diff --git a/libraries/chain/chain_controller.cpp b/libraries/chain/chain_controller.cpp
index 1c5c7dc4d10b36513000346cf7e6bfb9c7d66415..7c25066160d43045bf84a59aa00b3c7a8cec2aee 100644
--- a/libraries/chain/chain_controller.cpp
+++ b/libraries/chain/chain_controller.cpp
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ void chain_controller::process_message( const Transaction& trx, const Message& m
    apply_message(apply_ctx);
 
    for (const auto& recipient : message.recipients) {
-      if( recipient == message.code ) continue; /// we already ran it above
+      FC_ASSERT( recipient != message.code, "message::code handler is always called and shouldn't be included in recipient list" );
       try {
          apply_context recipient_ctx(*this,_db, trx, message, recipient);
          validate_message_precondition(recipient_ctx);
diff --git a/libraries/chain/include/eos/chain/message_handling_contexts.hpp b/libraries/chain/include/eos/chain/message_handling_contexts.hpp
index f5aad4b2d6fd16f914df161a5a2a88af7bb0ed5d..5cffdea7a2299d87f5140a33671ec18d72a0c683 100644
--- a/libraries/chain/include/eos/chain/message_handling_contexts.hpp
+++ b/libraries/chain/include/eos/chain/message_handling_contexts.hpp
@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ public:
    void require_authorization(const types::AccountName& account);
    void require_scope(const types::AccountName& account)const;
    void require_recipient(const types::AccountName& account)const;
+   bool has_recipient( const types::AccountName& account )const;
+   bool has_authorization( const types::AccountName& account )const;
    bool all_authorizations_used() const;
 
    const chain_controller&      controller;
diff --git a/libraries/chain/message_handling_contexts.cpp b/libraries/chain/message_handling_contexts.cpp
index 7ce12d23763db8c538a8db7bc651aefebe6e9d43..3bf70f3d94891327dcf0dc41728370118959a093 100644
--- a/libraries/chain/message_handling_contexts.cpp
+++ b/libraries/chain/message_handling_contexts.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,15 @@
 
 namespace eos { namespace chain {
 
+bool message_validate_context::has_authorization(const types::AccountName& account)const {
+
+   auto itr = boost::find_if(msg.authorization, [&account](const types::AccountPermission& ap) {
+      return ap.account == account;
+   });
+   return itr != msg.authorization.end();
+
+}
+
 void message_validate_context::require_authorization(const types::AccountName& account) {
 
    auto itr = boost::find_if(msg.authorization, [&account](const types::AccountPermission& ap) {
@@ -29,12 +38,19 @@ void message_validate_context::require_scope(const types::AccountName& account)c
               "Required scope ${scope} not declared by transaction", ("scope",account) );
 }
 
-void message_validate_context::require_recipient(const types::AccountName& account)const {
+bool message_validate_context::has_recipient( const types::AccountName& account )const {
+   if( msg.code == account ) return true;
+
    auto itr = boost::find_if(msg.recipients, [&account](const auto& recipient) {
       return recipient == account;
    });
 
-   EOS_ASSERT( itr != msg.recipients.end(), tx_missing_recipient,
+   return itr != msg.recipients.end();
+}
+
+void message_validate_context::require_recipient(const types::AccountName& account)const {
+
+   EOS_ASSERT( has_recipient( account ), tx_missing_recipient,
               "Required recipient ${recipient} not declared by message", ("recipient",account)("recipients",msg.recipients) );
 }
 
diff --git a/libraries/chain/wasm_interface.cpp b/libraries/chain/wasm_interface.cpp
index cffdc9277b0469bdc38d467890a1231e4c162233..2ab38787f702be607bb69ea055845956cf40e37a 100644
--- a/libraries/chain/wasm_interface.cpp
+++ b/libraries/chain/wasm_interface.cpp
@@ -149,6 +149,13 @@ DEFINE_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION1(env,requireNotice,requireNotice,none,i64,account) {
    wasm_interface::get().current_validate_context->require_recipient( account );
 }
 
+DEFINE_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION1(env,hasRecipient,hasRecipient,i32,i64,account) {
+   return wasm_interface::get().current_validate_context->has_recipient( account );
+}
+DEFINE_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION1(env,hasAuth,hasAuth,i32,i64,account) {
+   return wasm_interface::get().current_validate_context->has_authorization( account );
+}
+
 DEFINE_INTRINSIC_FUNCTION1(env,requireScope,requireScope,none,i64,scope) {
    wasm_interface::get().current_validate_context->require_scope( scope );
 }
diff --git a/libraries/types/include/eos/types/native.hpp b/libraries/types/include/eos/types/native.hpp
index 8f8f2599d832355e777968e93ef45dd379351225..152827e9e8fc018d73dde88fa5dc0c83d4397b45 100644
--- a/libraries/types/include/eos/types/native.hpp
+++ b/libraries/types/include/eos/types/native.hpp
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace eos { namespace types {
       if( c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' )
          return (c - 'a') + 1;
       if( c >= '1' && c <= '5' )
-         return (c - '1') + 26;
+         return (c - '1') + 27;
       return 0;
    }