fix

blog/laravel/index.md

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 - 链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Y_o3RdUEsrj6tHchMwY3Mg 
 - 提取码：f4qz
 
+其他课程：https://www.ycku.com/
+
 配置 Makefile 文件
 
 ```bash
@@ -25,3 +27,10 @@ dev:
 [表单伪造和 CSRF 保护](blog/laravel/csrf.md)
 
 [数据库](blog/laravel/database.md)
+
+[构造器的查询](blog/laravel/sql-builder.md)
+
+[构造器的增删改](blog/laravel/sql-builder-modify.md)
+
+[模型的定义](blog/laravel/model.md)
+

blog/laravel/model.md

+## 模型的定义
+
+创建了一个User.php模型
+
+```bash
+php8 artisan make:model User
+```
+
+```php
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+
+class User extends Model
+{
+    use HasFactory;
+
+    // 表名
+    protected $table = 'user';
+
+    // 默认主键
+    protected $primaryKey = 'id';
+
+    // 默认主键自增
+    public $incrementing = true;
+
+    // 默认主键类型为int
+    protected $keyType = 'int';
+
+    // 默认处理created_at和updated_at两个时间戳
+    public $timestamps = true;
+
+    // 自定义时间戳的格式
+    protected $dateFormat = 'U';
+
+    // 创建时间 created_at 字段名
+    const CREATED_AT = 'create_time';
+
+    // 更新时间 updated_at字段名
+    const UPDATED_AT = 'update_time';
+
+    // 默认数据库连接
+    protected $connection = 'mysql';
+}
+
+```
+
+安装代码提示插件
+
+https://github.com/barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper
+
+```bash
+composer8 require --dev barryvdh/laravel-ide-helper
+
+# 为 Facades 生成注释 php
+php8 artisan ide-helper:generate 
+
+# 为数据模型生成注释
+php8 artisan ide-helper:models
+
+# 生成 PhpStorm Meta file
+php8 artisan ide-helper:meta
+```
+
+模型的数据库操作和查询构造器大体相同
+
+```php
+// 查询所有记录
+User::get();
+// select * from `user`
+```
+
+https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1gE411j78F?p=18&spm_id_from=pageDriver&vd_source=efbb4dc944fa761b6e016ce2ca5933da
\ No newline at end of file

blog/laravel/sql-builder-modify.md

+# 构造器的增删改
+
+## 新增
+
+```php
+//新增一条记录
+DB::table('user')->insert([ 
+    'name' => '曹操', 
+]);
+// insert into `user` (`name`) values (?)
+
+//新增多条记录 
+DB::table('user')->insert([
+    ['name' => '刘备'],
+    ['name' => '关羽'],
+    ['name' => '张飞']
+]);
+// insert into `user` (`name`) values (?), (?), (?)
+
+// 忽略重复新增数据的错误 
+DB::table('user')->insertOrIgnore([
+    'id'        => 1,
+    'name'  => '李白'
+]);
+// insert ignore into `user` (`id`, `name`) values (?, ?)
+
+//获取新增后返回的 ID
+$id = DB::table('user')->insertGetId([
+    'name' => '李白'
+]);
+// insert into `user` (`name`) values (?)
+
+```
+
+## 更新
+
+```php
+//更新修改一条数据 
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 10)
+    ->update([
+        'name' => '李红',
+    ]);
+// update `user` set `name` = ? where `id` = ?
+
+//参数 1:修改的条件
+//参数 2:修改的内容(新增的内容) 
+DB::table('user')->updateOrInsert(
+    ['id'=>11],
+    ['name'=>'李黑']
+);
+// select exists(select * from `user` where (`id` = ?)) as `exists`
+// 不存在
+// insert into `user` (`id`, `name`) values (?, ?)
+// 存在
+// update `user` set `name` = ? where (`id` = ?) limit 1
+
+//新增时，转换为 json 数据
+DB::table('user')->insert([
+    'name' => json_encode(['age'=>19, 'name'=>'孙权'], JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE)
+]);
+
+//修改时，使用 object->id 指定
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 13)
+->update([
+    'name->age' => 20
+]);
+// update `user` set `name` = json_set(`name`, '$."age"', ?) where `id` = ?
+
+//默认自增/自减为 1，可设置
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 1)->increment('age'); 
+// update `user` set `age` = `age` + 1 where `id` = ?
