select(x, index)
                print(out_z1.numpy())
                #[[1. 2. 3. 4.]
                # [5. 6. 7. 8.]
                # [5. 6. 7. 8.]]
                out_z2 = paddle.index_select(x, index, dim=1)
                print(out_z2.numpy())
                #[[ 1.  2.  2.]
                # [ 5.  6.  6.]
                # [ 9. 10. 10.]]
    """
    helper = LayerHelper("index_select", **locals())
    if in_dygraph_mode():
        return core.ops.index_select(input, index, 'dim', dim)

    check_variable_and_dtype(input, 'x',
                             ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'],
                             'paddle.tensor.search.index_sample')
    check_variable_and_dtype(index, 'index', ['int32', 'int64'],
                             'paddle.tensor.search.index_sample')

    out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(input.dtype)

    helper.append_op(
        type='index_select',
        inputs={'X': input,
                'Index': index},
        outputs={'Out': out},
        attrs={'dim': dim})
    return out


def nonzero(input, as_tuple=False):
    """
    Return a tensor containing the indices of all non-zero elements of the `input` 
    tensor. If as_tuple is True, return a tuple of 1-D tensors, one for each dimension 
    in `input`, each containing the indices (in that dimension) of all non-zero elements 
    of `input`. Given a n-Dimensional `input` tensor with shape [x_1, x_2, ..., x_n], If 
    as_tuple is False, we can get a output tensor with shape [z, n], where `z` is the 
    number of all non-zero elements in the `input` tensor. If as_tuple is True, we can get 
    a 1-D tensor tuple of length `n`, and the shape of each 1-D tensor is [z, 1].

    Args:
        inputs (Variable): The input tensor variable.
        as_tuple (bool): Return type, Tensor or tuple of Tensor.

    Returns:
        Variable. The data type is int64.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python
            import paddle
            import paddle.fluid as fluid
            import numpy as np

            data1 = np.array([[1.0, 0.0, 0.0],
                              [0.0, 2.0, 0.0],
                              [0.0, 0.0, 3.0]])
            data2 = np.array([0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 3.0])
            data3 = np.array([0.0, 0.0, 0.0])
            with fluid.dygraph.guard():
                x1 = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data1)
                x2 = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data2)
                x3 = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data3)
                out_z1 = paddle.nonzero(x1)
                print(out_z1.numpy())
                #[[0 0]
                # [1 1]
                # [2 2]]
                out_z1_tuple = paddle.nonzero(x1, as_tuple=True)
                for out in out_z1_tuple:
                    print(out.numpy())
                #[[0]
                # [1]
                # [2]]
                #[[0]
                # [1]
                # [2]]
                out_z2 = paddle.nonzero(x2)
                print(out_z2.numpy())
                #[[1]
                # [3]]
                out_z2_tuple = paddle.nonzero(x2, as_tuple=True)
                for out in out_z2_tuple:
                    print(out.numpy())
                #[[1]
                # [3]]
                out_z3 = paddle.nonzero(x3)
                print(out_z3.numpy())
                #[]
                out_z3_tuple = paddle.nonzero(x3, as_tuple=True)
                for out in out_z3_tuple:
                    print(out.numpy())
                #[]                    
    """
    list_out = []
    shape = input.shape
    rank = len(shape)

    if in_dygraph_mode():
        outs = core.ops.where_index(input)
    else:
        outs = layers.where(input)

    if not as_tuple:
        return outs
    elif rank == 1:
        return tuple([outs])
    else:
        for i in range(rank):
            list_out.append(
                layers.slice(
                    outs, axes=[rank - 1], starts=[i], ends=[i + 1]))
        return tuple(list_out)


def sort(input, axis=-1, descending=False, out=None, name=None):
    """
    This OP sorts the input along the given axis, and returns sorted output
    data Varibale and its corresponding index Variable with the same shape as
    :attr:`input`.

