diff --git a/source/client/test/clientTests.cpp b/source/client/test/clientTests.cpp
index 5523e1f777291c1b12668a3f3ebc342e49c77291..6cb89c13ecce538c0b6cf0c342bb0b5866ad9c37 100644
--- a/source/client/test/clientTests.cpp
+++ b/source/client/test/clientTests.cpp
@@ -998,7 +998,8 @@ TEST(clientCase, sub_db_test) {
 
   // 创建订阅 topics 列表
   tmq_list_t* topicList = tmq_list_new();
-  tmq_list_append(topicList, "topic_db1");
+  tmq_list_append(topicList, "topic_t1");
+  tmq_list_append(topicList, "topic_s2");
 
   // 启动订阅
   tmq_subscribe(tmq, topicList);
diff --git a/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndConsumer.c b/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndConsumer.c
index 616f69cd5ba7598c2aa8f9e7afd486011962e908..68670eedfbd6ed9e1672af0dcdb999f51d13703e 100644
--- a/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndConsumer.c
+++ b/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndConsumer.c
@@ -247,6 +247,13 @@ static SMqRebInfo *mndGetOrCreateRebSub(SHashObj *pHash, const char *key) {
   return pRebInfo;
 }
 
+static void freeRebalanceItem(void* param) {
+  SMqRebInfo* pInfo = param;
+  taosArrayDestroy(pInfo->lostConsumers);
+  taosArrayDestroy(pInfo->newConsumers);
+  taosArrayDestroy(pInfo->removedConsumers);
+}
+
 static int32_t mndProcessMqTimerMsg(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
   SMnode         *pMnode = pMsg->info.node;
   SSdb           *pSdb = pMnode->pSdb;
@@ -262,8 +269,21 @@ static int32_t mndProcessMqTimerMsg(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
   }
 
   SMqDoRebalanceMsg *pRebMsg = rpcMallocCont(sizeof(SMqDoRebalanceMsg));
+  if (pRebMsg == NULL) {
+    mError("failed to create the rebalance msg, size:%d, quit mq timer", (int32_t) sizeof(SMqDoRebalanceMsg));
+    mndRebEnd();
+    return TSDB_CODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
   pRebMsg->rebSubHash = taosHashInit(64, MurmurHash3_32, true, HASH_NO_LOCK);
-  // TODO set cleanfp
+  if (pRebMsg->rebSubHash == NULL) {
+    mError("failed to create rebalance hashmap");
+    rpcFreeCont(pRebMsg);
+    mndRebEnd();
+    return TSDB_CODE_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
+  }
+
+  taosHashSetFreeFp(pRebMsg->rebSubHash, freeRebalanceItem);
 
   // iterate all consumers, find all modification
   while (1) {
@@ -356,7 +376,7 @@ static int32_t mndProcessMqTimerMsg(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
   } else {
     taosHashCleanup(pRebMsg->rebSubHash);
     rpcFreeCont(pRebMsg);
-    mDebug("mq rebalance finished, no modification");
+    mDebug("mq timer finished, no need to re-balance");
     mndRebEnd();
   }
   return 0;
@@ -852,6 +872,53 @@ static int32_t mndConsumerActionDelete(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pConsumer) {
   return 0;
 }
 
+static void updateConsumerStatus(SMqConsumerObj* pConsumer) {
+  int32_t status = pConsumer->status;
+
+  if (taosArrayGetSize(pConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 0 && taosArrayGetSize(pConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0) {
+    if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB) {
+      pConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__READY;
+    } else if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST) {
+      pConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_REBD;
+    }
+  } else {
+    if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB) {
+      pConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY;
+    } else if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB) {
+      pConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// remove from new topic
+static void removeFromNewTopicList(SMqConsumerObj* pConsumer, const char* pTopic) {
+  int32_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pConsumer->rebNewTopics);
+  for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pConsumer->rebNewTopics); i++) {
+    char *p = taosArrayGetP(pConsumer->rebNewTopics, i);
+    if (strcmp(pTopic, p) == 0) {
+      taosArrayRemove(pConsumer->rebNewTopics, i);
+      taosMemoryFree(p);
+
+      mDebug("consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " remove new topic:%s in the topic list, remain newTopics:%d", pConsumer->consumerId,
+             pTopic, (int) taosArrayGetSize(pConsumer->rebNewTopics));
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// remove from removed topic
+static void removeFromRemoveTopicList(SMqConsumerObj* pConsumer, const char* pTopic) {
+  int32_t size = taosArrayGetSize(pConsumer->rebRemovedTopics);
+  for (int32_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+    char *p = taosArrayGetP(pConsumer->rebRemovedTopics, i);
+    if (strcmp(pTopic, p) == 0) {
+      taosArrayRemove(pConsumer->rebRemovedTopics, i);
+      taosMemoryFree(p);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
 static int32_t mndConsumerActionUpdate(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pOldConsumer, SMqConsumerObj *pNewConsumer) {
   mDebug("consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " perform update action, update type:%d, subscribe-time:%" PRId64 ", uptime:%" PRId64,
          pOldConsumer->consumerId, pNewConsumer->updateType, pOldConsumer->subscribeTime, pOldConsumer->upTime);
@@ -862,6 +929,7 @@ static int32_t mndConsumerActionUpdate(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pOldConsumer,
     /*A(taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 0);*/
     /*A(taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0);*/
 
