nmi_int.c

/**
 * @file nmi_int.c
 *
 * @remark Copyright 2002-2009 OProfile authors
 * @remark Read the file COPYING
 *
 * @author John Levon <levon@movementarian.org>
 * @author Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
 * @author Barry Kasindorf <barry.kasindorf@amd.com>
 * @author Jason Yeh <jason.yeh@amd.com>
 * @author Suravee Suthikulpanit <suravee.suthikulpanit@amd.com>
 */

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/smp.h>
#include <linux/oprofile.h>
#include <linux/syscore_ops.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/kdebug.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <asm/nmi.h>
#include <asm/msr.h>
#include <asm/apic.h>

#include "op_counter.h"
#include "op_x86_model.h"

static struct op_x86_model_spec *model;
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct op_msrs, cpu_msrs);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, saved_lvtpc);

/* must be protected with get_online_cpus()/put_online_cpus(): */
static int nmi_enabled;
static int ctr_running;

struct op_counter_config counter_config[OP_MAX_COUNTER];

/* common functions */

u64 op_x86_get_ctrl(struct op_x86_model_spec const *model,
		    struct op_counter_config *counter_config)
{
	u64 val = 0;
	u16 event = (u16)counter_config->event;

	val |= ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_INT;
	val |= counter_config->user ? ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_USR : 0;
	val |= counter_config->kernel ? ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_OS : 0;
	val |= (counter_config->unit_mask & 0xFF) << 8;
	counter_config->extra &= (ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_INV |
				  ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_EDGE |
				  ARCH_PERFMON_EVENTSEL_CMASK);
	val |= counter_config->extra;
	event &= model->event_mask ? model->event_mask : 0xFF;
	val |= event & 0xFF;
	val |= (u64)(event & 0x0F00) << 24;

	return val;
}


static int profile_exceptions_notify(unsigned int val, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
	if (ctr_running)
		model->check_ctrs(regs, this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_msrs));
	else if (!nmi_enabled)
		return NMI_DONE;
	else
		model->stop(this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_msrs));
	return NMI_HANDLED;
}

static void nmi_cpu_save_registers(struct op_msrs *msrs)
{
	struct op_msr *counters = msrs->counters;
	struct op_msr *controls = msrs->controls;
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_counters; ++i) {
		if (counters[i].addr)
			rdmsrl(counters[i].addr, counters[i].saved);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_controls; ++i) {
		if (controls[i].addr)
			rdmsrl(controls[i].addr, controls[i].saved);
	}
}

static void nmi_cpu_start(void *dummy)
{
	struct op_msrs const *msrs = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_msrs);
	if (!msrs->controls)
		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
	else
		model->start(msrs);
}

static int nmi_start(void)
{
	get_online_cpus();
	ctr_running = 1;
	/* make ctr_running visible to the nmi handler: */
	smp_mb();
	on_each_cpu(nmi_cpu_start, NULL, 1);
	put_online_cpus();
	return 0;
}

static void nmi_cpu_stop(void *dummy)
{
	struct op_msrs const *msrs = this_cpu_ptr(&cpu_msrs);
	if (!msrs->controls)
		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
	else
		model->stop(msrs);
}

static void nmi_stop(void)
{
	get_online_cpus();
	on_each_cpu(nmi_cpu_stop, NULL, 1);
	ctr_running = 0;
	put_online_cpus();
}

#ifdef CONFIG_OPROFILE_EVENT_MULTIPLEX

static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, switch_index);

static inline int has_mux(void)
{
	return !!model->switch_ctrl;
}

inline int op_x86_phys_to_virt(int phys)
{
	return __this_cpu_read(switch_index) + phys;
}

inline int op_x86_virt_to_phys(int virt)
{
	return virt % model->num_counters;
}

static void nmi_shutdown_mux(void)
{
	int i;

	if (!has_mux())
		return;

	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
		kfree(per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).multiplex);
		per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).multiplex = NULL;
		per_cpu(switch_index, i) = 0;
	}
}

static int nmi_setup_mux(void)
{
	size_t multiplex_size =
		sizeof(struct op_msr) * model->num_virt_counters;
	int i;

	if (!has_mux())
		return 1;

