layer.py

# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
Before this new package paddle.v2.layer, users would need to use functions
in paddle.trainer_config_helpers.layers to configure networks.

The Old Way:
=========
This old way requires that the creation of a network be defined in a Python
function, say network_config, and that this Python function being passed to
paddle.trainer_config_helpers.parse_network_config for the creation of
protobuf message description of this network.

```python
def network_config():
  img = paddle.trainer_config_helpers.data_layer(name="pixel", size=784)
  inference = paddle.trainer_config_helpers.fc_layer(
    input=img,
    size=10,
    act=paddle.trainer_config_helpers.SoftmaxActivation())
  cost = paddle.trainer_config_helpers.classification_cost(
    input=inference,
    label=paddle.trainer_config_helpers.data_layer(name="label", size=10))

proto_desc = parse_network_config(network_config)
```

When parse_network_config executes network_config, those layer definition
functions like data_layer and fc_layer would change some Python global variables,
so that after the execution, parse_network_config could collect information from
these global variables and generates the protobuf message.



The New Way:
=========
In this PR, we define a function in paddle.v2.layer which creates a Python
class for each layer creation function in paddle.trainer_config_helpers.layers.
Users can use create a network as follows:

```python
img = paddle.v2.layer.data(name="pixel", size=784)
inference = paddle.v2.layer.fc(input=img, size=10, act=paddle.v2.layer.Softmax())
cost = paddle.v2.layer.classification(
  input=inference,
  label=paddle.v2.layer.data(name="label", size=10))

parameters = paddle.v2.parameters.create(cost)
```

This new way doesn't require those invocations to layer definition functions
to be in a Python function but could be anywhere.

Also, the creation of a protobuf message is hidden in the invocation of
paddle.v2.parameters.create, no longer exposed to users.
"""

import collections

import paddle.trainer_config_helpers as conf_helps
from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.config_parser_utils import \
    parse_network_config as __parse__
from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.default_decorators import wrap_act_default
from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.default_decorators import wrap_bias_attr_default
from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.default_decorators import wrap_name_default
from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.layers import layer_support

import activation
import data_type

__all__ = [
    'parse_network', 'data', 'fc', 'conv_shift', 'img_conv', 'img_pool', 'spp',
    'maxout', 'img_cmrnorm', 'batch_norm', 'sum_to_one_norm', 'recurrent',
    'lstmemory', 'grumemory', 'pool', 'last_seq', 'first_seq', 'concat',
    'seq_concat', 'block_expand', 'expand', 'repeat', 'seq_reshape', 'addto',
    'linear_comb', 'interpolation', 'bilinear_interp', 'power', 'scaling',
    'slope_intercept', 'tensor', 'cos_sim', 'trans', 'max_id', 'sampling_id',
    'pad', 'classification_cost', 'cross_entropy_cost',
    'cross_entropy_with_selfnorm_cost', 'regression_cost',
    'multi_binary_label_cross_entropy_cost', 'rank_cost', 'lambda_cost',
    'sum_cost', 'huber_cost', 'crf', 'crf_decoding', 'ctc', 'warp_ctc', 'nce',
    'hsigmoid', 'eos', 'memory', 'embedding', 'recurrent_group'
]

__projection_names__ = filter(lambda x: x.endswith('_projection'),
                              dir(conf_helps))
__all__ += __projection_names__

__operator_names__ = filter(lambda x: x.endswith('_operator'), dir(conf_helps))
__all__ += __operator_names__


def parse_network(*outputs):
    """
    parse all output layers and then generate a model config proto.
    :param outputs:
    :return:
    """

    def __real_func__():
        context = dict()
        real_output = [each.to_proto(context=context) for each in outputs]
        conf_helps.outputs(real_output)

    return __parse__(__real_func__)


class Layer(object):
    def __init__(self, name=None, parent_layers=None):
        assert isinstance(parent_layers, dict)
        self.name = name
        self.__parent_layers__ = parent_layers