+    // this new consumer has identical topics with one existed consumers.
     if (taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 0 && taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0) {
       pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__READY;
     } else {
@@ -878,7 +946,6 @@ static int32_t mndConsumerActionUpdate(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pOldConsumer,
       pNewConsumer->assignedTopics = tmp;
 
       pOldConsumer->subscribeTime = pNewConsumer->upTime;
-
       pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY;
     }
   } else if (pNewConsumer->updateType == CONSUMER_UPDATE__LOST) {
@@ -918,71 +985,48 @@ static int32_t mndConsumerActionUpdate(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pOldConsumer,
     pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime = pNewConsumer->upTime;
 
   } else if (pNewConsumer->updateType == CONSUMER_UPDATE__ADD) {
-    /*A(taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 1);*/
-    /*A(taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0);*/
+    ASSERT(taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 1 && taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0);
+    char *pNewTopic = taosStrdup(taosArrayGetP(pNewConsumer->rebNewTopics, 0));
 
-    char *addedTopic = taosStrdup(taosArrayGetP(pNewConsumer->rebNewTopics, 0));
     // not exist in current topic
-
-    bool existing = false;
-#if 1
+    bool    existing = false;
     int32_t numOfExistedTopics = taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->currentTopics);
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfExistedTopics; i++) {
       char *topic = taosArrayGetP(pOldConsumer->currentTopics, i);
-      if (strcmp(topic, addedTopic) == 0) {
+      if (strcmp(topic, pNewTopic) == 0) {
         existing = true;
       }
     }
-#endif
 
-    // remove from new topic
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics); i++) {
-      char *topic = taosArrayGetP(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics, i);
-      if (strcmp(addedTopic, topic) == 0) {
-        taosArrayRemove(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics, i);
-        taosMemoryFree(topic);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    removeFromNewTopicList(pOldConsumer, pNewTopic);
 
     // add to current topic
     if (!existing) {
-      taosArrayPush(pOldConsumer->currentTopics, &addedTopic);
+      taosArrayPush(pOldConsumer->currentTopics, &pNewTopic);
       taosArraySort(pOldConsumer->currentTopics, taosArrayCompareString);
     } else {
-      taosMemoryFree(addedTopic);
+      taosMemoryFree(pNewTopic);
     }
 
     // set status
     int32_t status = pOldConsumer->status;
-    if (taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 0 && taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0) {
-      if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__READY;
-      } else if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_REBD;
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB;
-      } else if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB;
-      }
-    }
+    updateConsumerStatus(pOldConsumer);
 
     // the re-balance is triggered when the new consumer is launched.
     pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime = pNewConsumer->upTime;
 
