op_test.py

#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

import unittest
import numpy as np
import random
import time
import itertools
import collections

import paddle.fluid as fluid
import paddle.fluid.core as core
from paddle.fluid.backward import append_backward
from paddle.fluid.op import Operator
from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, OpProtoHolder, Variable
from testsuite import create_op, set_input, append_input_output, append_loss_ops


def randomize_probability(batch_size, class_num, dtype='float32'):
    prob = np.random.uniform(
        0.1, 1.0, size=(batch_size, class_num)).astype(dtype)
    prob_sum = prob.sum(axis=1)
    for i in xrange(len(prob)):
        prob[i] /= prob_sum[i]
    return prob


def get_numeric_gradient(place,
                         scope,
                         op,
                         inputs,
                         input_to_check,
                         output_names,
                         delta=0.005,
                         in_place=False):
    # FIXME: change this method by compile time concepts
    set_input(scope, op, inputs, place)

    def product(dim):
        return reduce(lambda a, b: a * b, dim, 1)

    def get_output():
        sum = []
        for output_name in output_names:
            op.run(scope, place)
            sum.append(
                np.array(scope.find_var(output_name).get_tensor()).mean())
        return np.array(sum).mean()

    tensor_to_check = scope.find_var(input_to_check).get_tensor()
    tensor_size = product(tensor_to_check.shape())
    tensor_to_check_dtype = tensor_to_check._dtype()
    if tensor_to_check_dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32:
        tensor_to_check_dtype = np.float32
    elif tensor_to_check_dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP64:
        tensor_to_check_dtype = np.float64
    elif tensor_to_check_dtype == core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16:
        tensor_to_check_dtype = np.float16
        # set delta as np.float16, will automatic convert to float32, float64
        delta = np.array(delta).astype(np.float16)
    else:
        raise ValueError("Not supported data type " + str(
            tensor_to_check_dtype))

    gradient_flat = np.zeros(shape=(tensor_size, ), dtype=tensor_to_check_dtype)

    def __get_elem__(tensor, i):
        if tensor_to_check_dtype == np.float16:
            numpy_tensor = np.array(tensor).astype(np.float16)
            numpy_tensor = numpy_tensor.flatten()
            return numpy_tensor[i]
        elif tensor_to_check_dtype == np.float32:
            return tensor._get_float_element(i)
        else:
            return tensor._get_double_element(i)

    def __set_elem__(tensor, i, e):
        if tensor_to_check_dtype == np.float16:
            numpy_tensor = np.array(tensor).astype(np.float16)
            shape = numpy_tensor.shape
            numpy_tensor = numpy_tensor.flatten()
            numpy_tensor[i] = e
            numpy_tensor = numpy_tensor.reshape(shape).view(np.uint16)
            tensor.set(numpy_tensor, place)
        elif tensor_to_check_dtype == np.float32:
            tensor._set_float_element(i, e)
        else:
            tensor._set_double_element(i, e)

    # we only compute gradient of one element each time.
    # we use a for loop to compute the gradient of every element.
    for i in xrange(tensor_size):
        if in_place:
            set_input(scope, op, inputs, place)

        # get one input element throw it's index i.
        origin = __get_elem__(tensor_to_check, i)
        # add delta to it, run op and then get the sum of the result tensor.
        x_pos = origin + delta
        __set_elem__(tensor_to_check, i, x_pos)
        y_pos = get_output()

        if in_place:
            set_input(scope, op, inputs, place)

        x_neg = origin - delta
        __set_elem__(tensor_to_check, i, x_neg)
        y_neg = get_output()

        __set_elem__(tensor_to_check, i, origin)
        gradient_flat[i] = (y_pos - y_neg) / delta / 2

    return gradient_flat.reshape(tensor_to_check.shape())


class OpTest(unittest.TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        '''Fix random seeds to remove randomness from tests'''
        cls._np_rand_state = np.random.get_state()
        cls._py_rand_state = random.getstate()
        cls.call_once = False
        cls.dtype = "float32"
        cls.outputs = {}

        np.random.seed(123)
        random.seed(124)

