loss.py

#   Copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# TODO: define loss functions of neural network  
import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
from ...fluid.framework import core, in_dygraph_mode
from ...fluid.layers.nn import _elementwise_op_in_dygraph
from ...fluid.layers import bpr_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import center_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import cross_entropy  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import dice_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import iou_similarity  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import kldiv_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import log_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import mse_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import npair_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import rank_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import reshape
from ...fluid.layers import sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import sigmoid_focal_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import smooth_l1  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import softmax_with_cross_entropy  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import square_error_cost  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import ssd_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import teacher_student_sigmoid_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS

from ...fluid.layers import edit_distance  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import huber_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import margin_rank_loss  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layers import sampled_softmax_with_cross_entropy  #DEFINE_ALIAS
from ...fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper
from ...fluid.framework import in_dygraph_mode
from ...fluid.framework import Variable

__all__ = [
    'bpr_loss',
    'center_loss',
    'cross_entropy',
    'dice_loss',
    'edit_distance',
    'huber_loss',
    'iou_similarity',
    'kldiv_loss',
    'l1_loss',
    'log_loss',
    'margin_rank_loss',
    'mse_loss',
    #       'nce',
    'nll_loss',
    'npair_loss',
    'rank_loss',
    'sampled_softmax_with_cross_entropy',
    'sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits',
    'sigmoid_focal_loss',
    'smooth_l1',
    'softmax_with_cross_entropy',
    'square_error_cost',
    'ssd_loss',
    'teacher_student_sigmoid_loss'
]


def l1_loss(x, label, reduction='mean', name=None):
    """
    This operator computes the L1 Loss of Tensor ``x`` and ``label`` as follows.

    If :attr:`reduction` set to ``'none'``, the loss is:

    .. math::
        Out = \lvert x - label\rvert

    If :attr:`reduction` set to ``'mean'``, the loss is:

    .. math::
        Out = MEAN(\lvert x - label\rvert)

    If :attr:`reduction` set to ``'sum'``, the loss is:

    .. math::
        Out = SUM(\lvert x - label\rvert)

    
    Parameters:
        x (Tensor): The input tensor. The shapes is [N, *], where N is batch size and `*` means any number of additional dimensions. It's data type should be float32, float64, int32, int64.
        label (Tensor): label. The shapes is [N, *], same shape as ``x`` . It's data type should be float32, float64, int32, int64.
        reduction (str, optional): Indicate the reduction to apply to the loss, 
            the candicates are ``'none'`` | ``'mean'`` | ``'sum'``.
            If :attr:`reduction` is ``'none'``, the unreduced loss is returned; 
            If :attr:`reduction` is ``'mean'``, the reduced mean loss is returned. 
            If :attr:`reduction` is ``'sum'``, the reduced sum loss is returned. 
            Default is ``'mean'``.
        name (str, optional): Name for the operation (optional, default is None). For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.
    Returns:
        Tensor, the L1 Loss of Tensor ``x`` and ``label``.
            If :attr:`reduction` is ``'none'``, the shape of output loss is [N, *], the same as ``x`` .
            If :attr:`reduction` is ``'mean'`` or ``'sum'``, the shape of output loss is [1], which means the output is a scalar.
    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python
            import paddle
            import numpy as np
            
            paddle.disable_static()
            x_data = np.array([[1.5, 0.8], [0.2, 1.3]]).astype("float32")
            label_data = np.array([[1.7, 1], [0.4, 0.5]]).astype("float32")
            x = paddle.to_variable(x_data)
            label = paddle.to_variable(label_data)

            l1_loss = paddle.nn.functional.l1_loss(x, label)
            print(l1_loss.numpy())  
            # [0.35]

            l1_loss = paddle.nn.functional.l1_loss(x, label, reduction='none')
            print(l1_loss.numpy())  
            # [[0.20000005 0.19999999]
            # [0.2        0.79999995]]

            l1_loss = paddle.nn.functional.l1_loss(x, label, reduction='sum')
            print(l1_loss.numpy())  
            # [1.4]
    """
    if reduction not in ['sum', 'mean', 'none']:
        raise ValueError(
            "The value of 'reduction' in L1Loss should be 'sum', 'mean' or 'none', but "
            "received %s, which is not allowed." % reduction)

    if in_dygraph_mode():
        unreduced = _elementwise_op_in_dygraph(
            x, label, axis=-1, act='abs', op_name='elementwise_sub')
        if reduction == 'mean':
            return core.ops.mean(unreduced)
        elif reduction == 'sum':
            return core.ops.reduce_sum(unreduced, 'dim', [0], 'keep_dim', False,
                                       'reduce_all', True)
        else:
            return unreduced

    fluid.data_feeder.check_variable_and_dtype(
        x, 'x', ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'], 'l1_loss')
    fluid.data_feeder.check_variable_and_dtype(
        label, 'label', ['float32', 'float64', 'int32', 'int64'], 'l1_loss')

    if reduction == 'sum':
        unreduced = paddle.elementwise_sub(x, label, act='abs')
        return paddle.sum(unreduced, name=name)
    elif reduction == 'mean':
        unreduced = paddle.elementwise_sub(x, label, act='abs')
        return paddle.mean(unreduced, name=name)
    else:
        return paddle.elementwise_sub(x, label, act='abs', name=name)


def nll_loss(input,
             label,
             weight=None,
             ignore_index=-100,
             reduction='mean',
             name=None):
    """
    This api returns negative log likelihood.
    See more detail in :ref:`api_nn_loss_NLLLoss` .