     atomic_add_fetch_32(&pOldConsumer->epoch, 1);
-    mDebug("consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " state (%d)%s -> (%d)%s, new epoch:%d, reb-time:%" PRId64 ", current topics:%d",
+    mDebug("consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " state (%d)%s -> (%d)%s, new epoch:%d, reb-time:%" PRId64
+           ", current topics:%d, newTopics:%d, removeTopics:%d",
            pOldConsumer->consumerId, status, mndConsumerStatusName(status), pOldConsumer->status,
-           mndConsumerStatusName(pOldConsumer->status),
-           pOldConsumer->epoch, pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime, (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->currentTopics));
+           mndConsumerStatusName(pOldConsumer->status), pOldConsumer->epoch, pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime,
+           (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->currentTopics), (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics),
+           (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics));
+
   } else if (pNewConsumer->updateType == CONSUMER_UPDATE__REMOVE) {
     /*A(taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 0);*/
     /*A(taosArrayGetSize(pNewConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 1);*/
     char *removedTopic = taosArrayGetP(pNewConsumer->rebRemovedTopics, 0);
-
-    // not exist in new topic
 #if 0
     for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics); i++) {
       char *topic = taosArrayGetP(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics, i);
@@ -991,14 +1035,7 @@ static int32_t mndConsumerActionUpdate(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pOldConsumer,
 #endif
 
     // remove from removed topic
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics); i++) {
-      char *topic = taosArrayGetP(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics, i);
-      if (strcmp(removedTopic, topic) == 0) {
-        taosArrayRemove(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics, i);
-        taosMemoryFree(topic);
-        break;
-      }
-    }
+    removeFromRemoveTopicList(pOldConsumer, removedTopic);
 
     // remove from current topic
     int32_t i = 0;
@@ -1011,32 +1048,20 @@ static int32_t mndConsumerActionUpdate(SSdb *pSdb, SMqConsumerObj *pOldConsumer,
         break;
       }
     }
-    // must find the topic
-    /*A(i < sz);*/
 
     // set status
     int32_t status = pOldConsumer->status;
-    if (taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics) == 0 && taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics) == 0) {
-      if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__READY;
-      } else if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_REBD;
-      }
-    } else {
-      if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__MODIFY_IN_REB;
-      } else if (status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST || status == MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB) {
-        pOldConsumer->status = MQ_CONSUMER_STATUS__LOST_IN_REB;
-      }
-    }
+    updateConsumerStatus(pOldConsumer);
 
     pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime = pNewConsumer->upTime;
     atomic_add_fetch_32(&pOldConsumer->epoch, 1);
 
-    mDebug("consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " state %d(%s) -> %d(%s), new epoch:%d, reb-time:%" PRId64 ", current topics:%d",
+    mDebug("consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " state (%d)%s -> (%d)%s, new epoch:%d, reb-time:%" PRId64
+               ", current topics:%d, newTopics:%d, removeTopics:%d",
            pOldConsumer->consumerId, status, mndConsumerStatusName(status), pOldConsumer->status,
-           mndConsumerStatusName(pOldConsumer->status),
-           pOldConsumer->epoch, pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime, (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->currentTopics));
+           mndConsumerStatusName(pOldConsumer->status), pOldConsumer->epoch, pOldConsumer->rebalanceTime,
+           (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->currentTopics), (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebNewTopics),
+           (int)taosArrayGetSize(pOldConsumer->rebRemovedTopics));
   }
 
   taosWUnLockLatch(&pOldConsumer->lock);
diff --git a/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndSubscribe.c b/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndSubscribe.c
index 924216bcbf87b312221ca1782c3e56e09b951fde..64a3170d471f293ad703ef27f30cd00a59258ba0 100644
--- a/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndSubscribe.c
+++ b/source/dnode/mnode/impl/src/mndSubscribe.c
@@ -197,24 +197,20 @@ static SMqRebInfo *mndGetOrCreateRebSub(SHashObj *pHash, const char *key) {
   return pRebSub;
 }
 
-static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqRebOutputObj *pOutput) {
-  int32_t     totalVgNum = pOutput->pSub->vgNum;
-  const char *sub = pOutput->pSub->key;
-  mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance %d vgroups", sub, pOutput->pSub->vgNum);
-
-  // 1. build temporary hash(vgId -> SMqRebOutputVg) to store modified vg
-  SHashObj *pHash = taosHashInit(64, taosGetDefaultHashFunction(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT), false, HASH_NO_LOCK);
+static void doRemoveExistedConsumers(SMqRebOutputObj *pOutput, SHashObj *pHash, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput) {
+  int32_t     numOfRemoved = taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->removedConsumers);
+  const char *pSubKey = pOutput->pSub->key;
 
-  // 2. check and get actual removed consumers, put their vg into hash
-  int32_t removedNum = taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->removedConsumers);
   int32_t actualRemoved = 0;
-  for (int32_t i = 0; i < removedNum; i++) {
+  for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfRemoved; i++) {
     uint64_t consumerId = *(uint64_t *)taosArrayGet(pInput->pRebInfo->removedConsumers, i);
 