	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
		per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).multiplex =
			kzalloc(multiplex_size, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).multiplex)
			return 0;
	}

	return 1;
}

static void nmi_cpu_setup_mux(int cpu, struct op_msrs const * const msrs)
{
	int i;
	struct op_msr *multiplex = msrs->multiplex;

	if (!has_mux())
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_virt_counters; ++i) {
		if (counter_config[i].enabled) {
			multiplex[i].saved = -(u64)counter_config[i].count;
		} else {
			multiplex[i].saved = 0;
		}
	}

	per_cpu(switch_index, cpu) = 0;
}

static void nmi_cpu_save_mpx_registers(struct op_msrs *msrs)
{
	struct op_msr *counters = msrs->counters;
	struct op_msr *multiplex = msrs->multiplex;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_counters; ++i) {
		int virt = op_x86_phys_to_virt(i);
		if (counters[i].addr)
			rdmsrl(counters[i].addr, multiplex[virt].saved);
	}
}

static void nmi_cpu_restore_mpx_registers(struct op_msrs *msrs)
{
	struct op_msr *counters = msrs->counters;
	struct op_msr *multiplex = msrs->multiplex;
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_counters; ++i) {
		int virt = op_x86_phys_to_virt(i);
		if (counters[i].addr)
			wrmsrl(counters[i].addr, multiplex[virt].saved);
	}
}

static void nmi_cpu_switch(void *dummy)
{
	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
	int si = per_cpu(switch_index, cpu);
	struct op_msrs *msrs = &per_cpu(cpu_msrs, cpu);

	nmi_cpu_stop(NULL);
	nmi_cpu_save_mpx_registers(msrs);

	/* move to next set */
	si += model->num_counters;
	if ((si >= model->num_virt_counters) || (counter_config[si].count == 0))
		per_cpu(switch_index, cpu) = 0;
	else
		per_cpu(switch_index, cpu) = si;

	model->switch_ctrl(model, msrs);
	nmi_cpu_restore_mpx_registers(msrs);

	nmi_cpu_start(NULL);
}


/*
 * Quick check to see if multiplexing is necessary.
 * The check should be sufficient since counters are used
 * in ordre.
 */
static int nmi_multiplex_on(void)
{
	return counter_config[model->num_counters].count ? 0 : -EINVAL;
}

static int nmi_switch_event(void)
{
	if (!has_mux())
		return -ENOSYS;		/* not implemented */
	if (nmi_multiplex_on() < 0)
		return -EINVAL;		/* not necessary */

	get_online_cpus();
	if (ctr_running)
		on_each_cpu(nmi_cpu_switch, NULL, 1);
	put_online_cpus();

	return 0;
}

static inline void mux_init(struct oprofile_operations *ops)
{
	if (has_mux())
		ops->switch_events = nmi_switch_event;
}

static void mux_clone(int cpu)
{
	if (!has_mux())
		return;

	memcpy(per_cpu(cpu_msrs, cpu).multiplex,
	       per_cpu(cpu_msrs, 0).multiplex,
	       sizeof(struct op_msr) * model->num_virt_counters);
}

#else

inline int op_x86_phys_to_virt(int phys) { return phys; }
inline int op_x86_virt_to_phys(int virt) { return virt; }
static inline void nmi_shutdown_mux(void) { }
static inline int nmi_setup_mux(void) { return 1; }
static inline void
nmi_cpu_setup_mux(int cpu, struct op_msrs const * const msrs) { }
static inline void mux_init(struct oprofile_operations *ops) { }
static void mux_clone(int cpu) { }

