inference_transpiler.py

#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import numpy as np
from .. import core
from ..framework import Program
from ..executor import global_scope


class InferenceTranspiler(object):
    '''
    Convert the fluid program to optimized inference program. 
    
    There are several optimizations, only fuse batch normalization is supported now.

    Examples:
   
    .. code-block:: python

        # As InferenceTranspiler will modify the original program,
        # please clone before use it.
        inference_transpiler_program = program.clone()
        t = fluid.InferenceTranspiler()
        t.transpile(inference_transpiler_program, place)
    '''

    def transpile(self, program, place, scope=None):
        '''
        Run the transpiler.

        Args:
            program (Program): program to transpile
            place (Place): inference place
            scope (Scope|None): inference Scope
        '''
        if not isinstance(program, Program):
            raise TypeError("program should be as Program type")
        if not isinstance(place, core.CPUPlace) and not isinstance(
                place, core.CUDAPlace):
            raise TypeError("place should be as CPUPlace/CUDAPlace type")
        if scope is None:
            scope = global_scope()
        if not isinstance(scope, core.Scope):
            raise TypeError("scope should be as Scope type or None")
        self.fuse_batch_norm(program, place, scope)

    def fuse_batch_norm(self, program, place, scope):
        '''
        Transpile the program by fused batch normalization.
 
        The batch normalization followed the convolution or fully connected layer 
        can be integrated with them. Doing so will give us a forward acceleration, 
        especially in environments like mobile or embedded.
                    
        For input :math:`X`:

        - Conv process:        :math:`X = input * W + bias` 
        - Batch norm process:  :math:`X' = (X - mean) / std` 
        - Scale Process:       :math:`Y = a * X' + b`

        After fuse into one operation:

        .. math::

            Y &= (input * W + bias - mean) / std * a + b \\\\
              &= input * a * W / std + ((bias - mean) / std * a + b)

        The operator transformation is: 

        - before:

          - conv->batch_norm->any_other_op (bias == 0)
          - conv->elementwise_add->batch_norm->any_other_op (bias != 0)
            
        - after: 

          - conv->elementwise_add->any_other_op
        
        The transpile stages are:

        1. insert elementwise_add op when bias == 0.
        2. fuse the batch_norm's parameters to conv and elementwise_add operators.
        3. remove batch_norm ops which are not used in any other ops.
        4. adjust the input of any_other_op to be the output of elementwise_add operator.
        5. remove unused variables.

        Args:
            program (Program): program to transpile
            place (Place): inference place
            scope (Scope): inference Scope
        
        '''
        self.scope = scope
        self.place = place
        self.block = program.block(0)
        self.input_map = {}  # store the input names should be adjusted 

        i = 0
        while i < len(self.block.ops):
            current_op = self.block.ops[i]
            # TODO(luotao1): consider only conv2d now. fc would be delt later.
            if current_op.type in ['conv2d']:
                # TODO(luotao1): consider single chain network now. 
                # For branch network, we counldn't use block.ops[i + 1] as 
                # the judgment condition.
                next_op = self.block.ops[i + 1]
                # conv2d without bias
                if (next_op.type == 'batch_norm'):
                    # insert bias op
                    bias_op = self._insert_bias_op(i + 1, current_op, next_op)
                    # fuse batch_norm
                    self._fuse_param(current_op, next_op, bias_op, 0)
                    # remove batch_norm_op
                    self.block.remove_op(i + 2)
                    i = i + 1
                # conv2d with bias, the next_op.type is elementwise_add
                elif (next_op.type == 'elementwise_add'):
                    next_next_op = self.block.ops[i + 2]
                    if (next_next_op.type == 'batch_norm'):
                        # fuse batch_norm
                        self._fuse_param(current_op, next_next_op, next_op, 1)
                        # remove batch_norm_op
                        self.block.remove_op(i + 2)
                        i = i + 1
            i = i + 1

        self._adjust_input()
        self._remove_unused_var()
        # TODO(luotao): use clone() method to flush the program.desc in force, 
        # since some large program.desc will not be flushed immediately. 
        # And a better solution will be considered later.
        program = program.clone()

    # ====================== private transpiler functions =====================
    def _insert_bias_op(self, index, current_op, bn_op):
        '''
        Construct elementwise_add operator for adding bias 
        and insert it into program.
        
