diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 65fbbb481c432f7b905f4dec7ea39c51ec853ae8..0b7870cde52521598423380d3de3da29cfa98bbd 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ find_package(NumPy REQUIRED)
 find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
 find_package(AVX QUIET)
 find_package(Glog REQUIRED)
-find_package(Gflags REQUIRED)
+find_package(gflags REQUIRED)
 find_package(GTest)
 find_package(Sphinx)
 find_package(Doxygen)
diff --git a/cmake/FindGflags.cmake b/cmake/FindGflags.cmake
deleted file mode 100644
index 6587089ba382dc09195298b486da6630f2df236b..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/cmake/FindGflags.cmake
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,582 +0,0 @@
-# Ceres Solver - A fast non-linear least squares minimizer
-# Copyright 2015 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
-# http://ceres-solver.org/
-#
-# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
-#
-# * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
-#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-# * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
-#   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
-#   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-# * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its contributors may be
-#   used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
-#   specific prior written permission.
-#
-# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
-# AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
-# IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
-# ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
-# LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
-# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
-# SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
-# INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
-# CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
-# ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
-# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-#
-# Author: alexs.mac@gmail.com (Alex Stewart)
-#
-
-# FindGflags.cmake - Find Google gflags logging library.
-#
-# This module will attempt to find gflags, either via an exported CMake
-# configuration (generated by gflags >= 2.1 which are built with CMake), or
-# by performing a standard search for all gflags components.  The order of
-# precedence for these two methods of finding gflags is controlled by:
-# GFLAGS_PREFER_EXPORTED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION.
-#
-# This module defines the following variables:
-#
-# GFLAGS_FOUND: TRUE iff gflags is found.
-# GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIRS: Include directories for gflags.
-# GFLAGS_LIBRARIES: Libraries required to link gflags.
-# GFLAGS_NAMESPACE: The namespace in which gflags is defined.  In versions of
-#                   gflags < 2.1, this was google, for versions >= 2.1 it is
-#                   by default gflags, although can be configured when building
-#                   gflags to be something else (i.e. google for legacy
-#                   compatibility).
-#
-# The following variables control the behaviour of this module when an exported
-# gflags CMake configuration is not found.
-#
-# GFLAGS_PREFER_EXPORTED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION: TRUE/FALSE, iff TRUE then
-#                           then prefer using an exported CMake configuration
-#                           generated by gflags >= 2.1 over searching for the
-#                           gflags components manually.  Otherwise (FALSE)
-#                           ignore any exported gflags CMake configurations and
-#                           always perform a manual search for the components.
-#                           Default: TRUE iff user does not define this variable
-#                           before we are called, and does NOT specify either
-#                           GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS or GFLAGS_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS
-#                           otherwise FALSE.
-# GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS: List of additional directories in which to
-#                           search for gflags includes, e.g: /timbuktu/include.
-# GFLAGS_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS: List of additional directories in which to
-#                           search for gflags libraries, e.g: /timbuktu/lib.
-#
-# The following variables are also defined by this module, but in line with
-# CMake recommended FindPackage() module style should NOT be referenced directly
-# by callers (use the plural variables detailed above instead).  These variables
-# do however affect the behaviour of the module via FIND_[PATH/LIBRARY]() which
-# are NOT re-called (i.e. search for library is not repeated) if these variables
-# are set with valid values _in the CMake cache_. This means that if these
-# variables are set directly in the cache, either by the user in the CMake GUI,
-# or by the user passing -DVAR=VALUE directives to CMake when called (which
-# explicitly defines a cache variable), then they will be used verbatim,
-# bypassing the HINTS variables and other hard-coded search locations.
-#
-# GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR: Include directory for gflags, not including the
-#                     include directory of any dependencies.
-# GFLAGS_LIBRARY: gflags library, not including the libraries of any
-#                 dependencies.
-
-# Reset CALLERS_CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES to its value when FindGflags was
-# invoked, necessary for MSVC.
-macro(GFLAGS_RESET_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIX)
-  if (MSVC)
-    set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES "${CALLERS_CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES}")
-  endif (MSVC)
-endmacro(GFLAGS_RESET_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIX)
-
-# Called if we failed to find gflags or any of it's required dependencies,
-# unsets all public (designed to be used externally) variables and reports
-# error message at priority depending upon [REQUIRED/QUIET/<NONE>] argument.
