diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/CMakeLists.txt b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/CMakeLists.txt
index f2e18a461fd221252e4a10262a13bc8e942f5988..4ca03c0c044e817e226764425ab736f5a10738bc 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ cc_library(analysis SRCS pass_manager.cc node.cc data_flow_graph.cc graph_traits
   analyzer.cc
   helper.cc
   # passes
+  analysis_pass.cc
   fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.cc
   data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.cc
   dfg_graphviz_draw_pass.cc
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.cc
similarity index 91%
rename from paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.cc
rename to paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.cc
index 121b72c0a0aa9a0c568b04f7ee9a5bc5c1d6f5f8..9be9f755b9ed7273d842f8c0e2046f0ca0ce2247 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.cc
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h
similarity index 59%
rename from paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h
rename to paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h
index 7719c6f5ff3c940948c7bdbcb25513cdf430281b..b6edb5529ace2ad5bd1b35bfbee1f7a744457cc3 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
 namespace analysis {
 
-class Pass {
+class AnalysisPass {
  public:
-  Pass() = default;
-  virtual ~Pass() = default;
+  AnalysisPass() = default;
+  virtual ~AnalysisPass() = default;
   // Mutable Pass.
   virtual bool Initialize(Argument *argument) { return false; }
   // Readonly Pass.
@@ -42,23 +42,16 @@ class Pass {
   virtual bool Finalize() { return false; }
 
   // Get a Pass appropriate to print the Node this pass operates on.
-  virtual Pass *CreatePrinterPass(std::ostream &os,
-                                  const std::string &banner) const {
+  virtual AnalysisPass *CreatePrinterPass(std::ostream &os,
+                                          const std::string &banner) const {
     return nullptr;
   }
 
   // Create a debugger Pass that draw the DFG by graphviz toolkit.
-  virtual Pass *CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const { return nullptr; }
+  virtual AnalysisPass *CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const { return nullptr; }
 
-  virtual void Run() { LOG(FATAL) << "not valid"; }
-  // Run on a single Node.
-  virtual void Run(Node *x) { LOG(FATAL) << "not valid"; }
-  // Run on a single Function.
-  virtual void Run(Function *x) { LOG(FATAL) << "not valid"; }
-  // Run on a single FunctionBlock.
-  virtual void Run(FunctionBlock *x) { LOG(FATAL) << "not valid"; }
   // Run on a single DataFlowGraph.
-  virtual void Run(DataFlowGraph *x) { LOG(FATAL) << "not valid"; }
+  virtual void Run(DataFlowGraph *x) = 0;
 
   // Human-readable short representation.
   virtual std::string repr() const = 0;
@@ -66,29 +59,8 @@ class Pass {
   virtual std::string description() const { return "No DOC"; }
 };
 
-// NodePass process on any Node types.
-class NodePass : public Pass {
- public:
-  virtual void Run(Node *node) = 0;
-};
-
-// NodePass process on any Function node types.
-class FunctionPass : public Pass {
- public:
-  virtual void Run(Function *node) = 0;
-};
-
-// NodePass process on any FunctionBlock node types.
-class FunctionBlockPass : public Pass {
- public:
-  virtual void Run(FunctionBlock *node) = 0;
-};
-
 // GraphPass processes on any GraphType.
-class DataFlowGraphPass : public Pass {
- public:
-  virtual void Run(DataFlowGraph *graph) = 0;
-};
+class DataFlowGraphPass : public AnalysisPass {};
 
 }  // namespace analysis
 }  // namespace inference
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.cc
index ca834406451d53fd44887300561a6327d97cafcd..65a3b84f6b02776e5421825c89380a24bd5f8567 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.cc
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.h"
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
+
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/dfg_graphviz_draw_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.h"
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ class DfgPassManagerImpl final : public DfgPassManager {
   std::string description() const override { return "DFG pass manager."; }
 
  private:
-  void AddPass(const std::string& name, Pass* pass) {
+  void AddPass(const std::string& name, AnalysisPass* pass) {
     VLOG(3) << "Adding pass " << name;
     Register(name, pass);
     AddGraphvizDebugerPass(pass);
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ class DfgPassManagerImpl final : public DfgPassManager {
   }
 