#endif

static void free_msrs(void)
{
	int i;
	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
		kfree(per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).counters);
		per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).counters = NULL;
		kfree(per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).controls);
		per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).controls = NULL;
	}
	nmi_shutdown_mux();
}

static int allocate_msrs(void)
{
	size_t controls_size = sizeof(struct op_msr) * model->num_controls;
	size_t counters_size = sizeof(struct op_msr) * model->num_counters;

	int i;
	for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
		per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).counters = kzalloc(counters_size,
							GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).counters)
			goto fail;
		per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).controls = kzalloc(controls_size,
							GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!per_cpu(cpu_msrs, i).controls)
			goto fail;
	}

	if (!nmi_setup_mux())
		goto fail;

	return 1;

fail:
	free_msrs();
	return 0;
}

static void nmi_cpu_setup(void)
{
	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
	struct op_msrs *msrs = &per_cpu(cpu_msrs, cpu);

	nmi_cpu_save_registers(msrs);
	raw_spin_lock(&oprofilefs_lock);
	model->setup_ctrs(model, msrs);
	nmi_cpu_setup_mux(cpu, msrs);
	raw_spin_unlock(&oprofilefs_lock);
	per_cpu(saved_lvtpc, cpu) = apic_read(APIC_LVTPC);
	apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, APIC_DM_NMI);
}

static void nmi_cpu_restore_registers(struct op_msrs *msrs)
{
	struct op_msr *counters = msrs->counters;
	struct op_msr *controls = msrs->controls;
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_controls; ++i) {
		if (controls[i].addr)
			wrmsrl(controls[i].addr, controls[i].saved);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_counters; ++i) {
		if (counters[i].addr)
			wrmsrl(counters[i].addr, counters[i].saved);
	}
}

static void nmi_cpu_shutdown(void)
{
	unsigned int v;
	int cpu = smp_processor_id();
	struct op_msrs *msrs = &per_cpu(cpu_msrs, cpu);

	/* restoring APIC_LVTPC can trigger an apic error because the delivery
	 * mode and vector nr combination can be illegal. That's by design: on
	 * power on apic lvt contain a zero vector nr which are legal only for
	 * NMI delivery mode. So inhibit apic err before restoring lvtpc
	 */
	v = apic_read(APIC_LVTERR);
	apic_write(APIC_LVTERR, v | APIC_LVT_MASKED);
	apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, per_cpu(saved_lvtpc, cpu));
	apic_write(APIC_LVTERR, v);
	nmi_cpu_restore_registers(msrs);
}

static int nmi_cpu_online(unsigned int cpu)
{
	local_irq_disable();
	if (nmi_enabled)
		nmi_cpu_setup();
	if (ctr_running)
		nmi_cpu_start(NULL);
	local_irq_enable();
	return 0;
}

static int nmi_cpu_down_prep(unsigned int cpu)
{
	local_irq_disable();
	if (ctr_running)
		nmi_cpu_stop(NULL);
	if (nmi_enabled)
		nmi_cpu_shutdown();
	local_irq_enable();
	return 0;
}

static int nmi_create_files(struct dentry *root)
{
	unsigned int i;

	for (i = 0; i < model->num_virt_counters; ++i) {
		struct dentry *dir;
		char buf[4];

		/* quick little hack to _not_ expose a counter if it is not
		 * available for use.  This should protect userspace app.
		 * NOTE:  assumes 1:1 mapping here (that counters are organized
		 *        sequentially in their struct assignment).
		 */
		if (!avail_to_resrv_perfctr_nmi_bit(op_x86_virt_to_phys(i)))
			continue;

		snprintf(buf,  sizeof(buf), "%d", i);
		dir = oprofilefs_mkdir(root, buf);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "enabled", &counter_config[i].enabled);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "event", &counter_config[i].event);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "count", &counter_config[i].count);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "unit_mask", &counter_config[i].unit_mask);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "kernel", &counter_config[i].kernel);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "user", &counter_config[i].user);
		oprofilefs_create_ulong(dir, "extra", &counter_config[i].extra);
	}

	return 0;
}

static enum cpuhp_state cpuhp_nmi_online;

static int nmi_setup(void)
{
	int err = 0;
	int cpu;

	if (!allocate_msrs())
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* We need to serialize save and setup for HT because the subset
	 * of msrs are distinct for save and setup operations
	 */

