diff --git a/examples/js/effects/OutlineEffect.js b/examples/js/effects/OutlineEffect.js
index 9def61441b10fdaabec5cc5de465be19139741a9..6a7d8e116cc281a386886e22948d1304054b9282 100644
--- a/examples/js/effects/OutlineEffect.js
+++ b/examples/js/effects/OutlineEffect.js
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ THREE.OutlineEffect = function ( renderer, parameters ) {
 		MeshBasicMaterial: 'basic',
 		MeshLambertMaterial: 'lambert',
 		MeshPhongMaterial: 'phong',
-		MeshToonMaterial: 'toon',
+		MeshToonMaterial: 'phong',
 		MeshStandardMaterial: 'physical',
 		MeshPhysicalMaterial: 'physical'
 	};
diff --git a/src/materials/MeshToonMaterial.js b/src/materials/MeshToonMaterial.js
index c638195ab4639dbabb28c91274f82923f3935b77..39d46333b5f9b50d5e6dc4a275fda2f69c30bd64 100644
--- a/src/materials/MeshToonMaterial.js
+++ b/src/materials/MeshToonMaterial.js
@@ -55,6 +55,8 @@ function MeshToonMaterial( parameters ) {
 
 	MeshPhongMaterial.call( this );
 
+	this.defines = { 'TOON': '' };
+
 	this.type = 'MeshToonMaterial';
 
 	this.gradientMap = null;
diff --git a/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js b/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js
index 80181a47f8442e1dda317b7dc0e1ece979c824bf..3b5f84d92e01ccb5c43fd8e42a190d1fb746ac49 100644
--- a/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js
+++ b/src/renderers/WebGLRenderer.js
@@ -623,7 +623,6 @@ function WebGLRenderer( parameters ) {
 			_gl.bindBuffer( _gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, buffers.normal );
 
 			if ( ! material.isMeshPhongMaterial &&
-				! material.isMeshToonMaterial &&
 				! material.isMeshStandardMaterial &&
 				material.shading === FlatShading ) {
 
@@ -1776,7 +1775,6 @@ function WebGLRenderer( parameters ) {
 
 			if ( material.isShaderMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshPhongMaterial ||
-				material.isMeshToonMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshStandardMaterial ||
 				material.envMap ) {
 
@@ -1792,7 +1790,6 @@ function WebGLRenderer( parameters ) {
 			}
 
 			if ( material.isMeshPhongMaterial ||
-				material.isMeshToonMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshLambertMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshBasicMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshStandardMaterial ||
@@ -1865,7 +1862,6 @@ function WebGLRenderer( parameters ) {
 			if ( material.isMeshBasicMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshLambertMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshPhongMaterial ||
-				material.isMeshToonMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshStandardMaterial ||
 				material.isMeshDepthMaterial ) {
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk.js b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk.js
index b36319d1bba3f4c935ce8e66e06354ab830a4af5..f3f27c78c9deb6d9bdd13ace638dc5c1201dee41 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk.js
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk.js
@@ -99,8 +99,6 @@ import meshphong_frag from './ShaderLib/meshphong_frag.glsl';
 import meshphong_vert from './ShaderLib/meshphong_vert.glsl';
 import meshphysical_frag from './ShaderLib/meshphysical_frag.glsl';
 import meshphysical_vert from './ShaderLib/meshphysical_vert.glsl';
-import meshtoon_frag from './ShaderLib/meshtoon_frag.glsl';
-import meshtoon_vert from './ShaderLib/meshtoon_vert.glsl';
 import normal_frag from './ShaderLib/normal_frag.glsl';
 import normal_vert from './ShaderLib/normal_vert.glsl';
 import points_frag from './ShaderLib/points_frag.glsl';
@@ -210,8 +208,6 @@ export var ShaderChunk = {
 	meshphong_vert: meshphong_vert,
 	meshphysical_frag: meshphysical_frag,
 	meshphysical_vert: meshphysical_vert,
-	meshtoon_frag: meshtoon_frag,
-	meshtoon_vert: meshtoon_vert,
 	normal_frag: normal_frag,
 	normal_vert: normal_vert,
 	points_frag: points_frag,
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_fragment.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_fragment.glsl
index 91679b58289faae4fa48c75f817d6458e712d348..3eb44cdadebebbf7d56926b803f0f648bba002d6 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_fragment.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_fragment.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #if NUM_CLIPPING_PLANES > 0
 