+
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 2)->decrement('age', 2);
+// update `user` set `age` = `age` - 2 where `id` = ?
+```
+
+## 删除
+```php
+// 删除一条数据
+DB::table('user')->delete(1); 
+// delete from `user` where `user`.`id` = ?
+
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 2)->delete();
+// delete from `user` where `id` = ?
+
+// 清空 
+DB::table('user')->delete(); 
+// delete from `user`
+
+DB::table('user')->truncate();
+// truncate table `user`
+```
\ No newline at end of file

blog/laravel/sql-builder.md

+# 构造器的查询
+
+打印执行SQL
+```php
+DB::listen(function($query) {
+    $sql = $query->sql;
+    $bindings = $query->bindings;
+    Log::info('sql: ' . $sql);
+    Log::info('params: ' . json_encode($bindings, JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE));
+});
+```
+
+查询示例
+
+```php
+//获取全部结果
+DB::table('user')->get();
+// select * from `user`
+
+ //获取第一条数据
+DB::table('user')->first();
+// select * from `user` limit 1
+
+//获取第一条数据的 email 字段值
+DB::table('user')->value('name');
+// select `name` from `user` limit 1
+
+ //通过 id 获取指定一条数据
+DB::table('user')->find(20);
+// select * from `user` where `id` = ? limit 1
+
+//获取单列值的集合
+DB::table('user')->pluck('name');
+// select `name` from `user`
+
+//获取单列值的集合(value, key)
+DB::table('user')->pluck('name', 'id');
+// select `name`, `id` from `user`
+```
+
+分块
+
+```php
+//切割分块执行，每次读取 3 条，id 排序; 
+DB::table('user')->orderBy('id')->chunk(3, function ($users) {
+        foreach ($users as $user) {
+        echo $user->name;
+    }
+});
+// select * from `user` order by `id` asc limit 3 offset 0
+// select * from `user` order by `id` asc limit 3 offset 3
+```
+
+聚合查询
+
+```php
+DB::table('user')->count(); 
+// select count(*) as aggregate from `user`
+
+DB::table('user')->max('id'); 
+// select max(`id`) as aggregate from `user`
+
+DB::table('user')->min('id');
+// select min(`id`) as aggregate from `user`
+
+DB::table('user')->avg('id');
+// select avg(`id`) as aggregate from `user`
+
+DB::table('user')->sum('id');
+// select sum(`id`) as aggregate from `user`
+```
+
+判断是否存在
+```php 
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 1)->exists();
+// select exists(select * from `user` where `id` = ?) as `exists`
+
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 18)->doesntExist();
+// select exists(select * from `user` where `id` = ?) as `exists`
+```
+
+## 查询表达式
+
+1、select 查询
+```php
+// 设置显示的列，设置列别名
+DB::table('user')->select('name as username', 'id')->get();
+// select `name` as `username`, `id` from `user`
+
+// 给已经构建好的查询添加更多字段
+$query = DB::table('user')->select('name as username', 'id');
+$query->addSelect('create_time')->get();
+// select `name` as `username`, `id`, `create_time` from `user`
+
+// 结合原生 SQL 实现复杂查询
+DB::table('user')->select(DB::raw('COUNT(*) AS count, name'))
+    ->groupBy('name')
+    ->get();
+// select COUNT(*) AS count, name from `user` group by `name`
+
+// 或者直接使用 selectRaw()方法实现原生
+DB::table('user')->selectRaw('COUNT(*) AS count, name')
+           ->groupBy('name')
+           ->get();
+// select COUNT(*) AS count, name from `user` group by `name`
+
+//使用 havingRaw 方法实现分组筛选
+DB::table('user')->selectRaw('COUNT(*) AS count, name')
+           ->groupBy('name')
+           ->havingRaw('count>1')
+           ->get();
+// select COUNT(*) AS count, name from `user` group by `name` having count>1
+```
+
+## where 查询
+```php
+// where 查询完整形式
+DB::table('user')->where('id', '=', 19)->get();
+// select * from `user` where `id` = ?
+
+// 可以省略掉=号参数
+DB::table('user')->where('id', 19)->get();
+// select * from `user` where `id` = ?
+
+DB::table('user')->where('id', '>=', 3)->get();
+// select * from `user` where `id` >= ?
+
+DB::table('user')->where('name', 'like', '%小%')->get();
+// select * from `user` where `name` like ?