   // Add the graphviz debuger pass if the parent pass has one.
-  void AddGraphvizDebugerPass(Pass* pass) {
+  void AddGraphvizDebugerPass(AnalysisPass* pass) {
     auto* debuger_pass = pass->CreateGraphvizDebugerPass();
     if (debuger_pass) {
       Register(debuger_pass->repr(), debuger_pass);
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.h
index 3fdd2b9ec7537c891a04efb3ca9a1d45075ffa5e..abc3021e7ec3f0f970d786b782ad17510b8bdbd8 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analyzer.h
@@ -36,8 +36,11 @@ limitations under the License. */
  */
 
 #include <gflags/gflags.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/flags.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.cc
index 80c85555e722433f3657e880520b3fe459f6ce1a..8579845d51e80d73d220465d25b70944f5ad9bf2 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.cc
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ class DFG_DebuggerPass : public DFG_GraphvizDrawPass {
 };
 }  // namespace
 
-Pass *DataFlowGraphToFluidPass::CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const {
+AnalysisPass *DataFlowGraphToFluidPass::CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const {
   return new DFG_DebuggerPass(DFG_GraphvizDrawPass::Config(
       FLAGS_IA_graphviz_log_root,
       "data_flow_graph_to_fluid_graphviz_debugger"));
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.h
index 0c9a8a0b7cae17bf2eaa714348ea1c9b5e43611b..891c7226e245fa3b92892785362c186185a61f62 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph_to_fluid_pass.h
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 
 #include <string>
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class DataFlowGraphToFluidPass final : public DataFlowGraphPass {
     return "Transform a DFG to a Fluid ProgramDesc";
   }
 
-  Pass *CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const override;
+  AnalysisPass *CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const override;
 
  protected:
   // Add a Fluid Op into the ProgramDesc.
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/dfg_graphviz_draw_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/dfg_graphviz_draw_pass.h
index 17445ab4407a159ca11345bc9a9226b3ad0044f0..e537bfc0e64d4ff46b3d61499a1a0298ed83533f 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/dfg_graphviz_draw_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/dfg_graphviz_draw_pass.h
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 #include <fstream>
 #include <string>
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/dot.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.cc
index 51bd0ac42d455f68ac5d70f0ce9703dfad6070d4..2b7d632c839e735ca03c6e17b94307b40cc13374 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.cc
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ class DFG_DebuggerPass : public DFG_GraphvizDrawPass {
 };
 }
 
-Pass *FluidToDataFlowGraphPass::CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const {
+AnalysisPass *FluidToDataFlowGraphPass::CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const {
   return new DFG_DebuggerPass(DFG_GraphvizDrawPass::Config(
       FLAGS_IA_graphviz_log_root, "fluid-to-dfg-debuger"));
 }
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.h
index fb948bf2242abcbc1e841fd3b8457e63358782c5..b9e262020e9522e167b998d57e2be2ac19b48447 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_data_flow_graph_pass.h
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@
 #include <string>
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/data_flow_graph.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class FluidToDataFlowGraphPass final : public DataFlowGraphPass {
     return "transform a fluid ProgramDesc to a data flow graph.";
   }
 
-  Pass *CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const override;
+  AnalysisPass *CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const override;
 
  private:
   framework::proto::ProgramDesc const *desc_;
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_ir_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_ir_pass.h
index 3086085710d6e850ed27e82d2323690dfdd3ef19..c2599e218a2306f9353b843b7ea3f18aeacb008e 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_ir_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/fluid_to_ir_pass.h
@@ -14,15 +14,17 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/fuse_pass_base.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/flags.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/ir_pass_manager.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
 namespace analysis {
-using namespace framework;
 
 static const char kFluidToIrPassesAttr[] = "__fluid_to_ir_passes__";
 