    def to_proto(self, context):
        """
        function to set proto attribute
        """
        kwargs = dict()
        for layer_name in self.__parent_layers__:
            if not isinstance(self.__parent_layers__[layer_name],
                              collections.Sequence):
                v1_layer = self.__parent_layers__[layer_name].to_proto(
                    context=context)
            else:
                v1_layer = map(lambda x: x.to_proto(context=context),
                               self.__parent_layers__[layer_name])
            kwargs[layer_name] = v1_layer

        if self.name is None:
            return self.to_proto_impl(**kwargs)
        elif isinstance(self, MemoryV2):
            name = self.name + "#__memory__"
            if name not in context:
                context[name] = self.to_proto_impl(**kwargs)
            return context[name]

        if self.name not in context:
            context[self.name] = self.to_proto_impl(**kwargs)
        return context[self.name]

    def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError()


def __convert_to_v2__(method_name, parent_names, is_default_name=True):
    if is_default_name:
        wrapper = wrap_name_default(name_prefix=method_name)
    else:
        wrapper = None

    class V2LayerImpl(Layer):
        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
            parent_layers = dict()
            other_kwargs = dict()
            for pname in parent_names:
                if kwargs.has_key(pname):
                    parent_layers[pname] = kwargs[pname]

            for key in kwargs.keys():
                if key not in parent_names:
                    other_kwargs[key] = kwargs[key]

            name = kwargs.get('name', None)
            super(V2LayerImpl, self).__init__(name, parent_layers)
            self.__other_kwargs__ = other_kwargs

        if wrapper is not None:
            __init__ = wrapper(__init__)

        def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
            args = dict()
            for each in kwargs:
                args[each] = kwargs[each]
            for each in self.__other_kwargs__:
                args[each] = self.__other_kwargs__[each]
            return getattr(conf_helps, method_name)(**args)

    return V2LayerImpl


"""
Some layer may need some special config, and can not use __convert_to_v2__ to convert.
So we also need to implement some special LayerV2.
"""


class DataLayerV2(Layer):
    def __init__(self, name, type, **kwargs):
        assert isinstance(type, data_type.InputType)

        self.type = type
        self.__method_name__ = 'data_layer'
        self.__kwargs__ = kwargs

        super(DataLayerV2, self).__init__(name=name, parent_layers=dict())

    def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
        args = dict()
        args['size'] = self.type.dim
        for each in kwargs:
            args[each] = kwargs[each]
        for each in self.__kwargs__:
            args[each] = self.__kwargs__[each]
        return getattr(conf_helps, self.__method_name__)(name=self.name, **args)


class MemoryV2(Layer):
    def __init__(self, name, size, **kwargs):
        self.name = name
        self.size = size

        parent_names = ['boot_layer']
        parent_layers = dict()
        other_kwargs = dict()
        for pname in parent_names:
            if kwargs.has_key(pname):
                parent_layers[pname] = kwargs[pname]

        for key in kwargs.keys():
            if key not in parent_names:
                other_kwargs[key] = kwargs[key]
        super(MemoryV2, self).__init__(name=name, parent_layers=parent_layers)
        self.__kwargs__ = other_kwargs

    def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
        args = dict()
        for each in kwargs:
            args[each] = kwargs[each]
        for each in self.__kwargs__:
            args[each] = self.__kwargs__[each]

        return conf_helps.memory(name=self.name, size=self.size, **args)


class LayerOutputV2(Layer):
    """
    LayerOutputV2 is used to store the result of LayerOutput in v1 api.
    It will not store it's parents because layer_output has been parsed already.
    """

    def __init__(self, layer_output):
        assert isinstance(layer_output, conf_helps.LayerOutput)
        self.layer_output = layer_output
        super(LayerOutputV2, self).__init__(
            name=layer_output.name, parent_layers=dict())

    def to_proto_impl(self):
        return self.layer_output


class StaticInputV2(Layer):
    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.__parent_names__ = ['input']
        other_kwargs = dict()
        parent_layers = dict()
        for pname in self.__parent_names__:
            if kwargs.has_key(pname):
                parent_layers[pname] = kwargs[pname]
        for key in kwargs.keys():
            if key not in self.__parent_names__:
                other_kwargs[key] = kwargs[key]
        self.__kwargs__ = other_kwargs
        super(StaticInputV2, self).__init__(parent_layers=parent_layers)