-macro(GFLAGS_REPORT_NOT_FOUND REASON_MSG)
-  unset(GFLAGS_FOUND)
-  unset(GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIRS)
-  unset(GFLAGS_LIBRARIES)
-  # Do not use unset, as we want to keep GFLAGS_NAMESPACE in the cache,
-  # but simply clear its value.
-  set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "" CACHE STRING
-    "gflags namespace (google or gflags)" FORCE)
-
-  # Make results of search visible in the CMake GUI if gflags has not
-  # been found so that user does not have to toggle to advanced view.
-  mark_as_advanced(CLEAR GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR
-                         GFLAGS_LIBRARY
-                         GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-
-  gflags_reset_find_library_prefix()
-
-  # Note <package>_FIND_[REQUIRED/QUIETLY] variables defined by FindPackage()
-  # use the camelcase library name, not uppercase.
-  if (Gflags_FIND_QUIETLY)
-    message(STATUS "Failed to find gflags - " ${REASON_MSG} ${ARGN})
-  elseif (Gflags_FIND_REQUIRED)
-    message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to find gflags - " ${REASON_MSG} ${ARGN})
-  else()
-    # Neither QUIETLY nor REQUIRED, use no priority which emits a message
-    # but continues configuration and allows generation.
-    message("-- Failed to find gflags - " ${REASON_MSG} ${ARGN})
-  endif ()
-  return()
-endmacro(GFLAGS_REPORT_NOT_FOUND)
-
-# Verify that all variable names passed as arguments are defined (can be empty
-# but must be defined) or raise a fatal error.
-macro(GFLAGS_CHECK_VARS_DEFINED)
-  foreach(CHECK_VAR ${ARGN})
-    if (NOT DEFINED ${CHECK_VAR})
-      message(FATAL_ERROR "Ceres Bug: ${CHECK_VAR} is not defined.")
-    endif()
-  endforeach()
-endmacro(GFLAGS_CHECK_VARS_DEFINED)
-
-# Use check_cxx_source_compiles() to compile trivial test programs to determine
-# the gflags namespace.  This works on all OSs except Windows.  If using Visual
-# Studio, it fails because msbuild forces check_cxx_source_compiles() to use
-# CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug for the test project, which usually breaks detection
-# because MSVC requires that the test project use the same build type as gflags,
-# which would normally be built in Release.
-#
-# Defines: GFLAGS_NAMESPACE in the caller's scope with the detected namespace,
-#          which is blank (empty string, will test FALSE is CMake conditionals)
-#          if detection failed.
-function(GFLAGS_CHECK_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE_USING_TRY_COMPILE)
-  # Verify that all required variables are defined.
-  gflags_check_vars_defined(
-    GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR GFLAGS_LIBRARY)
-  # Ensure that GFLAGS_NAMESPACE is always unset on completion unless
-  # we explicitly set if after having the correct namespace.
-  set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "" PARENT_SCOPE)
-
-  include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
-  # Setup include path & link library for gflags for CHECK_CXX_SOURCE_COMPILES.
-  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR})
-  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${GFLAGS_LIBRARY} ${GFLAGS_LINK_LIBRARIES})
-  # First try the (older) google namespace.  Note that the output variable
-  # MUST be unique to the build type as otherwise the test is not repeated as
-  # it is assumed to have already been performed.
-  check_cxx_source_compiles(
-    "#include <gflags/gflags.h>
-     int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
-       google::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
-       return 0;
-     }"
-     GFLAGS_IN_GOOGLE_NAMESPACE)
-  if (GFLAGS_IN_GOOGLE_NAMESPACE)
-    set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE google PARENT_SCOPE)
-    return()
-  endif()
-
-  # Try (newer) gflags namespace instead.  Note that the output variable
-  # MUST be unique to the build type as otherwise the test is not repeated as
-  # it is assumed to have already been performed.
-  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR})
-  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES ${GFLAGS_LIBRARY} ${GFLAGS_LINK_LIBRARIES})
-  check_cxx_source_compiles(
-    "#include <gflags/gflags.h>
-     int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
-        gflags::ParseCommandLineFlags(&argc, &argv, true);
-        return 0;
-     }"
-     GFLAGS_IN_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-  if (GFLAGS_IN_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-    set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE gflags PARENT_SCOPE)
-    return()
-  endif (GFLAGS_IN_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-endfunction(GFLAGS_CHECK_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE_USING_TRY_COMPILE)
-
-# Use regex on the gflags headers to attempt to determine the gflags namespace.