    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        """Restore random seeds"""
        np.random.set_state(cls._np_rand_state)
        random.setstate(cls._py_rand_state)

    def try_call_once(self, data_type):
        if not self.call_once:
            self.call_once = True
            self.dtype = data_type
            # See the comment of np_dtype_to_fluid_dtype
            # If the input type is uint16, we assume use float16
            # for lodtensor dtype.
            if self.dtype == np.uint16:
                self.dtype == np.float16

    def infer_dtype_from_inputs_outputs(self, inputs, outputs):
        def infer_dtype(numpy_dict):
            assert isinstance(
                numpy_dict,
                dict), "self.inputs, self.outputs must be numpy_dict"
            for var_name, var_value in numpy_dict.iteritems():
                if isinstance(var_value, (np.ndarray, np.generic)):
                    self.try_call_once(var_value.dtype)
                elif isinstance(var_value, (list, tuple)):
                    # the case of self.inputs = {"X": [("x0", x0), ("x1", x1), ("x2", x2)]}
                    if len(var_value) > 1 and isinstance(var_value[1], (
                            np.ndarray, np.generic)):
                        instance = var_value[1]
                        self.try_call_once(instance[1].dtype)
                else:
                    self.try_call_once("float32")

        infer_dtype(inputs)
        infer_dtype(outputs)

    def feed_var(self, input_vars, place):
        feed_map = {}
        for var_name in input_vars:
            if isinstance(input_vars[var_name], list):
                for name, np_value in self.inputs[var_name]:
                    tensor = core.LoDTensor()
                    if isinstance(np_value, tuple):
                        tensor.set(
                            OpTest.np_value_to_fluid_value(np_value[0]), place)
                        tensor.set_recursive_sequence_lengths(np_value[1])
                    else:
                        tensor.set(
                            OpTest.np_value_to_fluid_value(np_value), place)
                    feed_map[name] = tensor
            else:
                tensor = core.LoDTensor()
                if isinstance(self.inputs[var_name], tuple):
                    tensor.set(
                        OpTest.np_value_to_fluid_value(self.inputs[var_name][
                            0]), place)
                    tensor.set_recursive_sequence_lengths(self.inputs[var_name][
                        1])
                else:
                    tensor.set(
                        OpTest.np_value_to_fluid_value(self.inputs[var_name]),
                        place)
                feed_map[var_name] = tensor

        return feed_map

    def _append_ops(self, block):
        op_proto = OpProtoHolder.instance().get_op_proto(self.op_type)
        "infer datatype from inputs and outputs for this test case"
        self.infer_dtype_from_inputs_outputs(self.inputs, self.outputs)
        inputs = append_input_output(block, op_proto, self.inputs, True,
                                     self.dtype)
        outputs = append_input_output(block, op_proto, self.outputs, False,
                                      self.dtype)
        op = block.append_op(
            type=self.op_type,
            inputs=inputs,
            outputs=outputs,
            attrs=self.attrs if hasattr(self, "attrs") else dict())
        # infer variable type and infer shape in compile-time
        op.desc.infer_var_type(block.desc)
        op.desc.infer_shape(block.desc)

    def _get_io_vars(self, block, numpy_inputs):
        inputs = {}
        for name, value in numpy_inputs.iteritems():
            if isinstance(value, list):
                var_list = [
                    block.var(sub_name) for sub_name, sub_value in value
                ]
                inputs[name] = var_list
            else:
                inputs[name] = block.var(name)
        return inputs

    def _get_inputs(self, block):
        return self._get_io_vars(block, self.inputs)

    def _get_outputs(self, block):
        return self._get_io_vars(block, self.outputs)

    def calc_output(self, place):
        outs, _ = self._calc_output(place)
        return outs

    def _calc_output(self, place, parallel=False):

        program = Program()
        block = program.global_block()
        self._append_ops(block)

        inputs = self._get_inputs(block)
        outputs = self._get_outputs(block)
        feed_map = self.feed_var(inputs, place)

        if parallel:
            use_cuda = False
            if isinstance(place, fluid.CUDAPlace(0)):
                use_cuda = True
            executor = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
                use_cuda=use_cuda, loss_name=loss.name, main_program=program)
        else:
            executor = Executor(place)

