machine_translation.py

#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""seq2seq model for fluid."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function

import numpy as np
import argparse
import time
import distutils.util

import paddle.v2 as paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
import paddle.fluid.core as core
import paddle.fluid.framework as framework
from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
parser.add_argument(
    "--embedding_dim",
    type=int,
    default=512,
    help="The dimension of embedding table. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    "--encoder_size",
    type=int,
    default=512,
    help="The size of encoder bi-rnn unit. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    "--decoder_size",
    type=int,
    default=512,
    help="The size of decoder rnn unit. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    "--batch_size",
    type=int,
    default=16,
    help="The sequence number of a mini-batch data. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    '--skip_batch_num',
    type=int,
    default=5,
    help='The first num of minibatch num to skip, for better performance test')
parser.add_argument(
    '--iterations', type=int, default=80, help='The number of minibatches.')
parser.add_argument(
    "--dict_size",
    type=int,
    default=30000,
    help="The dictionary capacity. Dictionaries of source sequence and "
    "target dictionary have same capacity. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    "--pass_num",
    type=int,
    default=2,
    help="The pass number to train. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    "--learning_rate",
    type=float,
    default=0.0002,
    help="Learning rate used to train the model. (default: %(default)f)")
parser.add_argument(
    "--infer_only", action='store_true', help="If set, run forward only.")
parser.add_argument(
    "--beam_size",
    type=int,
    default=3,
    help="The width for beam searching. (default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    '--device',
    type=str,
    default='GPU',
    choices=['CPU', 'GPU'],
    help="The device type.")
parser.add_argument(
    "--max_length",
    type=int,
    default=250,
    help="The maximum length of sequence when doing generation. "
    "(default: %(default)d)")
parser.add_argument(
    '--with_test',
    action='store_true',
    help='If set, test the testset during training.')


def lstm_step(x_t, hidden_t_prev, cell_t_prev, size):
    def linear(inputs):
        return fluid.layers.fc(input=inputs, size=size, bias_attr=True)

    forget_gate = fluid.layers.sigmoid(x=linear([hidden_t_prev, x_t]))
    input_gate = fluid.layers.sigmoid(x=linear([hidden_t_prev, x_t]))
    output_gate = fluid.layers.sigmoid(x=linear([hidden_t_prev, x_t]))
    cell_tilde = fluid.layers.tanh(x=linear([hidden_t_prev, x_t]))

    cell_t = fluid.layers.sums(input=[
        fluid.layers.elementwise_mul(
            x=forget_gate, y=cell_t_prev), fluid.layers.elementwise_mul(
                x=input_gate, y=cell_tilde)
    ])

    hidden_t = fluid.layers.elementwise_mul(
        x=output_gate, y=fluid.layers.tanh(x=cell_t))

    return hidden_t, cell_t


def seq_to_seq_net(embedding_dim, encoder_size, decoder_size, source_dict_dim,
                   target_dict_dim, is_generating, beam_size, max_length):
    """Construct a seq2seq network."""

    def bi_lstm_encoder(input_seq, gate_size):
        # Linear transformation part for input gate, output gate, forget gate
        # and cell activation vectors need be done outside of dynamic_lstm.
        # So the output size is 4 times of gate_size.
        input_forward_proj = fluid.layers.fc(input=input_seq,
                                             size=gate_size * 4,
                                             act=None,
                                             bias_attr=False)
        forward, _ = fluid.layers.dynamic_lstm(
            input=input_forward_proj, size=gate_size * 4, use_peepholes=False)
        input_reversed_proj = fluid.layers.fc(input=input_seq,
                                              size=gate_size * 4,
                                              act=None,
                                              bias_attr=False)
        reversed, _ = fluid.layers.dynamic_lstm(
            input=input_reversed_proj,
            size=gate_size * 4,
            is_reverse=True,
            use_peepholes=False)
        return forward, reversed

    src_word_idx = fluid.layers.data(
        name='source_sequence', shape=[1], dtype='int64', lod_level=1)