    **NOTICE**: The Variable in the output of this OP has gradient. You could\
        set Variable :attr:`stop_gradient`.
    Args:
        input(Variable): An input N-D Tensor with type float32, float64, int16,
            int32, int64, uint8.
        axis(int, optional): Axis to compute indices along. The effective range
            is [-R, R), where R is Rank(x). when axis<0, it works the same way
            as axis+R. Default is 0.
        descending(bool, optional) : Descending is a flag, if set to true,
            algorithm will sort by descending order, else sort by
            ascending order. Default is false.
        out(Variable, optional): The default value is None. Optional output 
            which can be any created Variable that meets the requirements to
            store the result of operation. if out is None, a new Varibale will
            be create to store the result.
        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no
            need for user to set this property. For more information, please
            refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.
    Returns:
        tuple: A tuple of sorted data Variable(with the same shape and data
        type as input) and the sorted indices(with the same shape as input's
        and with data type int64).
    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python
            import paddle
            import paddle.fluid as fluid
            import numpy as np
            in1 = np.array([[[5,8,9,5],
                            [0,0,1,7],
                            [6,9,2,4]],
                            [[5,2,4,2],
                            [4,7,7,9],
                            [1,7,0,6]]]).astype(np.float32)
            with fluid.dygraph.guard():
                x = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(in1)
                out1 = paddle.sort(input=x, axis=-1)
                out2 = paddle.sort(input=x, axis=0)
                out3 = paddle.sort(input=x, axis=1)
                print(out1[0].numpy())
                # [[[5. 5. 8. 9.]
                #   [0. 0. 1. 7.]
                #   [2. 4. 6. 9.]]
                #  [[2. 2. 4. 5.]
                #   [4. 7. 7. 9.]
                #   [0. 1. 6. 7.]]]
                print(out1[1].numpy())
                # [[[0 3 1 2]
                #   [0 1 2 3]
                #   [2 3 0 1]]
                #  [[1 3 2 0]
                #   [0 1 2 3]
                #   [2 0 3 1]]]
                print(out2[0].numpy())
                # [[[5. 2. 4. 2.]
                #   [0. 0. 1. 7.]
                #   [1. 7. 0. 4.]]
                #  [[5. 8. 9. 5.]
                #   [4. 7. 7. 9.]
                #   [6. 9. 2. 6.]]]
                print(out3[0].numpy())
                # [[[0. 0. 1. 4.]
                #   [5. 8. 2. 5.]
                #   [6. 9. 9. 7.]]
                #  [[1. 2. 0. 2.]
                #   [4. 7. 4. 6.]
                #   [5. 7. 7. 9.]]]
    """
    helper = LayerHelper("sort", **locals())
    if out is None:
        out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(
            dtype=input.dtype, stop_gradient=False)
    ids = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(
        VarDesc.VarType.INT64, stop_gradient=True)
    helper.append_op(
        type='argsort',
        inputs={'X': input},
        outputs={'Out': out,
                 'Indices': ids},
        attrs={'axis': axis,
               'descending': descending})
    return out, ids


def where(condition, x, y, name=None):
    """
    Return a tensor of elements selected from either $x$ or $y$, depending on $condition$.

    .. math::

      out_i =
      \\begin{cases}
      x_i, \quad  \\text{if}  \\ condition_i \\  is \\ True \\\\
      y_i, \quad  \\text{if}  \\ condition_i \\  is \\ False \\\\
      \\end{cases}


    Args:
        condition(Variable): The condition to choose x or y.
        x(Variable): x is a Tensor Variable with data type float32, float64, int32, int64.
        y(Variable): y is a Tensor Variable with data type float32, float64, int32, int64.

        name(str, optional): The default value is None. Normally there is no
            need for user to set this property. For more information, please
            refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
        Variable: A Tensor with the same data dype as x. 