@@ -48,7 +50,8 @@ class FluidToIrPass final : public DataFlowGraphPass {
     ANALYSIS_ARGUMENT_CHECK_FIELD(argument->fluid_model_program_path);
     // Load program.
     auto program = LoadProgramDesc(*argument->fluid_model_program_path);
-    argument->origin_program_desc.reset(new proto::ProgramDesc(program));
+    argument->origin_program_desc.reset(
+        new framework::proto::ProgramDesc(program));
     // Create main data flow graph.
     if (!argument->main_dfg) {
       argument->main_dfg.reset(new DataFlowGraph);
@@ -78,12 +81,13 @@ class FluidToIrPass final : public DataFlowGraphPass {
     IRPassManager ir_passes(argument_->Get<ProgramDesc>("ir_program_desc"),
                             nullptr);
     // Pass the scope from analysis to IR if needed.
-    if (argument_->Has(ir::kParamScopeAttr)) {
+    if (argument_->Has(framework::ir::kParamScopeAttr)) {
       // Here the address is passed, attention that IR doesn't own the scope, so
       // the real scope in analysis should live during the IR phase.
       ir_passes.graph().Set(
-          ir::kParamScopeAttr,
-          new Scope *(&argument_->Get<Scope>(ir::kParamScopeAttr)));
+          framework::ir::kParamScopeAttr,
+          new framework::Scope *(&argument_->Get<framework::Scope>(
+              framework::ir::kParamScopeAttr)));
     }
 
     if (FLAGS_IA_enable_ir) {
@@ -95,12 +99,12 @@ class FluidToIrPass final : public DataFlowGraphPass {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(argument_->main_dfg.get());
     argument_->main_dfg->Build(ir_passes.graph());
     // inherit the arguments from ir.
-    if (ir_passes.graph().Has(ir::kFuseStatisAttr)) {
+    if (ir_passes.graph().Has(framework::ir::kFuseStatisAttr)) {
       argument_->Set(
-          ir::kFuseStatisAttr,
+          framework::ir::kFuseStatisAttr,
           new std::unordered_map<std::string, int>(
               ir_passes.graph().Get<std::unordered_map<std::string, int>>(
-                  ir::kFuseStatisAttr)));
+                  framework::ir::kFuseStatisAttr)));
     }
   }
 
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ class FluidToIrPass final : public DataFlowGraphPass {
 
  private:
   // Load parameters from a single file or from a directory.
-  bool LoadParams(Scope *scope, const std::string &dir,
+  bool LoadParams(framework::Scope *scope, const std::string &dir,
                   const std::string &prog_file, const std::string &param_file);
 
  private:
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/model_store_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/model_store_pass.h
index 3a2869e30bd80cfd0756f8e21acb414656620eaa..f14b49e09c2f8e79c6fc4accdbf17f4f7a9bb1a3 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/model_store_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/model_store_pass.h
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 #include <string>
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.cc
index ff5ec94265a4f05c1294ad6c8ac5f86c249b84b6..759b2b96a1944c060ac98b6865b58ba2f6369607 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.cc
@@ -40,17 +40,6 @@ void DfgPassManager::RunAll() {
   }
 }
 
-void NodePassManager::RunAll() {
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(argument_);
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE(argument_->main_dfg.get());
-  auto trait = GraphTraits<DataFlowGraph>(*argument_->main_dfg).nodes_in_DFS();
-  for (auto& node : trait) {
-    for (auto& pass : data_) {
-      pass->Run(&node);
-    }
-  }
-}
-
 }  // namespace analysis
 }  // namespace inference
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.h
index 81a17e0287a5aef8a328e43380ee3691f5a32379..412747c4fcce73303703f586f7a04edf4cc5ee76 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager.h
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 #include <string>
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace inference {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace analysis {
  * PassManager is the base class for all pass managers, a pass manager has
  * several Pass-es registered, and execute them in the linear order.
  */
-class PassManager : public OrderedRegistry<Pass> {
+class PassManager : public OrderedRegistry<AnalysisPass> {
  public:
   PassManager() = default;
   // Call all the passes' Initialize methods. The desc and data_flow_graph are
@@ -89,18 +89,6 @@ class DfgPassManager : public PassManager {
   virtual ~DfgPassManager() = default;
 };
 