	/* Assume saved/restored counters are the same on all CPUs */
	err = model->fill_in_addresses(&per_cpu(cpu_msrs, 0));
	if (err)
		goto fail;

	for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
		if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_SMP) || !cpu)
			continue;

		memcpy(per_cpu(cpu_msrs, cpu).counters,
		       per_cpu(cpu_msrs, 0).counters,
		       sizeof(struct op_msr) * model->num_counters);

		memcpy(per_cpu(cpu_msrs, cpu).controls,
		       per_cpu(cpu_msrs, 0).controls,
		       sizeof(struct op_msr) * model->num_controls);

		mux_clone(cpu);
	}

	nmi_enabled = 0;
	ctr_running = 0;
	/* make variables visible to the nmi handler: */
	smp_mb();
	err = register_nmi_handler(NMI_LOCAL, profile_exceptions_notify,
					0, "oprofile");
	if (err)
		goto fail;

	nmi_enabled = 1;
	/* make nmi_enabled visible to the nmi handler: */
	smp_mb();
	err = cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN, "x86/oprofile:online",
				nmi_cpu_online, nmi_cpu_down_prep);
	if (err < 0)
		goto fail_nmi;
	cpuhp_nmi_online = err;
	return 0;
fail_nmi:
	unregister_nmi_handler(NMI_LOCAL, "oprofile");
fail:
	free_msrs();
	return err;
}

static void nmi_shutdown(void)
{
	struct op_msrs *msrs;

	cpuhp_remove_state(cpuhp_nmi_online);
	nmi_enabled = 0;
	ctr_running = 0;

	/* make variables visible to the nmi handler: */
	smp_mb();
	unregister_nmi_handler(NMI_LOCAL, "oprofile");
	msrs = &get_cpu_var(cpu_msrs);
	model->shutdown(msrs);
	free_msrs();
	put_cpu_var(cpu_msrs);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PM

static int nmi_suspend(void)
{
	/* Only one CPU left, just stop that one */
	if (nmi_enabled == 1)
		nmi_cpu_stop(NULL);
	return 0;
}

static void nmi_resume(void)
{
	if (nmi_enabled == 1)
		nmi_cpu_start(NULL);
}

static struct syscore_ops oprofile_syscore_ops = {
	.resume		= nmi_resume,
	.suspend	= nmi_suspend,
};

static void __init init_suspend_resume(void)
{
	register_syscore_ops(&oprofile_syscore_ops);
}

static void exit_suspend_resume(void)
{
	unregister_syscore_ops(&oprofile_syscore_ops);
}

#else

static inline void init_suspend_resume(void) { }
static inline void exit_suspend_resume(void) { }

#endif /* CONFIG_PM */

static int __init p4_init(char **cpu_type)
{
	__u8 cpu_model = boot_cpu_data.x86_model;

	if (cpu_model > 6 || cpu_model == 5)
		return 0;

#ifndef CONFIG_SMP
	*cpu_type = "i386/p4";
	model = &op_p4_spec;
	return 1;
#else
	switch (smp_num_siblings) {
	case 1:
		*cpu_type = "i386/p4";
		model = &op_p4_spec;
		return 1;

	case 2:
		*cpu_type = "i386/p4-ht";
		model = &op_p4_ht2_spec;
		return 1;
	}
#endif

	printk(KERN_INFO "oprofile: P4 HyperThreading detected with > 2 threads\n");
	printk(KERN_INFO "oprofile: Reverting to timer mode.\n");
	return 0;
}

enum __force_cpu_type {
	reserved = 0,		/* do not force */
	timer,
	arch_perfmon,
};

static int force_cpu_type;

static int set_cpu_type(const char *str, const struct kernel_param *kp)
{
	if (!strcmp(str, "timer")) {
		force_cpu_type = timer;
		printk(KERN_INFO "oprofile: forcing NMI timer mode\n");
	} else if (!strcmp(str, "arch_perfmon")) {
		force_cpu_type = arch_perfmon;
		printk(KERN_INFO "oprofile: forcing architectural perfmon\n");
	} else {
		force_cpu_type = 0;
	}

	return 0;
}
module_param_call(cpu_type, set_cpu_type, NULL, NULL, 0);