    def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
        args = dict()
        for each in kwargs:
            args[each] = kwargs[each]
        for each in self.__kwargs__:
            args[each] = self.__kwargs__[each]
        return conf_helps.StaticInput(**args)


class RecurrentGroupV2(Layer):
    def __init__(self, name, **kwargs):
        self.__parent_names__ = ['input', 'boot_layer']
        other_kwargs = dict()
        parent_layers = dict()
        for pname in self.__parent_names__:
            if kwargs.has_key(pname):
                parent_layers[pname] = kwargs[pname]
        for key in kwargs.keys():
            if key not in self.__parent_names__:
                other_kwargs[key] = kwargs[key]
        self.__kwargs__ = other_kwargs

        super(RecurrentGroupV2, self).__init__(
            name=name, parent_layers=parent_layers)

    wrapper = wrap_name_default(name_prefix='recurrent_group')
    __init__ = wrapper(__init__)

    def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
        def in_args_converter(*in_args):
            if not isinstance(in_args, collections.Sequence):
                in_args = [in_args]
            return [LayerOutputV2(input) for input in in_args]

        args = dict()
        for each in kwargs:
            args[each] = kwargs[each]
        for each in self.__kwargs__:
            args[each] = self.__kwargs__[each]
        return conf_helps.recurrent_group(
            name=self.name, in_args_converter=in_args_converter, **args)


class MixedLayerV2(Layer):
    """
    This class is use to support `with` grammar. If not, the following code
    could convert mixed_layer simply.

        mixed = __convert_to_v2__(
            'mixed_layer', name_prefix='mixed', parent_names=['input'])
    """

    class AddToSealedMixedLayerExceptionV2(Exception):
        pass

    def __init__(self,
                 size=0,
                 input=None,
                 name=None,
                 act=None,
                 bias_attr=None,
                 layer_attr=None):
        self.__method_name__ = 'mixed_layer'
        self.finalized = False
        self.__inputs__ = []
        if input is not None:
            self.__inputs__ = input

        other_kwargs = dict()
        other_kwargs['name'] = name
        other_kwargs['size'] = size
        other_kwargs['act'] = act
        other_kwargs['bias_attr'] = bias_attr
        other_kwargs['layer_attr'] = layer_attr

        parent_layers = {"input": self.__inputs__}
        super(MixedLayerV2, self).__init__(name, parent_layers)
        self.__other_kwargs__ = other_kwargs

    def __iadd__(self, other):
        if not self.finalized:
            self.__inputs__.append(other)
            return self
        else:
            raise MixedLayerTypeV2.AddToSealedMixedLayerExceptionV2()

    def __enter__(self):
        assert len(self.__inputs__) == 0
        return self

    def __exit__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.finalized = True

    def to_proto_impl(self, **kwargs):
        args = dict()
        for each in kwargs:
            args[each] = kwargs[each]
        for each in self.__other_kwargs__:
            args[each] = self.__other_kwargs__[each]
        return getattr(conf_helps, self.__method_name__)(**args)


@wrap_name_default("mixed")
@wrap_act_default(act=activation.Linear())
@wrap_bias_attr_default(has_bias=False)
@layer_support(conf_helps.layers.ERROR_CLIPPING, conf_helps.layers.DROPOUT)
def mixed(size=0,
          name=None,
          input=None,
          act=None,
          bias_attr=False,
          layer_attr=None):
    return MixedLayerV2(size, input, name, act, bias_attr, layer_attr)


LayerV2 = Layer
data = DataLayerV2
AggregateLevel = conf_helps.layers.AggregateLevel
ExpandLevel = conf_helps.layers.ExpandLevel
recurrent_group = RecurrentGroupV2
memory = MemoryV2