     SMqConsumerEp *pConsumerEp = taosHashGet(pOutput->pSub->consumerHash, &consumerId, sizeof(int64_t));
 
+    // consumer exists till now
     if (pConsumerEp) {
       actualRemoved++;
+
       int32_t consumerVgNum = taosArrayGetSize(pConsumerEp->vgs);
       for (int32_t j = 0; j < consumerVgNum; j++) {
         SMqVgEp       *pVgEp = taosArrayGetP(pConsumerEp->vgs, j);
@@ -223,52 +219,66 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
             .newConsumerId = -1,
             .pVgEp = pVgEp,
         };
+
         taosHashPut(pHash, &pVgEp->vgId, sizeof(int32_t), &outputVg, sizeof(SMqRebOutputVg));
-        mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance remove vgId:%d from consumer:0x%" PRIx64, sub, pVgEp->vgId, consumerId);
+        mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance remove vgId:%d from consumer:%" PRIx64, pSubKey, pVgEp->vgId, consumerId);
       }
+
       taosArrayDestroy(pConsumerEp->vgs);
       taosHashRemove(pOutput->pSub->consumerHash, &consumerId, sizeof(int64_t));
+
       // put into removed
       taosArrayPush(pOutput->removedConsumers, &consumerId);
     }
   }
 
-  if (removedNum != actualRemoved) {
-    mError("sub:%s mq re-balance removedNum:%d not matched with actual:%d", sub, removedNum, actualRemoved);
+  if (numOfRemoved != actualRemoved) {
+    mError("sub:%s mq re-balance removedNum:%d not matched with actual:%d", pSubKey, numOfRemoved, actualRemoved);
+  } else {
+    mInfo("sub:%s removed %d consumers", pSubKey, numOfRemoved);
   }
+}
 
-  // if previously no consumer, there are vgs not assigned
-  {
-    int32_t consumerVgNum = taosArrayGetSize(pOutput->pSub->unassignedVgs);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < consumerVgNum; i++) {
-      SMqVgEp       *pVgEp = *(SMqVgEp **)taosArrayPop(pOutput->pSub->unassignedVgs);
-      SMqRebOutputVg rebOutput = {
-          .oldConsumerId = -1,
-          .newConsumerId = -1,
-          .pVgEp = pVgEp,
-      };
-      taosHashPut(pHash, &pVgEp->vgId, sizeof(int32_t), &rebOutput, sizeof(SMqRebOutputVg));
-      mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance remove vgId:%d from unassigned", sub, pVgEp->vgId);
-    }
+static void doAddNewConsumers(SMqRebOutputObj *pOutput, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput) {
+  int32_t numOfNewConsumers = taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->newConsumers);
+  const char *pSubKey = pOutput->pSub->key;
+
+  for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfNewConsumers; i++) {
+    int64_t consumerId = *(int64_t *)taosArrayGet(pInput->pRebInfo->newConsumers, i);
+
+    SMqConsumerEp newConsumerEp;
+    newConsumerEp.consumerId = consumerId;
+    newConsumerEp.vgs = taosArrayInit(0, sizeof(void *));
+
+    taosHashPut(pOutput->pSub->consumerHash, &consumerId, sizeof(int64_t), &newConsumerEp, sizeof(SMqConsumerEp));
+    taosArrayPush(pOutput->newConsumers, &consumerId);
+    mInfo("sub:%s mq rebalance add new consumer:%" PRIx64, pSubKey, consumerId);
   }
+}
 
-  // 3. calc vg number of each consumer
-  int32_t afterRebConsumerNum = pInput->oldConsumerNum + taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->newConsumers) -
-                                taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->removedConsumers);
-  int32_t minVgCnt = 0;
-  int32_t imbConsumerNum = 0;
-  // calc num
-  if (afterRebConsumerNum) {
-    minVgCnt = totalVgNum / afterRebConsumerNum;
-    imbConsumerNum = totalVgNum % afterRebConsumerNum;
+static void addUnassignedVgroups(SMqRebOutputObj *pOutput, SHashObj* pHash) {
+  const char *pSubKey = pOutput->pSub->key;
+  int32_t numOfVgroups = taosArrayGetSize(pOutput->pSub->unassignedVgs);
+
+  for (int32_t i = 0; i < numOfVgroups; i++) {
+    SMqVgEp       *pVgEp = *(SMqVgEp **)taosArrayPop(pOutput->pSub->unassignedVgs);
+    SMqRebOutputVg rebOutput = {
+        .oldConsumerId = -1,
+        .newConsumerId = -1,
+        .pVgEp = pVgEp,
+    };
+
+    taosHashPut(pHash, &pVgEp->vgId, sizeof(int32_t), &rebOutput, sizeof(SMqRebOutputVg));
+    mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance remove vgId:%d from unassigned", pSubKey, pVgEp->vgId);
   }
+}
 