        fetch_list = getattr(self, "fetch_list", [])
        # if the fetch_list is customized by user, we use it directly.
        # if not, fill the fetch_list by the user configured outputs in test.
        if len(fetch_list) == 0:
            for var_name, var in outputs.iteritems():
                if isinstance(var, list):
                    for v in var:
                        fetch_list.append(v)
                else:
                    fetch_list.append(var)
        # if the fetch_list still empty, fill the fetch_list by the operator output.
        if len(fetch_list) == 0:
            for out_name, out_dup in Operator.get_op_outputs(self.op_type):
                fetch_list.append(str(out_name))
        # fetch_list = map(block.var, fetch_list)
        if not isinstance(fetch_list[0], fluid.framework.Variable):
            fetch_list = map(block.var, fetch_list)
        outs = executor.run(program,
                            feed=feed_map,
                            fetch_list=fetch_list,
                            return_numpy=False)
        return outs, fetch_list

    def check_output_with_place(self, place, atol):
        outs, fetch_list = self._calc_output(place)
        for out_name, out_dup in Operator.get_op_outputs(self.op_type):
            if out_name not in self.outputs:
                continue

            def find_actual(target_name, fetch_list):
                found = [
                    i for i, var in enumerate(fetch_list)
                    if var.name == target_name
                ]
                self.assertTrue(
                    len(found) == 1, "Found {} {}".format(
                        len(found), target_name))
                return found[0]

            if out_dup:
                sub_out = self.outputs[out_name]
                if not isinstance(sub_out, list):
                    raise AssertionError("sub_out type %s is not list",
                                         type(sub_out))
                for item in sub_out:
                    sub_out_name, expect = item[0], item[1]
                    idx = find_actual(sub_out_name, fetch_list)
                    actual = outs[idx]
                    actual_t = np.array(actual)
                    expect_t = expect[0] \
                        if isinstance(expect, tuple) else expect
                    self.assertTrue(
                        np.allclose(
                            actual_t, expect_t, atol=atol),
                        "Output (" + sub_out_name + ") has diff at " +
                        str(place))
                    if isinstance(expect, tuple):
                        self.assertListEqual(
                            actual.recursive_sequence_lengths(), expect[1],
                            "Output (" + sub_out_name +
                            ") has different lod at " + str(place))
            else:
                idx = find_actual(out_name, fetch_list)
                actual = outs[idx]
                actual_t = np.array(actual)
                expect = self.outputs[out_name]
                expect_t = expect[0] if isinstance(expect, tuple) else expect
                self.assertTrue(
                    np.allclose(
                        actual_t, expect_t, atol=atol),
                    "Output (" + out_name + ") has diff at " + str(place) +
                    "\nExpect " + str(expect_t) + "\n" + "But Got" +
                    str(actual_t))
                if isinstance(expect, tuple):
                    self.assertListEqual(actual.recursive_sequence_lengths(),
                                         expect[1], "Output (" + out_name +
                                         ") has different lod at " + str(place))

    def _get_places(self):
        if self.dtype == np.float16:
            if core.is_compiled_with_cuda() and core.op_support_gpu(
                    self.op_type):
                place = core.CUDAPlace(0)
                if core.is_float16_supported(place):
                    return [place]
            else:
                return []
        places = [fluid.CPUPlace()]
        if core.is_compiled_with_cuda() and core.op_support_gpu(self.op_type):
            places.append(core.CUDAPlace(0))
        return places

    def check_output(self, atol=1e-5):
        places = self._get_places()
        for place in places:
            self.check_output_with_place(place, atol)

    def check_output_customized(self, checker):
        places = self._get_places()
        for place in places:
            outs = self.calc_output(place)
            outs = [np.array(out) for out in outs]
            checker(outs)

    def __assert_is_close(self, numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names,
                          max_relative_error, msg_prefix):

        for a, b, name in itertools.izip(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names):
            abs_a = np.abs(a)
            abs_a[abs_a < 1e-3] = 1

            diff_mat = np.abs(a - b) / abs_a
            max_diff = np.max(diff_mat)