-# Checks both gflags.h (contained namespace on versions < 2.1.2) and
-# gflags_declare.h, which contains the namespace on versions >= 2.1.2.
-# In general, this method should only be used when
-# GFLAGS_CHECK_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE_USING_TRY_COMPILE() cannot be used, or has
-# failed.
-#
-# Defines: GFLAGS_NAMESPACE in the caller's scope with the detected namespace,
-#          which is blank (empty string, will test FALSE is CMake conditionals)
-#          if detection failed.
-function(GFLAGS_CHECK_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE_USING_REGEX)
-  # Verify that all required variables are defined.
-  gflags_check_vars_defined(GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR)
-  # Ensure that GFLAGS_NAMESPACE is always undefined on completion unless
-  # we explicitly set if after having the correct namespace.
-  set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "" PARENT_SCOPE)
-
-  # Scan gflags.h to identify what namespace gflags was built with.  On
-  # versions of gflags < 2.1.2, gflags.h was configured with the namespace
-  # directly, on >= 2.1.2, gflags.h uses the GFLAGS_NAMESPACE #define which
-  # is defined in gflags_declare.h, we try each location in turn.
-  set(GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}/gflags/gflags.h)
-  if (NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE})
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Could not find file: ${GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE} "
-      "containing namespace information in gflags install located at: "
-      "${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}.")
-  endif()
-  file(READ ${GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE} GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE_CONTENTS)
-
-  string(REGEX MATCH "namespace [A-Za-z]+"
-    GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE_CONTENTS}")
-  string(REGEX REPLACE "namespace ([A-Za-z]+)" "\\1"
-    GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_NAMESPACE}")
-
-  if (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Failed to extract gflags namespace from header file: "
-      "${GFLAGS_HEADER_FILE}.")
-  endif (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-
-  if (GFLAGS_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "google" OR
-      GFLAGS_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "gflags")
-    # Found valid gflags namespace from gflags.h.
-    set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_NAMESPACE}" PARENT_SCOPE)
-    return()
-  endif()
-
-  # Failed to find gflags namespace from gflags.h, gflags is likely a new
-  # version, check gflags_declare.h, which in newer versions (>= 2.1.2) contains
-  # the GFLAGS_NAMESPACE #define, which is then referenced in gflags.h.
-  set(GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}/gflags/gflags_declare.h)
-  if (NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE})
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Could not find file: ${GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE} "
-      "containing namespace information in gflags install located at: "
-      "${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}.")
-  endif()
-  file(READ ${GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE} GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE_CONTENTS)
-
-  string(REGEX MATCH "#define GFLAGS_NAMESPACE [A-Za-z]+"
-    GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE_CONTENTS}")
-  string(REGEX REPLACE "#define GFLAGS_NAMESPACE ([A-Za-z]+)" "\\1"
-    GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_NAMESPACE}")
-
-  if (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Failed to extract gflags namespace from declare file: "
-      "${GFLAGS_DECLARE_FILE}.")
-  endif (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-
-  if (GFLAGS_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "google" OR
-      GFLAGS_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "gflags")
-    # Found valid gflags namespace from gflags.h.
-    set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_NAMESPACE}" PARENT_SCOPE)
-    return()
-  endif()
-endfunction(GFLAGS_CHECK_GFLAGS_NAMESPACE_USING_REGEX)
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------
-# By default, if the user has expressed no preference for using an exported
-# gflags CMake configuration over performing a search for the installed
-# components, and has not specified any hints for the search locations, then
-# prefer a gflags exported configuration if available.
-if (NOT DEFINED GFLAGS_PREFER_EXPORTED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION
-    AND NOT GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS
-    AND NOT GFLAGS_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS)
-  message(STATUS "No preference for use of exported gflags CMake configuration "
-    "set, and no hints for include/library directories provided. "
-    "Defaulting to preferring an installed/exported gflags CMake configuration "
-    "if available.")
-  set(GFLAGS_PREFER_EXPORTED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION TRUE)
-endif()
-
-if (GFLAGS_PREFER_EXPORTED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION)
-  # Try to find an exported CMake configuration for gflags, as generated by
-  # gflags versions >= 2.1.