-  mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance %d consumers: at least %d vgs each, %d consumers has more vgs", sub,
-        afterRebConsumerNum, minVgCnt, imbConsumerNum);
+static void transferVgroupsForConsumers(SMqRebOutputObj *pOutput, SHashObj* pHash, int32_t minVgCnt, int32_t imbConsumerNum) {
+  const char *pSubKey = pOutput->pSub->key;
 
-  // 4. first scan: remove consumer more than wanted, put to remove hash
   int32_t imbCnt = 0;
   void   *pIter = NULL;
+
   while (1) {
     pIter = taosHashIterate(pOutput->pSub->consumerHash, pIter);
     if (pIter == NULL) {
@@ -276,8 +286,8 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
     }
 
     SMqConsumerEp *pConsumerEp = (SMqConsumerEp *)pIter;
+    int32_t        consumerVgNum = taosArrayGetSize(pConsumerEp->vgs);
 
-    int32_t consumerVgNum = taosArrayGetSize(pConsumerEp->vgs);
     // all old consumers still existing are touched
     // TODO optimize: touch only consumer whose vgs changed
     taosArrayPush(pOutput->touchedConsumers, &pConsumerEp->consumerId);
@@ -296,13 +306,13 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
                 .pVgEp = pVgEp,
             };
             taosHashPut(pHash, &pVgEp->vgId, sizeof(int32_t), &outputVg, sizeof(SMqRebOutputVg));
-            mInfo("sub:%s mq rebalance remove vgId:%d from consumer:0x%" PRIx64 ",(first scan)", sub, pVgEp->vgId,
+            mInfo("sub:%s mq rebalance remove vgId:%d from consumer:0x%" PRIx64 ",(first scan)", pSubKey, pVgEp->vgId,
                   pConsumerEp->consumerId);
           }
           imbCnt++;
         }
       } else {
-        // pop until equal minVg
+        // all the remain consumers should only have the number of vgroups, which is equalled to the value of minVg
         while (taosArrayGetSize(pConsumerEp->vgs) > minVgCnt) {
           SMqVgEp       *pVgEp = *(SMqVgEp **)taosArrayPop(pConsumerEp->vgs);
           SMqRebOutputVg outputVg = {
@@ -311,36 +321,67 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
               .pVgEp = pVgEp,
           };
           taosHashPut(pHash, &pVgEp->vgId, sizeof(int32_t), &outputVg, sizeof(SMqRebOutputVg));
-          mInfo("sub:%s mq rebalance remove vgId:%d from consumer:0x%" PRIx64 ",(first scan)", sub, pVgEp->vgId,
+          mInfo("sub:%s mq rebalance remove vgId:%d from consumer:0x%" PRIx64 ",(first scan)", pSubKey, pVgEp->vgId,
                 pConsumerEp->consumerId);
         }
       }
     }
   }
+}
 