    src_embedding = fluid.layers.embedding(
        input=src_word_idx,
        size=[source_dict_dim, embedding_dim],
        dtype='float32')

    src_forward, src_reversed = bi_lstm_encoder(
        input_seq=src_embedding, gate_size=encoder_size)

    encoded_vector = fluid.layers.concat(
        input=[src_forward, src_reversed], axis=1)

    encoded_proj = fluid.layers.fc(input=encoded_vector,
                                   size=decoder_size,
                                   bias_attr=False)

    backward_first = fluid.layers.sequence_pool(
        input=src_reversed, pool_type='first')

    decoder_boot = fluid.layers.fc(input=backward_first,
                                   size=decoder_size,
                                   bias_attr=False,
                                   act='tanh')

    def lstm_decoder_with_attention(target_embedding, encoder_vec, encoder_proj,
                                    decoder_boot, decoder_size):
        def simple_attention(encoder_vec, encoder_proj, decoder_state):
            decoder_state_proj = fluid.layers.fc(input=decoder_state,
                                                 size=decoder_size,
                                                 bias_attr=False)
            decoder_state_expand = fluid.layers.sequence_expand(
                x=decoder_state_proj, y=encoder_proj)
            concated = fluid.layers.concat(
                input=[encoder_proj, decoder_state_expand], axis=1)
            attention_weights = fluid.layers.fc(input=concated,
                                                size=1,
                                                act='tanh',
                                                bias_attr=False)
            attention_weights = fluid.layers.sequence_softmax(
                input=attention_weights)
            weigths_reshape = fluid.layers.reshape(
                x=attention_weights, shape=[-1])
            scaled = fluid.layers.elementwise_mul(
                x=encoder_vec, y=weigths_reshape, axis=0)
            context = fluid.layers.sequence_pool(input=scaled, pool_type='sum')
            return context

        rnn = fluid.layers.DynamicRNN()

        cell_init = fluid.layers.fill_constant_batch_size_like(
            input=decoder_boot,
            value=0.0,
            shape=[-1, decoder_size],
            dtype='float32')
        cell_init.stop_gradient = False

        with rnn.block():
            current_word = rnn.step_input(target_embedding)
            encoder_vec = rnn.static_input(encoder_vec)
            encoder_proj = rnn.static_input(encoder_proj)
            hidden_mem = rnn.memory(init=decoder_boot, need_reorder=True)
            cell_mem = rnn.memory(init=cell_init)
            context = simple_attention(encoder_vec, encoder_proj, hidden_mem)
            decoder_inputs = fluid.layers.concat(
                input=[context, current_word], axis=1)
            h, c = lstm_step(decoder_inputs, hidden_mem, cell_mem, decoder_size)
            rnn.update_memory(hidden_mem, h)
            rnn.update_memory(cell_mem, c)
            out = fluid.layers.fc(input=h,
                                  size=target_dict_dim,
                                  bias_attr=True,
                                  act='softmax')
            rnn.output(out)
        return rnn()

    if not is_generating:
        trg_word_idx = fluid.layers.data(
            name='target_sequence', shape=[1], dtype='int64', lod_level=1)

        trg_embedding = fluid.layers.embedding(
            input=trg_word_idx,
            size=[target_dict_dim, embedding_dim],
            dtype='float32')

        prediction = lstm_decoder_with_attention(trg_embedding, encoded_vector,
                                                 encoded_proj, decoder_boot,
                                                 decoder_size)
        label = fluid.layers.data(
            name='label_sequence', shape=[1], dtype='int64', lod_level=1)
        cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
        avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(x=cost)

        feeding_list = ["source_sequence", "target_sequence", "label_sequence"]

        return avg_cost, feeding_list


def to_lodtensor(data, place):
    seq_lens = [len(seq) for seq in data]
    cur_len = 0
    lod = [cur_len]
    for l in seq_lens:
        cur_len += l
        lod.append(cur_len)
    flattened_data = np.concatenate(data, axis=0).astype("int64")
    flattened_data = flattened_data.reshape([len(flattened_data), 1])
    lod_t = core.LoDTensor()
    lod_t.set(flattened_data, place)
    lod_t.set_lod([lod])
    return lod_t, lod[-1]