    Parameters:
         input (Tensor): Input tensor, the shape is :math:`[N, C]`, `C` is the number of classes.
             But in K-dimension situation, the shape is :math:`[N, C, d_1, d_2, ..., d_K]`.
             The data type is float32, float64.
         label (Tensor): Label tensor, the shape is :math:`[N,]` or :math:`[N, d_1, d_2, ..., d_K]`.
             The data type is int64.
         weight (Tensor, optional): Weight tensor, a manual rescaling weight given
             to each class. If given, it has to be a 1D Tensor whose size is `[C, ]`. Otherwise,
             it treated as if having all ones. the data type is
             float32, float64, Default is ``'None'``.
         ignore_index (int64, optional): Specifies a target value that is ignored
             and does not contribute to the input gradient.
         reduction (str, optional): Indicate how to average the loss,
             the candicates are ``'none'`` | ``'mean'`` | ``'sum'``.
             If `reduction` is ``'mean'``, the reduced mean loss is returned;
             if `reduction` is ``'sum'``, the reduced sum loss is returned;
             if `reduction` is ``'none'``, no reduction will be apllied.
             Default is ``'mean'``.
         name (str, optional): Name for the operation (optional, default is None).
             For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`.

    Returns:
         `Tensor`, the value of negative log likelihood loss.

    Examples:
        .. code-block:: python
                import paddle
                import numpy as np
                from paddle.nn.functional import nll_loss
                log_softmax = paddle.nn.LogSoftmax(axis=1)

                input_np = np.array([[0.88103855, 0.9908683 , 0.6226845 ],
                                     [0.53331435, 0.07999352, 0.8549948 ],
                                     [0.25879037, 0.39530203, 0.698465  ],
                                     [0.73427284, 0.63575995, 0.18827209],
                                     [0.05689114, 0.0862954 , 0.6325046 ]]).astype(np.float32)
                label_np = np.array([0, 2, 1, 1, 0]).astype(np.int64)

                place = paddle.CPUPlace()
                paddle.disable_static(place)
                input = paddle.to_variable(input_np)
                log_out = log_softmax(input)
                label = paddle.to_variable(label_np)
                result = nll_loss(log_out, label)
                print(result.numpy()) # [1.0720209]
    """
    if reduction not in ['sum', 'mean', 'none']:
        raise ValueError(
            "The value of 'reduction' in nll_loss should be 'sum', 'mean' or "
            "'none', but received %s, which is not allowed." % reduction)

    input_shape = list(input.shape)
    input_dims = len(input_shape)
    if input_dims < 2:
        raise ValueError('Expected 2 or more dimensions (got {})'.format(
            input_dims))
    n = input_shape[0]
    c = input_shape[1]
    if in_dygraph_mode():
        if input_dims != 2 and input_dims != 4:
            input, _ = core.ops.reshape2(input, 'shape', [n, c, 1, -1])
            label, _ = core.ops.reshape2(label, 'shape', [n, 1, -1])
            out_shape = [n] + input_shape[2:]
        out, total_weight = core.ops.nll_loss(input, label, weight,
                                              'ignore_index', ignore_index,
                                              'reduction', reduction)
        if input_dims != 2 and input_dims != 4 and reduction == 'none':
            out, _ = core.ops.reshape2(out, 'shape', out_shape)
        return out

    helper = LayerHelper('nll_loss', **locals())

    if input_dims != 2 and input_dims != 4:
        input = reshape(input, shape=[n, c, 1, -1])
        label = reshape(label, shape=[n, 1, -1])
        out_shape = [n] + input_shape[2:]

    fluid.data_feeder.check_variable_and_dtype(
        input, 'input', ['float32', 'float64'], 'nll_loss')
    fluid.data_feeder.check_variable_and_dtype(label, 'label', ['int64'],
                                               'nll_loss')
    inputs = {'X': input, 'Label': label}
    attrs = {'reduction': reduction, 'ignore_index': ignore_index}
    if weight is not None:
        if isinstance(weight, Variable):
            inputs['Weight'] = weight

    out = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=input.dtype)
    total_weight = helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(dtype=input.dtype)
    outputs = {'Out': out, 'Total_weight': total_weight}

    helper.append_op(
        type='nll_loss', inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs, attrs=attrs)
    if input_dims != 2 and input_dims != 4 and reduction == 'none':
        out = reshape(out, shape=out_shape)

    return out