-  // 5. add new consumer into sub
-  {
-    int32_t consumerNum = taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->newConsumers);
-    for (int32_t i = 0; i < consumerNum; i++) {
-      int64_t consumerId = *(int64_t *)taosArrayGet(pInput->pRebInfo->newConsumers, i);
-
-      SMqConsumerEp newConsumerEp;
-      newConsumerEp.consumerId = consumerId;
-      newConsumerEp.vgs = taosArrayInit(0, sizeof(void *));
-      taosHashPut(pOutput->pSub->consumerHash, &consumerId, sizeof(int64_t), &newConsumerEp, sizeof(SMqConsumerEp));
-      taosArrayPush(pOutput->newConsumers, &consumerId);
-      mInfo("sub:%s mq rebalance add new consumer:0x%" PRIx64, sub, consumerId);
-    }
+static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqRebOutputObj *pOutput) {
+  int32_t     totalVgNum = pOutput->pSub->vgNum;
+  const char *pSubKey = pOutput->pSub->key;
+
+  int32_t numOfRemoved = taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->removedConsumers);
+  int32_t numOfAdded = taosArrayGetSize(pInput->pRebInfo->newConsumers);
+  mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance %d vgroups, existed consumers:%d, added:%d, removed:%d", pSubKey, totalVgNum,
+        pInput->oldConsumerNum, numOfAdded, numOfRemoved);
+
+  // 1. build temporary hash(vgId -> SMqRebOutputVg) to store modified vg
+  SHashObj *pHash = taosHashInit(64, taosGetDefaultHashFunction(TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT), false, HASH_NO_LOCK);
+
+  // 2. check and get actual removed consumers, put their vg into hash
+  doRemoveExistedConsumers(pOutput, pHash, pInput);
+
+  // 3. if previously no consumer, there are vgs not assigned
+  addUnassignedVgroups(pOutput, pHash);
+
+  // 4. calc vg number of each consumer
+  int32_t numOfFinal = pInput->oldConsumerNum + numOfAdded - numOfRemoved;
+
+  int32_t minVgCnt = 0;
+  int32_t imbConsumerNum = 0;
+
+  // calc num
+  if (numOfFinal) {
+    minVgCnt = totalVgNum / numOfFinal;
+    imbConsumerNum = totalVgNum % numOfFinal;
+    mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance %d consumers: at least %d vgs each, %d consumers has 1 more vgroups than avg value",
+          pSubKey, numOfFinal, minVgCnt, imbConsumerNum);
+  } else {
+    mInfo("sub:%s no consumer subscribe this topic", pSubKey);
   }
 
-  // 6. second scan: find consumer do not have enough vg, extract from temporary hash and assign to new consumer.
+  // 5. first scan: remove vgroups from te consumers, who have more vgroups than the threashold value that is
+  // minVgCnt, and then put them into the recycled hash list
+  transferVgroupsForConsumers(pOutput, pHash, minVgCnt, imbConsumerNum);
+
+  // 6. add new consumer into sub
+  doAddNewConsumers(pOutput, pInput);
+
+  // 7. second scan: find consumer do not have enough vgroups, extract from temporary hash and assign to them
   // All related vg should be put into rebVgs
   SMqRebOutputVg *pRebVg = NULL;
   void           *pRemovedIter = NULL;
-  pIter = NULL;
+  void           *pIter = NULL;
+
   while (1) {
     pIter = taosHashIterate(pOutput->pSub->consumerHash, pIter);
-    if (pIter == NULL) break;
+    if (pIter == NULL) {
+      break;
+    }
+
     SMqConsumerEp *pConsumerEp = (SMqConsumerEp *)pIter;
 
     // push until equal minVg
@@ -348,8 +389,8 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
       // iter hash and find one vg
       pRemovedIter = taosHashIterate(pHash, pRemovedIter);
       if (pRemovedIter == NULL) {
-        mError("sub:%s removed iter is null", sub);
-        continue;
+        mError("sub:%s removed iter is null", pSubKey);
+        break;
       }
 
       pRebVg = (SMqRebOutputVg *)pRemovedIter;
@@ -409,15 +450,15 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
 
       taosArrayPush(pOutput->pSub->unassignedVgs, &pRebOutput->pVgEp);
       taosArrayPush(pOutput->rebVgs, pRebOutput);
-      mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance unassign vgId:%d (second scan)", sub, pRebOutput->pVgEp->vgId);
+      mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance unassign vgId:%d (second scan)", pSubKey, pRebOutput->pVgEp->vgId);
     }
   }
 