def lodtensor_to_ndarray(lod_tensor):
    dims = lod_tensor.get_dims()
    ndarray = np.zeros(shape=dims).astype('float32')
    for i in xrange(np.product(dims)):
        ndarray.ravel()[i] = lod_tensor.get_float_element(i)
    return ndarray


def train():
    avg_cost, feeding_list = seq_to_seq_net(
        args.embedding_dim,
        args.encoder_size,
        args.decoder_size,
        args.dict_size,
        args.dict_size,
        False,
        beam_size=args.beam_size,
        max_length=args.max_length)

    # clone from default main program
    inference_program = fluid.default_main_program().clone()

    optimizer = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=args.learning_rate)
    optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)

    fluid.memory_optimize(fluid.default_main_program())

    train_batch_generator = paddle.batch(
        paddle.reader.shuffle(
            paddle.dataset.wmt14.train(args.dict_size), buf_size=1000),
        batch_size=args.batch_size)

    test_batch_generator = paddle.batch(
        paddle.reader.shuffle(
            paddle.dataset.wmt14.test(args.dict_size), buf_size=1000),
        batch_size=args.batch_size)

    place = core.CPUPlace() if args.device == 'CPU' else core.CUDAPlace(0)
    exe = Executor(place)
    exe.run(framework.default_startup_program())

    def do_validation():
        total_loss = 0.0
        count = 0
        for batch_id, data in enumerate(test_batch_generator()):
            src_seq = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[0], data), place)[0]
            trg_seq = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[1], data), place)[0]
            lbl_seq = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[2], data), place)[0]

            fetch_outs = exe.run(inference_program,
                                 feed={
                                     feeding_list[0]: src_seq,
                                     feeding_list[1]: trg_seq,
                                     feeding_list[2]: lbl_seq
                                 },
                                 fetch_list=[avg_cost],
                                 return_numpy=False)

            total_loss += lodtensor_to_ndarray(fetch_outs[0])[0]
            count += 1

        return total_loss / count

    iters, num_samples, start_time = 0, 0, time.time()
    for pass_id in xrange(args.pass_num):
        train_accs = []
        train_losses = []
        for batch_id, data in enumerate(train_batch_generator()):
            if iters == args.skip_batch_num:
                start_time = time.time()
                num_samples = 0
            if iters == args.iterations:
                break
            src_seq, word_num = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[0], data), place)
            num_samples += word_num
            trg_seq, word_num = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[1], data), place)
            num_samples += word_num
            lbl_seq, _ = to_lodtensor(map(lambda x: x[2], data), place)

            fetch_outs = exe.run(framework.default_main_program(),
                                 feed={
                                     feeding_list[0]: src_seq,
                                     feeding_list[1]: trg_seq,
                                     feeding_list[2]: lbl_seq
                                 },
                                 fetch_list=[avg_cost])

            iters += 1
            loss = np.array(fetch_outs[0])
            print(
                "Pass = %d, Iter = %d, Loss = %f" % (pass_id, iters, loss)
            )  # The accuracy is the accumulation of batches, but not the current batch.

        train_elapsed = time.time() - start_time
        examples_per_sec = num_samples / train_elapsed
        print('\nTotal examples: %d, total time: %.5f, %.5f examples/sed\n' %
              (num_samples, train_elapsed, examples_per_sec))
        # evaluation
        if args.with_test:
            test_loss = do_validation()
        exit(0)


def infer():
    pass


def print_arguments(args):
    print('----------- seq2seq Configuration Arguments -----------')
    for arg, value in sorted(vars(args).iteritems()):
        print('%s: %s' % (arg, value))
    print('------------------------------------------------')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    args = parser.parse_args()
    print_arguments(args)
    if args.infer_only:
        infer()
    else:
        train()