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python

          import paddle
          import numpy as np
          import paddle.fluid as fluid

          x_i = np.array([0.9383, 0.1983, 3.2, 1.2]).astype("float32")
          y_i = np.array([1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]).astype("float32")

          with fluid.dygraph.guard():
              x = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(x_i)
              y = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(y_i)
              out = paddle.where(x>1, x, y)

          print(out.numpy())
          #out: [1.0, 1.0, 3.2, 1.2]
    """
    if not in_dygraph_mode():
        check_variable_and_dtype(condition, 'condition', ['bool'], 'where')
        check_variable_and_dtype(
            x, 'x', ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'], 'where')
        check_variable_and_dtype(
            y, 'y', ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'], 'where')

    x_shape = list(x.shape)
    y_shape = list(y.shape)
    if x_shape == y_shape:
        if in_dygraph_mode():
            return core.ops.where(condition, x, y)
        else:
            helper = LayerHelper("where", **locals())
            out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=x.dtype)

            helper.append_op(
                type='where',
                inputs={'Condition': condition,
                        'X': x,
                        'Y': y},
                outputs={'Out': [out]})
            return out
    else:
        cond_int = layers.cast(condition, x.dtype)
        cond_not_int = layers.cast(layers.logical_not(condition), x.dtype)
        out1 = layers.elementwise_mul(x, cond_int)
        out2 = layers.elementwise_mul(y, cond_not_int)
        out = layers.elementwise_add(out1, out2)
        return out


def index_sample(x, index):
    """
    **IndexSample Layer**

    IndexSample OP returns the element of the specified location of X, 
    and the location is specified by Index. 

    .. code-block:: text


                Given:

                X = [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
                     [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]]

                Index = [[0, 1, 3],
                         [0, 2, 4]]

                Then:

                Out = [[1, 2, 4],
                       [6, 8, 10]]

    Args:
        x (Variable): The source input tensor with 2-D shape. Supported data type is 
            int32, int64, float32, float64.
        index (Variable): The index input tensor with 2-D shape, first dimension should be same with X. 
            Data type is int32 or int64.

    Returns:
        output (Variable): The output is a tensor with the same shape as index.

    Examples:

        .. code-block:: python

            import paddle
            import paddle.fluid as fluid
            import numpy as np

            data = np.array([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0],
                                [5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0],
                                [9.0, 10.0, 11.0, 12.0]]).astype('float32')

            data_index = np.array([[0, 1, 2],
                                    [1, 2, 3],
                                    [0, 0, 0]]).astype('int32')

            target_data = np.array([[100, 200, 300, 400],
                                    [500, 600, 700, 800],
                                    [900, 1000, 1100, 1200]]).astype('int32')

            with fluid.dygraph.guard():
                x = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data)
                index = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(data_index)
                target = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(target_data)

                out_z1 = paddle.index_sample(x, index)
                print(out_z1.numpy())
                #[[1. 2. 3.]
                # [6. 7. 8.]
                # [9. 9. 9.]]

                # Use the index of the maximum value by topk op
                # get the value of the element of the corresponding index in other tensors
                top_value, top_index = fluid.layers.topk(x, k=2)
                out_z2 = paddle.index_sample(target, top_index)
                print(top_value.numpy())
                #[[ 4.  3.]
                # [ 8.  7.]
                # [12. 11.]]

                print(top_index.numpy())
                #[[3 2]
                # [3 2]
                # [3 2]]

                print(out_z2.numpy())
                #[[ 400  300]
                # [ 800  700]
                # [1200 1100]]


    """
    helper = LayerHelper("index_sample", **locals())
    check_variable_and_dtype(x, 'x', ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'],
                             'paddle.tensor.search.index_sample')
    check_variable_and_dtype(index, 'index', ['int32', 'int64'],
                             'paddle.tensor.search.index_sample')
    out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=x.dtype)

    helper.append_op(
        type='index_sample',
        inputs={'X': x,
                'Index': index},
        outputs={'Out': out})
    return out