static int __init ppro_init(char **cpu_type)
{
	__u8 cpu_model = boot_cpu_data.x86_model;
	struct op_x86_model_spec *spec = &op_ppro_spec;	/* default */

	if (force_cpu_type == arch_perfmon && boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ARCH_PERFMON))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * Documentation on identifying Intel processors by CPU family
	 * and model can be found in the Intel Software Developer's
	 * Manuals (SDM):
	 *
	 *  http://www.intel.com/products/processor/manuals/
	 *
	 * As of May 2010 the documentation for this was in the:
	 * "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's
	 * Manual Volume 3B: System Programming Guide", "Table B-1
	 * CPUID Signature Values of DisplayFamily_DisplayModel".
	 */
	switch (cpu_model) {
	case 0 ... 2:
		*cpu_type = "i386/ppro";
		break;
	case 3 ... 5:
		*cpu_type = "i386/pii";
		break;
	case 6 ... 8:
	case 10 ... 11:
		*cpu_type = "i386/piii";
		break;
	case 9:
	case 13:
		*cpu_type = "i386/p6_mobile";
		break;
	case 14:
		*cpu_type = "i386/core";
		break;
	case 0x0f:
	case 0x16:
	case 0x17:
	case 0x1d:
		*cpu_type = "i386/core_2";
		break;
	case 0x1a:
	case 0x1e:
	case 0x2e:
		spec = &op_arch_perfmon_spec;
		*cpu_type = "i386/core_i7";
		break;
	case 0x1c:
		*cpu_type = "i386/atom";
		break;
	default:
		/* Unknown */
		return 0;
	}

	model = spec;
	return 1;
}

int __init op_nmi_init(struct oprofile_operations *ops)
{
	__u8 vendor = boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor;
	__u8 family = boot_cpu_data.x86;
	char *cpu_type = NULL;
	int ret = 0;

	if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_APIC))
		return -ENODEV;

	if (force_cpu_type == timer)
		return -ENODEV;

	switch (vendor) {
	case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
		/* Needs to be at least an Athlon (or hammer in 32bit mode) */

		switch (family) {
		case 6:
			cpu_type = "i386/athlon";
			break;
		case 0xf:
			/*
			 * Actually it could be i386/hammer too, but
			 * give user space an consistent name.
			 */
			cpu_type = "x86-64/hammer";
			break;
		case 0x10:
			cpu_type = "x86-64/family10";
			break;
		case 0x11:
			cpu_type = "x86-64/family11h";
			break;
		case 0x12:
			cpu_type = "x86-64/family12h";
			break;
		case 0x14:
			cpu_type = "x86-64/family14h";
			break;
		case 0x15:
			cpu_type = "x86-64/family15h";
			break;
		default:
			return -ENODEV;
		}
		model = &op_amd_spec;
		break;

	case X86_VENDOR_INTEL:
		switch (family) {
			/* Pentium IV */
		case 0xf:
			p4_init(&cpu_type);
			break;

			/* A P6-class processor */
		case 6:
			ppro_init(&cpu_type);
			break;

		default:
			break;
		}

		if (cpu_type)
			break;

		if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_ARCH_PERFMON))
			return -ENODEV;

		/* use arch perfmon as fallback */
		cpu_type = "i386/arch_perfmon";
		model = &op_arch_perfmon_spec;
		break;

	default:
		return -ENODEV;
	}

	/* default values, can be overwritten by model */
	ops->create_files	= nmi_create_files;
	ops->setup		= nmi_setup;
	ops->shutdown		= nmi_shutdown;
	ops->start		= nmi_start;
	ops->stop		= nmi_stop;
	ops->cpu_type		= cpu_type;

	if (model->init)
		ret = model->init(ops);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (!model->num_virt_counters)
		model->num_virt_counters = model->num_counters;

	mux_init(ops);

	init_suspend_resume();

	printk(KERN_INFO "oprofile: using NMI interrupt.\n");
	return 0;
}

void op_nmi_exit(void)
{
	exit_suspend_resume();
}