+
+// 用数组来分别添加条件
+// 查看 SQL 语句用->toSql()替换->get()
+DB::table('user')->where([
+    'id'  => 90,
+    'name' => 'Tom' 
+    ])->get();
+// select * from `user` where (`id` = ? and `name` = ?)
+
+// 如果条件非等于 
+DB::table('user')->where([
+    ['id', '>=', 90],
+    ['name', '=', 'Tom'] ]
+    )->get();
+// select * from `user` where (`id` >= ? and `name` = ?)
+```
+
+## where 派生查询
+
+```php
+// where() + orWhere实现or条件查询
+DB::table('user')->where('id', '>', 5)
+    ->orWhere('name', 'Tom')
+    ->get();
+// select * from `user` where `id` > ? or `name` = ?
+
+//orWhere()结合闭包查询 
+$users = DB::table('users')
+     ->where('price', '>', '95')->orWhere(function ($query) {      
+        $query->where('gender', '女')
+            ->where('username','like','%小%');
+})->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where `price` > ? or (`gender` = ? and `username` like ?)
+
+// whereBetween 查询区间价格 60~90 之间
+$users = DB::table('users')->whereBetween('price', [60, 90])->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where `price` between ? and ?
+// PS:这里还支持相关三种:
+// whereNotBetween/orWhereBetween/orWhereNotBetween;
+
+// whereIn 查询数组里匹配的数值
+$users = DB::table('users')->whereIn('id', [20,30,50])->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where `id` in (?, ?, ?)
+// PS:这里还支持相关三种:
+// whereNotIn/orWhereIn/orWhereNotIn;
+
+//whereNull 查询字段值为 Null 的记录
+$users = DB::table('users')->whereNull('uid')->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where `uid` is null
+// PS:这里还支持相关三种:
+// whereNotNull/orWhereNull/orWhereNotNull;
+
+
+// whereYear 查询指定日期的记录，或大于
+$users = DB::table('users')->whereDate('create_time', '2018-12-11')->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where date(`create_time`) = ?
+         
+// PS:这里还支持相关四种:
+// whereYear/whereMonth/whereDay/whereTime，支持 or 前缀; 
+// PS:三个参数支持大于小于之类的操作 orWhereDate('create_time','>', '2018-12-11')
+```
+
+## 排序分组
+
+```php
+//判断两个相等的字段，同样支持 orWhereColumn() //支持符号'create_time','>', 'update_time' //支持符号支持数组多个字段格式['create_time','>', 'update_time'] 
+DB::table('user')
+    ->whereColumn('create_time', 'update_time')
+    ->get();
+// select * from `user` where `create_time` = `update_time`
+
+//支持 orderByRaw 和 orderByDesc 倒序方法
+DB::table('user')
+           ->orderBy('id', 'desc')
+           ->get();
+// select * from `user` order by `id` desc
+
+// 按照创建时间倒序排，默认字段 created_at
+DB::table('user')->latest('create_time')->toSql();
+// select * from `user` order by `create_time` desc
+
+//随机排序
+DB::table('user')->inRandomOrder()->get();
+// select * from `user` order by RAND()
+
+//从第 3 条开始，显示 3 条
+DB::table('user')->skip(2)->take(3)->toSql(); 
+// select * from `user` limit 3 offset 2
+DB::table('user')->offset(2)->limit(3)->get();
+// select * from `user` limit 3 offset 2
+
+//when 实现条件选择
+DB::table('user')->when(true, 
+    function ($query) {
+        $query->where('id', 19); 
+    }, 
+    function ($query) {
+        $query->where('name', 'Tom'); 
+    }
+)->get();
+
+// true: select * from `user` where `id` = ?
+// false: select * from `user` where `name` = ?