-  #
-  # We search twice, s/t we can invert the ordering of precedence used by
-  # find_package() for exported package build directories, and installed
-  # packages (found via CMAKE_SYSTEM_PREFIX_PATH), listed as items 6) and 7)
-  # respectively in [1].
-  #
-  # By default, exported build directories are (in theory) detected first, and
-  # this is usually the case on Windows.  However, on OS X & Linux, the install
-  # path (/usr/local) is typically present in the PATH environment variable
-  # which is checked in item 4) in [1] (i.e. before both of the above, unless
-  # NO_SYSTEM_ENVIRONMENT_PATH is passed).  As such on those OSs installed
-  # packages are usually detected in preference to exported package build
-  # directories.
-  #
-  # To ensure a more consistent response across all OSs, and as users usually
-  # want to prefer an installed version of a package over a locally built one
-  # where both exist (esp. as the exported build directory might be removed
-  # after installation), we first search with NO_CMAKE_PACKAGE_REGISTRY which
-  # means any build directories exported by the user are ignored, and thus
-  # installed directories are preferred.  If this fails to find the package
-  # we then research again, but without NO_CMAKE_PACKAGE_REGISTRY, so any
-  # exported build directories will now be detected.
-  #
-  # To prevent confusion on Windows, we also pass NO_CMAKE_BUILDS_PATH (which
-  # is item 5) in [1]), to not preferentially use projects that were built
-  # recently with the CMake GUI to ensure that we always prefer an installed
-  # version if available.
-  #
-  # [1] http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v2.8.11/cmake.html#command:find_package
-  find_package(gflags QUIET
-                      NO_MODULE
-                      NO_CMAKE_PACKAGE_REGISTRY
-                      NO_CMAKE_BUILDS_PATH)
-  if (gflags_FOUND)
-    message(STATUS "Found installed version of gflags: ${gflags_DIR}")
-  else(gflags_FOUND)
-    # Failed to find an installed version of gflags, repeat search allowing
-    # exported build directories.
-    message(STATUS "Failed to find installed gflags CMake configuration, "
-      "searching for gflags build directories exported with CMake.")
-    # Again pass NO_CMAKE_BUILDS_PATH, as we know that gflags is exported and
-    # do not want to treat projects built with the CMake GUI preferentially.
-    find_package(gflags QUIET
-                        NO_MODULE
-                        NO_CMAKE_BUILDS_PATH)
-    if (gflags_FOUND)
-      message(STATUS "Found exported gflags build directory: ${gflags_DIR}")
-    endif(gflags_FOUND)
-  endif(gflags_FOUND)
-
-  set(FOUND_INSTALLED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION ${gflags_FOUND})
-
-  # gflags v2.1 - 2.1.2 shipped with a bug in their gflags-config.cmake [1]
-  # whereby gflags_LIBRARIES = "gflags", but there was no imported target
-  # called "gflags", they were called: gflags[_nothreads]-[static/shared].
-  # As this causes linker errors when gflags is not installed in a location
-  # on the current library paths, detect if this problem is present and
-  # fix it.
-  #
-  # [1] https://github.com/gflags/gflags/issues/110
-  if (gflags_FOUND)
-    # NOTE: This is not written as additional conditions in the outer
-    #       if (gflags_FOUND) as the NOT TARGET "${gflags_LIBRARIES}"
-    #       condition causes problems if gflags is not found.
-    if (${gflags_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 2.1.3 AND
-        NOT TARGET "${gflags_LIBRARIES}")
-      message(STATUS "Detected broken gflags install in: ${gflags_DIR}, "
-        "version: ${gflags_VERSION} <= 2.1.2 which defines gflags_LIBRARIES = "
-        "${gflags_LIBRARIES} which is not an imported CMake target, see: "
-        "https://github.com/gflags/gflags/issues/110.  Attempting to fix by "
-        "detecting correct gflags target.")
-      # Ordering here expresses preference for detection, specifically we do not
-      # want to use the _nothreads variants if the full library is available.
