From 979e197074afaa56c78a5efcb9dea32d5cc83612 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: kohsuke <kohsuke@71c3de6d-444a-0410-be80-ed276b4c234a>
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 2009 23:33:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] added a consistent hash implementation. I intend to integrate
 this into the scheduling algorithm

git-svn-id: https://hudson.dev.java.net/svn/hudson/trunk/hudson/main@17406 71c3de6d-444a-0410-be80-ed276b4c234a
---
 .../main/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHash.java | 265 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../java/hudson/util/ConsistentHashTest.java  | 101 +++++++
 2 files changed, 366 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 core/src/main/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHash.java
 create mode 100644 core/src/test/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHashTest.java

diff --git a/core/src/main/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHash.java b/core/src/main/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHash.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6c74a3e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/main/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHash.java
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2009, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package hudson.util;
+
+import com.trilead.ssh2.crypto.digest.MD5;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Collection;
+
+/**
+ * Consistent hash.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This implementation is concurrency safe; additions and removals are serialized, but look up
+ * can be performed concurrently even when modifications is in progress.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Since typical hash functions we use in {@link Object#hashCode()} isn't random enough to
+ * evenly populate the 2^32 ring space, we only ask the user to give us
+ * <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective_function">an injective function</a> to a string,
+ * and then we use MD5 to create random enough distribution.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * This consistent hash implementaiton is consistent both to the addition/removal of Ts, as well
+ * as increase/decrease of the replicas.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consistent_hashing for references, and
+ * http://weblogs.java.net/blog/tomwhite/archive/2007/11/consistent_hash.html is probably a reasonable depiction.
+ * If we trust his experiments, creating 100 replicas will reduce the stddev to 10% of the mean for 10 nodes.
+ *
+ * @author Kohsuke Kawaguchi
+ * @since 1.302
+ */
+public class ConsistentHash<T> {
+    /**
+     * All the items in the hash, to their replication factors.
+     */
+    private final Map<T,Point[]> items = new HashMap<T,Point[]>();
+
+    private final int defaultReplication;
+    private final Hash<T> hash;
+
+    /**
+     * Used for memoizing MD5 hashes.
+     */
+    private static final class Point implements Comparable<Point> {
+        final int hash;
+        final Object item;
+
+        private Point(int hash, Object item) {
+            this.hash = hash;
+            this.item = item;
+        }
+
+        public int compareTo(Point that) {
+            if(this.hash<that.hash) return -1;
+            if(this.hash==that.hash) return 0;
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Table that gets atomically replaced for concurrency safe operation.
+     */
+    private volatile Table table;
+
+    private final class Table {
+        private final int[] hash;
+        private final Object[] owner; // really T[]
+
+        private Table() {
+            // merge all points from all nodes and sort them into a single array
+            Point[] allPoints = new Point[countAllPoints()];
+            int p=0;
+            for (Point[] v : items.values()) {
+                System.arraycopy(v,0,allPoints,p,v.length);
+                p+=v.length;
+            }
+            Arrays.sort(allPoints);
+
+            hash = new int[allPoints.length];
+            owner = new Object[allPoints.length];
+
+            for (int i=0; i<allPoints.length; i++) {
+                Point pt = allPoints[i];
+                hash[i]=pt.hash;
+                owner[i]=pt.item;
+            }
+        }
+
+        T lookup(int queryPoint) {
+            int idx = Arrays.binarySearch(hash, queryPoint);
+            if(idx<0) {
+                idx = -idx-1; // idx is now 'insertion point'
+                idx %= hash.length; // make it a circle
+            }
+            return (T)owner[idx];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Hashes an object to some value.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * By default, {@link ConsistentHash} uses {@link Object#toString()} on 'T' to
+     * obtain the hash, but that behavior can be changed by providing
+     * a {@link Hash} implementation.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * This hash function need not produce a very uniform distribution, as the
+     * output is rehashed with MD5. But it does need to make sure it doesn't
+     * produce the same value for two different 'T's (and that's why this returns
+     * String, not the usual int.) 
+     */
+    public interface Hash<T> {
+        /**
+         * @param t
+         *      The object to be hashed. Never null.
+         * @return
+         *      The hash value.
+         */
+        String hash(T t);
+    }
+
+    private static final Hash DEFAULT_HASH = new Hash() {
+        public String hash(Object o) {
+            return o.toString();
+        }
+    };
+
+    public ConsistentHash() {
+        this(DEFAULT_HASH);
+    }
+
+    public ConsistentHash(int defaultReplication) {
+        this(DEFAULT_HASH,defaultReplication);
+    }
+
+    public ConsistentHash(Hash<T> hash) {
+        this(hash,100);
+    }
+
+    public ConsistentHash(Hash<T> hash, int defaultReplication) {
+        this.hash = hash;
+        this.defaultReplication = defaultReplication;
+    }
+
+    public int countAllPoints() {
+        int r=0;
+        for (Point[] v : items.values())
+            r+=v.length;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new node with the default number of replica.
