system_allocator.cc

/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. */

#include "paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator.h"

#include <stdlib.h>    // for malloc and free
#include <sys/mman.h>  // for mlock and munlock
#include <algorithm>   // for std::max

#include "gflags/gflags.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/assert.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/enforce.h"
#include "paddle/fluid/platform/gpu_info.h"

// If use_pinned_memory is true, CPUAllocator calls mlock, which
// returns pinned and locked memory as staging areas for data exchange
// between host and device.  Allocates too much would reduce the amount
// of memory available to the system for paging.  So, by default, we
// should set false to use_pinned_memory.
DEFINE_bool(use_pinned_memory, true, "If set, allocate cpu pinned memory.");
DECLARE_double(fraction_of_gpu_memory_to_use);
namespace paddle {
namespace memory {
namespace detail {

void* CPUAllocator::Alloc(size_t* index, size_t size) {
  // According to http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/cstdlib/malloc/,
  // malloc might not return nullptr if size is zero, but the returned
  // pointer shall not be dereferenced -- so we make it nullptr.
  if (size <= 0) return nullptr;

  *index = 0;  // unlock memory

  void* p = nullptr;

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLDNN
  // refer to https://github.com/01org/mkl-dnn/blob/master/include/mkldnn.hpp
  // memory alignment
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(posix_memalign(&p, 4096ul, size), 0, "Alloc %ld error!",
                    size);
#else
  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(posix_memalign(&p, 32ul, size), 0, "Alloc %ld error!",
                    size);
#endif
  PADDLE_ENFORCE(p, "Fail to allocate CPU memory: size = %d .", size);

  if (p != nullptr) {
    if (FLAGS_use_pinned_memory) {
      *index = 1;
      mlock(p, size);  // lock memory
    }
  }

  return p;
}

void CPUAllocator::Free(void* p, size_t size, size_t index) {
  if (p != nullptr && index == 1) {
    munlock(p, size);
  }
  free(p);
}

bool CPUAllocator::UseGpu() const { return false; }

#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA

void* GPUAllocator::Alloc(size_t* index, size_t size) {
  // CUDA documentation doesn't explain if cudaMalloc returns nullptr
  // if size is 0.  We just make sure it does.
  if (size <= 0) return nullptr;
  void* p;
  int prev_id;
  cudaGetDevice(&prev_id);
  if (prev_id != gpu_id_) {
    cudaSetDevice(gpu_id_);
  }

  cudaError_t result = cudaMalloc(&p, size);

  if (prev_id != gpu_id_) {
    cudaSetDevice(prev_id);
  }

  if (result == cudaSuccess) {
    *index = 0;
    gpu_alloc_size_ += size;
    return p;
  } else {
    LOG(WARNING)
        << "Cannot malloc " << size / 1024.0 / 1024.0
        << " MB GPU memory. Please shrink FLAGS_fraction_of_gpu_memory_to_use "
           "environment variable to a lower value. Current value is "
        << FLAGS_fraction_of_gpu_memory_to_use;
    return nullptr;
  }
}

void GPUAllocator::Free(void* p, size_t size, size_t index) {
  cudaError_t err;

  if (index == 0) {
    PADDLE_ASSERT(gpu_alloc_size_ >= size);
    gpu_alloc_size_ -= size;
    err = cudaFree(p);
  } else {
    PADDLE_ASSERT(fallback_alloc_size_ >= size);
    fallback_alloc_size_ -= size;
    err = cudaFreeHost(p);
  }

  // Purposefully allow cudaErrorCudartUnloading, because
  // that is returned if you ever call cudaFree after the
  // driver has already shutdown. This happens only if the
  // process is terminating, in which case we don't care if
  // cudaFree succeeds.
  if (err != cudaErrorCudartUnloading) {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(err, "cudaFree{Host} failed in GPUAllocator::Free.");
  }
}

bool GPUAllocator::UseGpu() const { return true; }

// PINNED memory allows direct DMA transfers by the GPU to and from system
// memory. It’s locked to a physical address.
void* CUDAPinnedAllocator::Alloc(size_t* index, size_t size) {
  if (size <= 0) return nullptr;

  // NOTE: here, we use CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize as the maximum memory size
  // of host pinned allocation. Allocates too much would reduce
  // the amount of memory available to the underlying system for paging.
  size_t usable =
      paddle::platform::CUDAPinnedMaxAllocSize() - cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_;

  if (size > usable) {
    LOG(WARNING) << "Cannot malloc " << size / 1024.0 / 1024.0
                 << " MB pinned memory."
                 << ", available " << usable / 1024.0 / 1024.0 << " MB";
    return nullptr;
  }

  void* p;
  // PINNED memory is visible to all CUDA contexts.
  cudaError_t result = cudaMallocHost(&p, size);

  if (result == cudaSuccess) {
    *index = 1;  // PINNED memory
    cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ += size;
    return p;
  } else {
    LOG(WARNING) << "cudaMallocHost failed.";
    return nullptr;
  }

  return nullptr;
}

void CUDAPinnedAllocator::Free(void* p, size_t size, size_t index) {
  cudaError_t err;
  PADDLE_ASSERT(index == 1);

  PADDLE_ASSERT(cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ >= size);
  cuda_pinnd_alloc_size_ -= size;
  err = cudaFreeHost(p);

  // Purposefully allow cudaErrorCudartUnloading, because
  // that is returned if you ever call cudaFreeHost after the
  // driver has already shutdown. This happens only if the
  // process is terminating, in which case we don't care if
  // cudaFreeHost succeeds.
  if (err != cudaErrorCudartUnloading) {
    PADDLE_ENFORCE(err, "cudaFreeHost failed in GPUPinnedAllocator::Free.");
  }
}

bool CUDAPinnedAllocator::UseGpu() const { return false; }

#endif

}  // namespace detail
}  // namespace memory
}  // namespace paddle