-      list(APPEND CHECK_GFLAGS_IMPORTED_TARGET_NAMES
-        gflags-shared gflags-static
-        gflags_nothreads-shared gflags_nothreads-static)
-      foreach(CHECK_GFLAGS_TARGET ${CHECK_GFLAGS_IMPORTED_TARGET_NAMES})
-        if (TARGET ${CHECK_GFLAGS_TARGET})
-          message(STATUS "Found valid gflags target: ${CHECK_GFLAGS_TARGET}, "
-            "updating gflags_LIBRARIES.")
-          set(gflags_LIBRARIES ${CHECK_GFLAGS_TARGET})
-          break()
-        endif()
-      endforeach()
-      if (NOT TARGET ${gflags_LIBRARIES})
-        message(STATUS "Failed to fix detected broken gflags install in: "
-          "${gflags_DIR}, version: ${gflags_VERSION} <= 2.1.2, none of the "
-          "imported targets for gflags: ${CHECK_GFLAGS_IMPORTED_TARGET_NAMES} "
-          "are defined.  Will continue with a manual search for gflags "
-          "components.  We recommend you build/install a version of gflags > "
-          "2.1.2 (or master).")
-        set(FOUND_INSTALLED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION FALSE)
-      endif()
-    endif()
-  endif()
-
-  if (FOUND_INSTALLED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION)
-    message(STATUS "Detected gflags version: ${gflags_VERSION}")
-    set(GFLAGS_FOUND ${gflags_FOUND})
-    set(GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR ${gflags_INCLUDE_DIR})
-    set(GFLAGS_LIBRARY ${gflags_LIBRARIES})
-
-    # gflags does not export the namespace in their CMake configuration, so
-    # use our function to determine what it should be, as it can be either
-    # gflags or google dependent upon version & configuration.
-    #
-    # NOTE: We use the regex method to determine the namespace here, as
-    #       check_cxx_source_compiles() will not use imported targets, which
-    #       is what gflags will be in this case.
-    gflags_check_gflags_namespace_using_regex()
-
-    if (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-      gflags_report_not_found(
-        "Failed to determine gflags namespace using regex for gflags "
-        "version: ${gflags_VERSION} exported here: ${gflags_DIR} using CMake.")
-    endif (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-  else (FOUND_INSTALLED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION)
-    message(STATUS "Failed to find an installed/exported CMake configuration "
-      "for gflags, will perform search for installed gflags components.")
-  endif (FOUND_INSTALLED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION)
-endif(GFLAGS_PREFER_EXPORTED_GFLAGS_CMAKE_CONFIGURATION)
-
-if (NOT GFLAGS_FOUND)
-  # Either failed to find an exported gflags CMake configuration, or user
-  # told us not to use one.  Perform a manual search for all gflags components.
-
-  # Handle possible presence of lib prefix for libraries on MSVC, see
-  # also GFLAGS_RESET_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIX().
-  if (MSVC)
-    # Preserve the caller's original values for CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES
-    # s/t we can set it back before returning.
-    set(CALLERS_CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES "${CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES}")
-    # The empty string in this list is important, it represents the case when
-    # the libraries have no prefix (shared libraries / DLLs).
-    set(CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES "lib" "" "${CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_PREFIXES}")
-  endif (MSVC)
-
-  # Search user-installed locations first, so that we prefer user installs
-  # to system installs where both exist.
-  list(APPEND GFLAGS_CHECK_INCLUDE_DIRS
-    /usr/local/include
-    /usr/local/homebrew/include # Mac OS X
-    /opt/local/var/macports/software # Mac OS X.
-    /opt/local/include
-    /usr/include)
-  list(APPEND GFLAGS_CHECK_PATH_SUFFIXES
-    gflags/include # Windows (for C:/Program Files prefix).
-    gflags/Include ) # Windows (for C:/Program Files prefix).
-
-  list(APPEND GFLAGS_CHECK_LIBRARY_DIRS
-    /usr/local/lib
-    /usr/local/homebrew/lib # Mac OS X.
-    /opt/local/lib
-    /usr/lib)
-  list(APPEND GFLAGS_CHECK_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES
-    gflags/lib # Windows (for C:/Program Files prefix).
-    gflags/Lib ) # Windows (for C:/Program Files prefix).
-
-  # Search supplied hint directories first if supplied.