        :param index: insert location of bias_op
        :type index: Int
        :param current_op: current operator (conv or fc)
        :type current_op: Operator
        :param bn_op: batch norm operator
        :type bn_op: Operator
        :return: bias_op
        :rtype: Operator
        '''
        # The input of bias_op is current_op's output and Bias of bn_op
        # The output of bias_op is bn_op's output
        x_var = self.block.var(current_op.output("Output")[0])
        y_var = self.block.var(bn_op.input("Bias")[0])
        out_var = self.block.var(bn_op.output("Y")[0])

        bias_op = self.block.insert_op(
            index,
            type="elementwise_add",
            inputs={"X": x_var,
                    "Y": y_var},
            outputs={"Out": out_var},
            attrs={"axis": 1})  # dim_start=1
        return bias_op

    def _fuse_param(self, current_op, bn_op, bias_op, with_bias):
        '''
        fuse the batch_norm_op' parameters to current_op (conv or fc)
        
        :param current_op: current operator (conv or fc)
        :type current_op: Operator
        :param bn_op: batch norm operator
        :type bn_op: Operator
        :param bias_op: elementwise_add operator for adding bias
        :type bias_op: Operator
        :param with_bias: If current operator has bias, with_bias = 1; otherwise 0. 
        :type with_bias: Int
        '''

        def _update_param(op, old_param_name, new_param):
            # For the sake of remaining the original variables the same as before,
            # create new variables in scope to store the new parameters.
            old_param_name = old_param_name[0]
            old_var = self.block.vars[old_param_name]
            new_param_name = old_param_name + '_fuse_bn'
            new_var = self.block.create_parameter(
                name=new_param_name.encode('ascii'),
                type=old_var.type,
                dtype=old_var.dtype,
                shape=old_var.shape)
            op.rename_input(old_param_name, new_param_name)
            self.scope.var(new_param_name)

            tensor = self.scope.find_var(new_param_name).get_tensor()
            tensor.set(np.array(new_param), self.place)

        def _load_param(param_name):
            return np.array(self.scope.find_var(param_name[0]).get_tensor())

        bias_bn = _load_param(bn_op.input("Bias"))  #Bias
        scale_bn = _load_param(bn_op.input("Scale"))  #Scale
        mean_bn = _load_param(bn_op.input("Mean"))  #Mean
        var_bn = _load_param(bn_op.input("Variance"))  #Variance

        # TODO(luotao1): consider only conv2d now. fc would be delt later.
        current_param = _load_param(current_op.input("Filter"))
        std_bn = np.float32(np.sqrt(np.add(var_bn, 1e-5)))
        tmp = np.float32(np.divide(scale_bn, std_bn))

        # add bias of batch_norm_op to conv2d
        if with_bias:
            bias = _load_param(bias_op.input("Y"))
        else:
            bias = np.zeros(bias_bn.shape)
        bias = np.float32(
            np.add(np.multiply(np.subtract(bias, mean_bn), tmp), bias_bn))

        # re-compute weight of conv2d
        tmp = tmp.reshape(tmp.shape[0], -1)
        dst_param = current_param.reshape((tmp.shape[0], -1))
        dst_param = np.float32(np.multiply(dst_param, tmp))
        dst_param = dst_param.reshape(current_param.shape)

        # update parameters
        _update_param(current_op, current_op.input("Filter"), dst_param)
        _update_param(bias_op, bias_op.input("Y"), bias)

        # collect the renamed input
        self.input_map[bn_op.output("Y")[0]] = bias_op.output("Out")[0]

    def _adjust_input(self):
        for i in range(len(self.block.ops)):
            current_op = self.block.ops[i]
            for input_arg in current_op.input_arg_names:
                if input_arg in self.input_map:
                    current_op.rename_input(input_arg,
                                            self.input_map[input_arg])

    def _remove_unused_var(self):
        '''
        remove unused varibles in program
        '''
        args = []
        for i in range(len(self.block.ops)):
            current_op = self.block.ops[i]
            args += current_op.input_arg_names
            args += current_op.output_arg_names
        args = list(set(args))  # unique the input and output arguments

        for var in self.block.vars.keys():
            if var not in args:
                self.block.remove_var(var)