            def err_msg():
                offset = np.argmax(diff_mat > max_relative_error)
                return ("%s Variable %s max gradient diff %f over limit %f, "
                        "the first error element is %d, expected %f, but got %f"
                        ) % (msg_prefix, name, max_diff, max_relative_error,
                             offset, a.flatten()[offset], b.flatten()[offset])

            self.assertLessEqual(max_diff, max_relative_error, err_msg())

    def check_grad(self,
                   inputs_to_check,
                   output_names,
                   no_grad_set=None,
                   numeric_grad_delta=0.005,
                   in_place=False,
                   max_relative_error=0.005,
                   user_defined_grads=None):
        places = self._get_places()
        for place in places:
            self.check_grad_with_place(place, inputs_to_check, output_names,
                                       no_grad_set, numeric_grad_delta,
                                       in_place, max_relative_error,
                                       user_defined_grads)

    def check_grad_with_place(self,
                              place,
                              inputs_to_check,
                              output_names,
                              no_grad_set=None,
                              numeric_grad_delta=0.005,
                              in_place=False,
                              max_relative_error=0.005,
                              user_defined_grads=None):
        self.scope = core.Scope()
        op_inputs = self.inputs if hasattr(self, "inputs") else dict()
        op_outputs = self.outputs if hasattr(self, "outputs") else dict()
        op_attrs = self.attrs if hasattr(self, "attrs") else dict()
        self.op = create_op(self.scope, self.op_type, op_inputs, op_outputs,
                            op_attrs)

        if no_grad_set is None:
            no_grad_set = set()

        if not type(output_names) is list:
            output_names = [output_names]

        numeric_grads = user_defined_grads or [
            get_numeric_gradient(
                place,
                self.scope,
                self.op,
                self.inputs,
                input_to_check,
                output_names,
                delta=numeric_grad_delta,
                in_place=in_place) for input_to_check in inputs_to_check
        ]
        analytic_grads = self._get_gradient(inputs_to_check, place,
                                            output_names, no_grad_set)

        self.__assert_is_close(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, inputs_to_check,
                               max_relative_error,
                               "Gradient Check On %s" % str(place))

    @staticmethod
    def _numpy_to_lod_tensor(np_value, lod, place):
        tensor = core.LoDTensor()
        tensor.set(np_value, place)
        if lod is not None:
            tensor.set_recursive_sequence_lengths(lod)
        return tensor

    @staticmethod
    def np_dtype_to_fluid_dtype(input):
        """Change the dtype of float16 numpy array

        numpy float16 is binded to paddle::platform::float16
        in tensor_py.h via the help of uint16 data type since
        the internal memory representation of float16 is
        uint16_t in paddle and np.uint16 in numpy, which are
        themselves binded together by pybind.

        Args:
            input: input numpy array

        Returns:
            input: The dtype of input will be changed to np.uint16 if
                it is originally np.float16, such that the internal memory
                of input will be reinterpreted as of dtype np.uint16.
        """
        if input.dtype == np.float16:
            input.dtype = np.uint16
        return input

    @staticmethod
    def fluid_dtype_to_np_dtype(self, dtype):
        """
        See above, convert the dtype to normal type.
        """
        if dtype == np.uint16:
            dtype = np.float16
        return dtype

    @staticmethod
    def np_value_to_fluid_value(input):
        if input.dtype == np.float16:
            input = input.view(np.uint16)
        return input

    def _get_gradient(self,
                      input_to_check,
                      place,
                      output_names,
                      no_grad_set,
                      parallel=False):
        prog = Program()
        block = prog.global_block()
        self._append_ops(block)
        loss = append_loss_ops(block, output_names)
        param_grad_list = append_backward(
            loss=loss, parameter_list=input_to_check, no_grad_set=no_grad_set)

        inputs = self._get_inputs(block)
        feed_dict = self.feed_var(inputs, place)

        fetch_list = [g for p, g in param_grad_list]
        if parallel:
            use_cuda = False
            if isinstance(place, fluid.CUDAPlace(0)):
                use_cuda = True
            executor = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
                use_cuda=use_cuda, loss_name=loss.name, main_program=prog)
        else:
            executor = Executor(place)
        return map(np.array,
                   executor.run(prog, feed_dict, fetch_list,
                                return_numpy=False))