-  find_path(GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR
-    NAMES gflags/gflags.h
-    PATHS ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR_HINTS}
-    ${GFLAGS_CHECK_INCLUDE_DIRS}
-    PATH_SUFFIXES ${GFLAGS_CHECK_PATH_SUFFIXES})
-  if (NOT GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR OR
-      NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR})
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Could not find gflags include directory, set GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR "
-      "to directory containing gflags/gflags.h")
-  endif (NOT GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR OR
-    NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR})
-
-  find_library(GFLAGS_LIBRARY NAMES gflags
-    PATHS ${GFLAGS_LIBRARY_DIR_HINTS}
-    ${GFLAGS_CHECK_LIBRARY_DIRS}
-    PATH_SUFFIXES ${GFLAGS_CHECK_LIBRARY_SUFFIXES})
-  if (NOT GFLAGS_LIBRARY OR
-      NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_LIBRARY})
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Could not find gflags library, set GFLAGS_LIBRARY "
-      "to full path to libgflags.")
-  endif (NOT GFLAGS_LIBRARY OR
-    NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_LIBRARY})
-
-  # gflags typically requires a threading library (which is OS dependent), note
-  # that this defines the CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT variable.  If we are able to
-  # detect threads, we assume that gflags requires it.
-  find_package(Threads QUIET)
-  set(GFLAGS_LINK_LIBRARIES ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-  # On Windows (including MinGW), the Shlwapi library is used by gflags if
-  # available.
-  if (WIN32)
-    include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)
-    check_include_file_cxx("shlwapi.h" HAVE_SHLWAPI)
-    if (HAVE_SHLWAPI)
-      list(APPEND GFLAGS_LINK_LIBRARIES shlwapi.lib)
-    endif(HAVE_SHLWAPI)
-  endif (WIN32)
-
-  # Mark internally as found, then verify. GFLAGS_REPORT_NOT_FOUND() unsets
-  # if called.
-  set(GFLAGS_FOUND TRUE)
-
-  # Identify what namespace gflags was built with.
-  if (GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR AND NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-    # To handle Windows peculiarities / CMake bugs on MSVC we try two approaches
-    # to detect the gflags namespace:
-    #
-    # 1) Try to use check_cxx_source_compiles() to compile a trivial program
-    #    with the two choices for the gflags namespace.
-    #
-    # 2) [In the event 1) fails] Use regex on the gflags headers to try to
-    #    determine the gflags namespace.  Whilst this is less robust than 1),
-    #    it does avoid any interaction with msbuild.
-    gflags_check_gflags_namespace_using_try_compile()
-
-    if (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-      # Failed to determine gflags namespace using check_cxx_source_compiles()
-      # method, try and obtain it using regex on the gflags headers instead.
-      message(STATUS "Failed to find gflags namespace using using "
-        "check_cxx_source_compiles(), trying namespace regex instead, "
-        "this is expected on Windows.")
-      gflags_check_gflags_namespace_using_regex()
-
-      if (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-        gflags_report_not_found(
-          "Failed to determine gflags namespace either by "
-          "check_cxx_source_compiles(), or namespace regex.")
-      endif (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-    endif (NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-  endif (GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR AND NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-
-  # Make the GFLAGS_NAMESPACE a cache variable s/t the user can view it, and could
-  # overwrite it in the CMake GUI.
-  set(GFLAGS_NAMESPACE "${GFLAGS_NAMESPACE}" CACHE STRING
-    "gflags namespace (google or gflags)" FORCE)
-
-  # gflags does not seem to provide any record of the version in its
-  # source tree, thus cannot extract version.
-
-  # Catch case when caller has set GFLAGS_NAMESPACE in the cache / GUI
-  # with an invalid value.
-  if (GFLAGS_NAMESPACE AND
-      NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "google" AND
-      NOT GFLAGS_NAMESPACE STREQUAL "gflags")
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Caller defined GFLAGS_NAMESPACE:"
-      " ${GFLAGS_NAMESPACE} is not valid, not google or gflags.")
-  endif ()
-  # Catch case when caller has set GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR in the cache / GUI and
-  # thus FIND_[PATH/LIBRARY] are not called, but specified locations are
-  # invalid, otherwise we would report the library as found.
-  if (GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR AND
-      NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}/gflags/gflags.h)
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Caller defined GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR:"
-      " ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR} does not contain gflags/gflags.h header.")
-  endif (GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR AND
-    NOT EXISTS ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR}/gflags/gflags.h)
-  # TODO: This regex for gflags library is pretty primitive, we use lowercase
-  #       for comparison to handle Windows using CamelCase library names, could
-  #       this check be better?