+
+// 如果MySQL在5.7+，有支持JSON数据的新特性;
+DB::table('user')->where('list->id', 19)->first();
+// select * from `user` where json_unquote(json_extract(`list`, '$."id"')) = 19 limit 1
+```
+
+## 子查询
+
+```php
+//通过 books 表数据，查询到 users 表关联的所有用户
+DB::table('users')->whereExists(function ($query) {
+    $query->selectRaw(1) ->from('books')
+         ->whereRaw('laravel_books.user_id = laravel_users.id');
+})->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where exists (select 1 from `books` where laravel_books.user_id = laravel_users.id)
+
+//whereRaw 这句也可以替代为:whereColumn('books.user_id','users.id');
+// PS:select 1 from，一般用于子查询的手段，目的是减少开销，提升效率
+
+//id=子查询返回的 user_id
+DB::table('users')->where('id', function ($query) {
+    $query->select('user_id')
+       ->from('books')
+       ->whereColumn('books.user_id','users.id');
+})->toSql();
+// select * from `users` where `id` = (select `user_id` from `books` where `books`.`user_id` = `users`.`id`)
+```
+
+## join 查询
+
+```php
+// join实现内联接的多表查询
+$sql = DB::table('users')
+    ->join('books', 'users.id', '=', 'books.user_id') 
+    ->join('profiles', 'users.id', '=', 'profiles.user_id')
+    ->select('users.id', 'users.username', 'users.email','books.title', 'profiles.hobby')
+     ->toSql();
+// select `users`.`id`, `users`.`username`, `users`.`email`, `books`.`title`, `profiles`.`hobby` 
+// from `users` inner join `books` on `users`.`id` = `books`.`user_id` 
+// inner join `profiles` on `users`.`id` = `profiles`.`user_id`
+
+// 使用leftjoin左连接或rightjoin右连接
+$sql = DB::table('users')
+    ->leftJoin('books', 'users.id', '=', 'books.user_id') 
+    ->rightjoin('profiles', 'users.id', '=', 'profiles.user_id')
+    ->toSql();
+// select * from `users` 
+// left join `books` on `users`.`id` = `books`.`user_id` 
+// right join `profiles` on `users`.`id` = `profiles`.`user_id`
+
+// crossjoin交叉连接查询，会生成笛卡尔积，再用distinct()取消重复
+DB::table('users') ->crossJoin('books')
+       ->select('username', 'email')
+       ->distinct()
+       ->toSql();
+// select distinct `username`, `email` 
+// from `users` cross join `books`
+
+// 实现闭包查询，和where类似，只不过要用on和orOn方法
+DB::table('users') ->join('books', function ($join) {
+        //支持 orOn 连缀
+        $join->on('users.id', '=', 'books.user_id');
+    })->toSql();
+
+// select * from `users` 
+// inner join `books` on `users`.`id` = `books`.`user_id`
+
+// joinSub实现子连接查询
+$query = DB::table('books')->selectRaw('user_id,title');
+$users = DB::table('users')->joinSub($query,'books', function ($join) {
+    $join->on('users.id', '=', 'books.user_id');
+})->toSql();
+// select * from `users` 
+// inner join (select user_id,title from `books`) as `books` 
+// on `users`.`id` = `books`.`user_id`
+
+// union()或unionAll()方法实现两个查询的合并操作
+//union 取消重复，unionAll 不取消重复 
+$query = DB::table('users'); 
+$users = DB::table('users')
+           ->union($query)
+           ->get();
+// (select * from `users`) union (select * from `users`)
+```

index.html

@@ -5,19 +5,29 @@
     <meta charset="UTF-8">
     <title>Coding Tree</title>
 
-    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible"
-          content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
-    <meta name="description"
-          content="编程学习路上的笔记与知识整理收集">
+    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
+    <meta name="description" content="编程学习路上的笔记与知识整理收集">
     <meta name="viewport"
         content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, minimum-scale=1.0">
-    <link rel="icon"
-          href="img/logo-icon.png">
+    <link rel="icon" href="img/logo-icon.png">
 
-    <link rel="stylesheet"
-          href="static/js/vue@4.12.2.min.css">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/js/vue@4.12.2.min.css">
 
     <style>
+        /* 文字大小 */
+        body {
+            font-size: 16px;
+        }
+
+        /* 代码区域文字大小 */
+        .markdown-section>:not(h1):not(h2):not(h3):not(h4):not(h5):not(h6) code {
+            font-size: 0.9rem;
+        }
+
+        .sidebar ul li a {
+            font-size: 16px;
+        }
+
         :root {
             --toc-width: 300px;
         }
@@ -63,8 +73,6 @@
         .page_toc:hover::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
             background: hsla(0, 0%, 53.3%, .1)
         }
-
-       
     </style>
 </head>
 
@@ -128,8 +136,7 @@
     <!-- 下载地址 -->
     <!-- https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/prismjs@1/components/prism-python.min.js -->
 
-    <link rel="stylesheet"
-          href="static/js/toc.css">
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="static/js/toc.css">
     <script src="static/js/toc.js"></script>
 </body>