layer_list = [
    # [V2LayerImpl, V1_method_name, parent_names]
    # fully connected layers
    ['fc', 'fc_layer', ['input']],
    ['embedding', 'embedding_layer', ['input']],
    # conv layers
    ['conv_shift', 'conv_shift_layer', ['a', 'b']],
    ['img_conv', 'img_conv_layer', ['input']],
    # image pooling layers
    ['img_pool', 'img_pool_layer', ['input']],
    ['spp', 'spp_layer', ['input']],
    ['maxout', 'maxout_layer', ['input']],
    # norm layers
    ['img_cmrnorm', 'img_cmrnorm_layer', ['input']],
    ['batch_norm', 'batch_norm_layer', ['input']],
    ['sum_to_one_norm', 'sum_to_one_norm_layer', ['input']],
    # recurrent layers
    ['recurrent', 'recurrent_layer', ['input']],
    ['lstmemory', 'lstmemory', ['input']],
    ['grumemory', 'grumemory', ['input']],
    # aggregate layers
    ['pool', 'pooling_layer', ['input']],
    ['last_seq', 'last_seq', ['input']],
    ['first_seq', 'first_seq', ['input']],
    ['concat', 'concat_layer', ['input']],
    ['seq_concat', 'seq_concat_layer', ['a', 'b']],
    # reshaping layers
    ['block_expand', 'block_expand_layer', ['input']],
    ['expand', 'expand_layer', ['input', 'expand_as']],
    ['repeat', 'repeat_layer', ['input']],
    ['rotate', 'rotate_layer', ['input']],
    ['seq_reshape', 'seq_reshape_layer', ['input']],
    # math layers
    ['addto', 'addto_layer', ['input']],
    ['linear_comb', 'linear_comb_layer', ['weights', 'vectors']],
    ['interpolation', 'interpolation_layer', ['input', 'weight']],
    ['bilinear_interp', 'bilinear_interp_layer', ['input']],
    ['power', 'power_layer', ['input', 'weight']],
    ['scaling', 'scaling_layer', ['input', 'weight']],
    ['slope_intercept', 'slope_intercept_layer', ['input']],
    ['tensor', 'tensor_layer', ['a', 'b']],
    ['cos_sim', 'cos_sim', ['a', 'b']],
    ['trans', 'trans_layer', ['input']],
    # sampling layers
    ['max_id', 'maxid_layer', ['input']],
    ['sampling_id', 'sampling_id_layer', ['input']],
    # slicing and joining layers
    ['pad', 'pad_layer', ['input']],
    # cost layers
    [
        'classification_cost', 'classification_cost',
        ['input', 'label', 'weight']
    ],
    ['regression_cost', 'regression_cost', ['input', 'label', 'weight']],
    ['cross_entropy_cost', 'cross_entropy', ['input', 'label']],
    [
        'cross_entropy_with_selfnorm_cost', 'cross_entropy_with_selfnorm',
        ['input', 'label']
    ],
    [
        'multi_binary_label_cross_entropy_cost',
        'multi_binary_label_cross_entropy', ['input', 'label']
    ],
    ['rank_cost', 'rank_cost', ['left', 'right', 'label', 'weight']],
    ['lambda_cost', 'lambda_cost', ['input', 'score']],
    ['sum_cost', 'sum_cost', ['input']],
    ['huber_cost', 'huber_cost', ['input', 'label']],
    ['crf', 'crf_layer', ['input', 'label']],
    ['crf_decoding', 'crf_decoding_layer', ['input']],
    ['ctc', 'ctc_layer', ['input', 'label']],
    ['warp_ctc', 'warp_ctc_layer', ['input', 'label']],
    ['nce', 'nce_layer', ['input', 'label']],
    ['hsigmoid', 'hsigmoid', ['input', 'label']],
    # check layers
    ['eos', 'eos_layer', ['input']],
    ['gru_step_layer', 'gru_step_layer', ['input', 'output_mem']]
]
for l in layer_list:
    globals()[l[0]] = __convert_to_v2__(l[1], l[2])

# convert projection
for prj in __projection_names__:
    globals()[prj] = __convert_to_v2__(
        prj, parent_names=['input'], is_default_name=False)

# convert operator
operator_list = [
    # [V1_method_name, parent_names],
    ['dotmul_operator', ['a', 'b']],
    ['conv_operator', ['img', 'filter']]
]
for op in operator_list:
    globals()[op[0]] = __convert_to_v2__(
        op[0], parent_names=op[1], is_default_name=False)