-  string(TOLOWER "${GFLAGS_LIBRARY}" LOWERCASE_GFLAGS_LIBRARY)
-  if (GFLAGS_LIBRARY AND
-      NOT "${LOWERCASE_GFLAGS_LIBRARY}" MATCHES ".*gflags[^/]*")
-    gflags_report_not_found(
-      "Caller defined GFLAGS_LIBRARY: "
-      "${GFLAGS_LIBRARY} does not match gflags.")
-  endif (GFLAGS_LIBRARY AND
-    NOT "${LOWERCASE_GFLAGS_LIBRARY}" MATCHES ".*gflags[^/]*")
-
-  gflags_reset_find_library_prefix()
-
-endif(NOT GFLAGS_FOUND)
-
-# Set standard CMake FindPackage variables if found.
-if (GFLAGS_FOUND)
-  set(GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIRS ${GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR})
-  set(GFLAGS_LIBRARIES ${GFLAGS_LIBRARY} ${GFLAGS_LINK_LIBRARIES})
-endif (GFLAGS_FOUND)
-
-# Handle REQUIRED / QUIET optional arguments.
-include(FindPackageHandleStandardArgs)
-find_package_handle_standard_args(Gflags DEFAULT_MSG
-  GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIRS GFLAGS_LIBRARIES GFLAGS_NAMESPACE)
-
-# Only mark internal variables as advanced if we found gflags, otherwise
-# leave them visible in the standard GUI for the user to set manually.
-if (GFLAGS_FOUND)
-  mark_as_advanced(FORCE GFLAGS_INCLUDE_DIR
-    GFLAGS_LIBRARY
-    GFLAGS_NAMESPACE
-    gflags_DIR) # Autogenerated by find_package(gflags)
-endif (GFLAGS_FOUND)
diff --git a/cmake/util.cmake b/cmake/util.cmake
index 43a56378df0094200d3c7c95a704c27222654708..ab77d9e5defb98099e489d8a86674fa0313735c5 100644
--- a/cmake/util.cmake
+++ b/cmake/util.cmake
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@ function(link_paddle_exe TARGET_NAME)
         ${METRIC_LIBS}
         ${PROTOBUF_LIBRARY}
         ${LIBGLOG_LIBRARY}
-        ${GFLAGS_LIBRARIES}
-        ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}
+        gflags
+	${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT}
         ${CBLAS_LIBS}
         ${ZLIB_LIBRARIES}
         ${INTERAL_LIBS}
diff --git a/paddle/api/paddle_ld_flags.py b/paddle/api/paddle_ld_flags.py
index b4d27b1cc728f92b2210f30b69f3f5899fe81d65..152085db847b4cfe4b77cdda49899442f6324ac8 100644
--- a/paddle/api/paddle_ld_flags.py
+++ b/paddle/api/paddle_ld_flags.py
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ try:
             self.glog_libs = LIBGLOG_LIBRARY
 
             self.with_coverage = PaddleLDFlag.cmake_bool(WITH_COVERALLS)
-            self.gflags_libs = GFLAGS_LIBRARIES
             self.gflags_location = GFLAGS_LOCATION
             self.cblas_libs = CBLAS_LIBRARIES
             self.curt = CUDA_LIBRARIES
@@ -88,7 +87,7 @@ try:
                 "-lpaddle_api",
                 self.normalize_flag(self.protolib),
                 self.normalize_flag(self.glog_libs),
-                self.normalize_flag(self.gflags_libs),
+                self.normalize_flag("gflags"),
                 self.normalize_flag(self.zlib),
                 self.normalize_flag(self.thread),
                 self.normalize_flag(self.dl_libs),
@@ -114,10 +113,7 @@ try:
                 return cmake_flag
             elif cmake_flag.startswith("-l"):  # normal link command
                 return cmake_flag
-            elif cmake_flag in [
-                    "gflags-shared", "gflags-static", "gflags_nothreads-shared",
-                    "gflags_nothreads-static"
-            ]:  # special for gflags
+            elif cmake_flag == "gflags":  # special for gflags
                 assert PaddleLDFlag.cmake_bool(self.gflags_location)
                 return self.gflags_location
             elif len(cmake_flag) != 0: