# Glossary

## Appendix A: Glossary

### Spring Batch Glossary

Batch

An accumulation of business transactions over time.

Batch Application Style

Term used to designate batch as an application style in its own right, similar to
online, Web, or SOA. It has standard elements of input, validation, transformation of
information to business model, business processing, and output. In addition, it
requires monitoring at a macro level.

Batch Processing

The handling of a batch of many business transactions that have accumulated over a
period of time (such as an hour, a day, a week, a month, or a year). It is the
application of a process or set of processes to many data entities or objects in a
repetitive and predictable fashion with either no manual element or a separate manual
element for error processing.

Batch Window

The time frame within which a batch job must complete. This can be constrained by other
systems coming online, other dependent jobs needing to execute, or other factors
specific to the batch environment.

Step

The main batch task or unit of work. It initializes the business logic and controls the
transaction environment, based on commit interval setting and other factors.

Tasklet

A component created by an application developer to process the business logic for a
Step.

Batch Job Type

Job types describe application of jobs for particular types of processing. Common areas
are interface processing (typically flat files), forms processing (either for online
PDF generation or print formats), and report processing.

Driving Query

A driving query identifies the set of work for a job to do. The job then breaks that
work into individual units of work. For instance, a driving query might be to identify
all financial transactions that have a status of "pending transmission" and send them
to a partner system. The driving query returns a set of record IDs to process. Each
record ID then becomes a unit of work. A driving query may involve a join (if the
criteria for selection falls across two or more tables) or it may work with a single
table.

Item

An item represents the smallest amount of complete data for processing. In the simplest
terms, this might be a line in a file, a row in a database table, or a particular
element in an XML file.

Logical Unit of Work (LUW)

A batch job iterates through a driving query (or other input source, such as a file) to
perform the set of work that the job must accomplish. Each iteration of work performed
is a unit of work.

Commit Interval

A set of LUWs processed within a single transaction.

Partitioning

Splitting a job into multiple threads where each thread is responsible for a subset of
the overall data to be processed. The threads of execution may be within the same JVM
or they may span JVMs in a clustered environment that supports workload balancing.

Staging Table

A table that holds temporary data while it is being processed.

Restartable

A job that can be executed again and assumes the same identity as when run initially.
In other words, it is has the same job instance ID.

Rerunnable

A job that is restartable and manages its own state in terms of the previous run’s
record processing. An example of a rerunnable step is one based on a driving query. If
the driving query can be formed so that it limits the processed rows when the job is
restarted, then it is re-runnable. This is managed by the application logic. Often, a
condition is added to the `where` statement to limit the rows returned by the driving
query with logic resembling "and processedFlag!= true".

Repeat

One of the most basic units of batch processing, it defines by repeatability calling a
portion of code until it is finished and while there is no error. Typically, a batch
process would be repeatable as long as there is input.

Retry

Simplifies the execution of operations with retry semantics most frequently associated
with handling transactional output exceptions. Retry is slightly different from repeat,
rather than continually calling a block of code, retry is stateful and continually
calls the same block of code with the same input, until it either succeeds or some type
of retry limit has been exceeded. It is only generally useful when a subsequent
invocation of the operation might succeed because something in the environment has
improved.

Recover

Recover operations handle an exception in such a way that a repeat process is able to
continue.

Skip

Skip is a recovery strategy often used on file input sources as the strategy for
ignoring bad input records that failed validation.