   // 8. generate logs
-  mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance calculation completed, re-balanced vg", sub);
+  mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance calculation completed, re-balanced vg", pSubKey);
   for (int32_t i = 0; i < taosArrayGetSize(pOutput->rebVgs); i++) {
     SMqRebOutputVg *pOutputRebVg = taosArrayGet(pOutput->rebVgs, i);
-    mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance vgId:%d, moved from consumer:0x%" PRIx64 ", to consumer:0x%" PRIx64, sub,
+    mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance vgId:%d, moved from consumer:0x%" PRIx64 ", to consumer:0x%" PRIx64, pSubKey,
           pOutputRebVg->pVgEp->vgId, pOutputRebVg->oldConsumerId, pOutputRebVg->newConsumerId);
   }
   {
@@ -427,10 +468,10 @@ static int32_t mndDoRebalance(SMnode *pMnode, const SMqRebInputObj *pInput, SMqR
       if (pIter == NULL) break;
       SMqConsumerEp *pConsumerEp = (SMqConsumerEp *)pIter;
       int32_t        sz = taosArrayGetSize(pConsumerEp->vgs);
-      mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance final cfg: consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " has %d vg", sub, pConsumerEp->consumerId, sz);
+      mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance final cfg: consumer:0x%" PRIx64 " has %d vg", pSubKey, pConsumerEp->consumerId, sz);
       for (int32_t i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
         SMqVgEp *pVgEp = taosArrayGetP(pConsumerEp->vgs, i);
-        mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance final cfg: vg %d to consumer:0x%" PRIx64, sub, pVgEp->vgId,
+        mInfo("sub:%s mq re-balance final cfg: vg %d to consumer:0x%" PRIx64, pSubKey, pVgEp->vgId,
               pConsumerEp->consumerId);
       }
     }
@@ -555,17 +596,23 @@ static int32_t mndProcessRebalanceReq(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
   SMnode            *pMnode = pMsg->info.node;
   SMqDoRebalanceMsg *pReq = pMsg->pCont;
   void              *pIter = NULL;
+  bool               rebalanceOnce = false;  // to ensure only once.
 
-  mInfo("mq re-balance start");
+  mInfo("mq re-balance start, total required re-balanced trans:%d", taosHashGetSize(pReq->rebSubHash));
 
+  // here we only handle one topic rebalance requirement to ensure the atomic execution of this transaction.
   while (1) {
+    if (rebalanceOnce) {
+      break;
+    }
+
     pIter = taosHashIterate(pReq->rebSubHash, pIter);
     if (pIter == NULL) {
       break;
     }
 
+    // todo handle the malloc failure
     SMqRebInputObj rebInput = {0};
-
     SMqRebOutputObj rebOutput = {0};
     rebOutput.newConsumers = taosArrayInit(0, sizeof(int64_t));
     rebOutput.removedConsumers = taosArrayInit(0, sizeof(int64_t));
@@ -582,9 +629,10 @@ static int32_t mndProcessRebalanceReq(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
       char topic[TSDB_TOPIC_FNAME_LEN];
       char cgroup[TSDB_CGROUP_LEN];
       mndSplitSubscribeKey(pRebInfo->key, topic, cgroup, true);
+
       SMqTopicObj *pTopic = mndAcquireTopic(pMnode, topic);
       if (pTopic == NULL) {
-        mError("mq re-balance %s ignored since topic %s not exist", pRebInfo->key, topic);
+        mError("mq re-balance %s ignored since topic %s doesn't exist", pRebInfo->key, topic);
         continue;
       }
 
@@ -604,11 +652,13 @@ static int32_t mndProcessRebalanceReq(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
       mndReleaseTopic(pMnode, pTopic);
 
       rebInput.oldConsumerNum = 0;
+      mInfo("topic:%s has no consumers sub yet", topic);
     } else {
       taosRLockLatch(&pSub->lock);
       rebInput.oldConsumerNum = taosHashGetSize(pSub->consumerHash);
       rebOutput.pSub = tCloneSubscribeObj(pSub);
       taosRUnLockLatch(&pSub->lock);
+      mInfo("topic:%s has %d consumers sub till now", pRebInfo->key, rebInput.oldConsumerNum);
       mndReleaseSubscribe(pMnode, pSub);
     }
 
@@ -623,16 +673,14 @@ static int32_t mndProcessRebalanceReq(SRpcMsg *pMsg) {
       mError("mq re-balance persist output error, possibly vnode splitted or dropped");
     }
 
-    taosArrayDestroy(pRebInfo->lostConsumers);
-    taosArrayDestroy(pRebInfo->newConsumers);
-    taosArrayDestroy(pRebInfo->removedConsumers);
-
     taosArrayDestroy(rebOutput.newConsumers);
     taosArrayDestroy(rebOutput.touchedConsumers);
     taosArrayDestroy(rebOutput.removedConsumers);
     taosArrayDestroy(rebOutput.rebVgs);
     tDeleteSubscribeObj(rebOutput.pSub);
     taosMemoryFree(rebOutput.pSub);
+
+    rebalanceOnce = true;
   }
 
   // reset flag