+     */
+    public void add(T node) {
+        add(node,defaultReplication);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls {@link #add(Object)} with all the arguments.
+     */
+    public void addAll(T... nodes) {
+        for (T node : nodes)
+            add(node);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calls {@link #add(Object)} with all the arguments.
+     */
+    public void addAll(Collection<? extends T> nodes) {
+        for (T node : nodes)
+            add(node);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removes the node entirely. This is the same as {@code add(node,0)}
+     */
+    public void remove(T node) {
+        add(node,0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds a new node with the given number of replica.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * This is the only function that manipulates {@link #items}.
+     */
+    public synchronized void add(T node, int replica) {
+        if(replica==0) {
+            items.remove(node);
+        } else {
+            Point[] points = new Point[replica];
+            String seed = hash.hash(node);
+            for (int i=0; i<replica; i++)
+                points[i] = new Point(md5(seed+':'+i),node);
+            items.put(node,points);
+        }
+        table = new Table();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compresses a string into an integer with MD5.
+     */
+    private int md5(String s) {
+        MD5 md5 = new MD5();
+        md5.update(s.getBytes());
+        byte[] digest = new byte[16];
+        md5.digest(digest);
+
+        // 16 bytes -> 4 bytes
+        for (int i=0; i<4; i++)
+            digest[i] ^= digest[i+4]+digest[i+8]+digest[i+12];
+        return (b2i(digest[0])<< 24)|(b2i(digest[1])<<16)|(b2i(digest[2])<< 8)|b2i(digest[3]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * unsigned byte->int.
+     */
+    private int b2i(byte b) {
+        return ((int)b)&0xFF;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Looks up a consistent hash with the given data point.
+     *
+     * <p>
+     * The whole point of this class is that if the same query point is given,
+     * it's likely to return the same result even when other nodes are added/removed,
+     * or the # of replicas for the given node is changed.
+     */
+    public T lookup(int queryPoint) {
+        return table.lookup(queryPoint);
+    }
+
+    public T lookup(String queryPoint) {
+        return lookup(md5(queryPoint));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/core/src/test/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHashTest.java b/core/src/test/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHashTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9b037c6e8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/src/test/java/hudson/util/ConsistentHashTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+ * The MIT License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2004-2009, Sun Microsystems, Inc.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+ * THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+package hudson.util;
+
+import junit.framework.TestCase;
+
+import java.util.Random;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map.Entry;
+
+/**
+ * @author Kohsuke Kawaguchi
+ */
+public class ConsistentHashTest extends TestCase {
+    /**
+     * Just some random tests to ensure that we have no silly NPE or that kind of error.
+     */
+    public void testBasic() {
+        ConsistentHash<String> hash = new ConsistentHash<String>();
+        hash.add("data1");
+        hash.add("data2");
+        hash.add("data3");
+
+        System.out.println(hash.lookup(0));
+
+        // there's one in 2^32 chance that this test fails, but these two query points are
+        // only off by one.
+        String x = hash.lookup(Integer.MIN_VALUE);
+        String y = hash.lookup(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
+        assertEquals(x,y);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Uneven distribution should result in uneven mapping.
+     */
+    public void testUnevenDisribution() {
+        ConsistentHash<String> hash = new ConsistentHash<String>();
+        hash.add("even",10);
+        hash.add("odd",100);
+
+        Random r = new Random(0);
+        int even=0,odd=0;
+        for(int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
+            String v = hash.lookup(r.nextInt());
+            if(v.equals("even"))    even++;
+            else                    odd++;
+        }
+
+        // again, there's a small chance tha this test fails. 
+        System.out.printf("%d/%d\n",even,odd);
+        assertTrue(even*8<odd);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Removal shouldn't affect existing nodes
+     */
+    public void testRemoval() {
+        ConsistentHash<Integer> hash = new ConsistentHash<Integer>();
+        for( int i=0; i<10; i++ )
+            hash.add(i);
+
+        // what was the mapping before the mutation?
+        Map<Integer,Integer> before = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
+        Random r = new Random(0);
+        for(int i=0; i<1000; i++) {
+            int q = r.nextInt();
+            before.put(q,hash.lookup(q));
+        }
+
+        // remove a node
+        hash.remove(0);
+
+        // verify that the mapping remains consistent
+        for (Entry<Integer,Integer> e : before.entrySet()) {
+            int m = hash.lookup(e.getKey());
+            assertTrue(e.getValue()==0 || e.getValue()==m);
+        }
+    }
+}
-- 
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