-/*
- * A pass manager that process a Node each time.
- */
-class NodePassManager : public PassManager {
- public:
-  NodePassManager() = default;
-
-  void RunAll() override;
-
-  virtual ~NodePassManager() = default;
-};
-
 }  // namespace analysis
 }  // namespace inference
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager_tester.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager_tester.cc
index 13423e4837e12a96e7a5dfc9ca3f59bf8b14746a..72b0fbf7e571ec97a0ea093d01449c1d5ddb9b91 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager_tester.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass_manager_tester.cc
@@ -34,28 +34,6 @@ class TestDfgPassManager final : public DfgPassManager {
   std::string description() const override { return "test doc"; }
 };
 
-class TestNodePassManager final : public NodePassManager {
- public:
-  virtual ~TestNodePassManager() = default;
-
-  std::string repr() const override { return "test-node-pass-manager"; }
-  std::string description() const override { return "test doc"; }
-};
-
-class TestNodePass final : public NodePass {
- public:
-  virtual ~TestNodePass() = default;
-
-  bool Initialize(Argument* argument) override { return true; }
-
-  void Run(Node* node) override {
-    LOG(INFO) << "- Processing node " << node->repr();
-  }
-
-  std::string repr() const override { return "test-node"; }
-  std::string description() const override { return "some doc"; }
-};
-
 TEST(PassManager, DFG_pass_manager) {
   TestDfgPassManager manager;
   DFG_GraphvizDrawPass::Config config("./", "dfg.dot");
@@ -71,19 +49,6 @@ TEST(PassManager, DFG_pass_manager) {
   manager.RunAll();
 }
 
-TEST(PassManager, Node_pass_manager) {
-  Argument argument(FLAGS_inference_model_dir);
-  // Pre-process: initialize the DFG with the ProgramDesc first.
-  FluidToDataFlowGraphPass pass0;
-  pass0.Initialize(&argument);
-  pass0.Run(argument.main_dfg.get());
-
-  TestNodePassManager manager;
-  manager.Register("test-node-pass", new TestNodePass);
-  ASSERT_TRUE(manager.Initialize(&argument));
-  manager.RunAll();
-}
-
 }  // namespace analysis
 }  // namespace inference
 }  // namespace paddle
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.cc b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.cc
index 9f51fafe0b2a66f9d062a6b751fe7a3bc662ce7c..174c8513f92cf869419f04cab5a54af65e9673b8 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.cc
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.cc
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ class DfgDebuggerPass : public DFG_GraphvizDrawPass {
   }
 };
 
-Pass *TensorRTSubgraphNodeMarkPass::CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const {
+AnalysisPass *TensorRTSubgraphNodeMarkPass::CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const {
   DFG_GraphvizDrawPass::Config config(FLAGS_IA_graphviz_log_root,
                                       "tensorrt_marked_node");
   return new DfgDebuggerPass(config);
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.h
index c558a6ebbde371071c7330a14cc986bf764d1773..c881a54c240538b68abdcb9060db69de3bf2b8bb 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_node_mark_pass.h
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/subgraph_splitter.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class TensorRTSubgraphNodeMarkPass : public DataFlowGraphPass {
     return "tensorrt sub-graph mark pass";
   }
 
-  Pass* CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const override;
+  AnalysisPass* CreateGraphvizDebugerPass() const override;
   bool Finalize() override;
 
  private:
diff --git a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_pass.h b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_pass.h
index c6741a92095d33d261a4e1667c87a8ca02e51a9f..219e3f5470f627e81005aabf94f9c72c33fd2eed 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_pass.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/tensorrt_subgraph_pass.h
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #pragma once
 
 #include <string>
+#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/analysis_pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/node.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/pass.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/inference/analysis/subgraph_splitter.h"
 
 namespace paddle {