-	#if ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ! defined( PHONG ) && ! defined( TOON )
+	#if ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ! defined( PHONG )
 		varying vec3 vViewPosition;
 	#endif
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_vertex.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_vertex.glsl
index 219c502181ccbb638b48fbe745864134df46db0e..d83f96d56c19942712dde6633d2145cbaba30152 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_vertex.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_pars_vertex.glsl
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
-#if NUM_CLIPPING_PLANES > 0 && ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ! defined( PHONG ) && ! defined( TOON )
+#if NUM_CLIPPING_PLANES > 0 && ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ! defined( PHONG )
 	varying vec3 vViewPosition;
 #endif
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_vertex.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_vertex.glsl
index bbdfb399b59a4cec819dd1c84153ee74fb321856..d3fa83858ea6c48fcc2da50b82cf199f58560079 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_vertex.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/clipping_planes_vertex.glsl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#if NUM_CLIPPING_PLANES > 0 && ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ! defined( PHONG ) && ! defined( TOON )
+#if NUM_CLIPPING_PLANES > 0 && ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ! defined( PHONG )
 	vViewPosition = - mvPosition.xyz;
 #endif
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_fragment.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_fragment.glsl
index 99de62aa5541619a09b11b70a2b2af080865d8a8..097196b19b422b866f955df611c8ea65278b6d14 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_fragment.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_fragment.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_ENVMAP
 
-	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( TOON )
+	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG )
 
 		vec3 cameraToVertex = normalize( vWorldPosition - cameraPosition );
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_fragment.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_fragment.glsl
index b9950d32cc1a936e9ad2a499a7ced46969eb6fe8..575800944abc0e8e1c0cb34cfeb1cfc9d007c8c5 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_fragment.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_fragment.glsl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 #ifdef USE_ENVMAP
 
-	#if ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ( defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( TOON ) )
+	#if ! defined( PHYSICAL ) && ( defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) )
 		varying vec3 vWorldPosition;
 	#endif
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	#endif
 	uniform float flipEnvMap;
 
-	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( TOON ) || defined( PHYSICAL )
+	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( PHYSICAL )
 		uniform float refractionRatio;
 	#else
 		varying vec3 vReflect;
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_vertex.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_vertex.glsl
index 9b77fed79cd1e3bb311cb5fe9140f755c797359c..7feab7532e506d40cc11b36c2156444b0e3b87c5 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_vertex.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_pars_vertex.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_ENVMAP
 
-	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( TOON )
+	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG )
 		varying vec3 vWorldPosition;
 
 	#else
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_vertex.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_vertex.glsl
index d0fa2cd76d090d933a98a0711550c2e5831c4164..ce32d52289562263b6f45128bd72d8a2e92abd79 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_vertex.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/envmap_vertex.glsl
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifdef USE_ENVMAP
 
-	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( TOON )
+	#if defined( USE_BUMPMAP ) || defined( USE_NORMALMAP ) || defined( PHONG )
 
 		vWorldPosition = worldPosition.xyz;
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/worldpos_vertex.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/worldpos_vertex.glsl
index dc29a4e8036b2cf9a6f5616e079e2d5883a233e6..d1db3f9a04acebe9a888d0469ef83ce3cd6f269b 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/worldpos_vertex.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderChunk/worldpos_vertex.glsl
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#if defined( USE_ENVMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( TOON ) || defined( PHYSICAL ) || defined( LAMBERT ) || defined ( USE_SHADOWMAP )
+#if defined( USE_ENVMAP ) || defined( PHONG ) || defined( PHYSICAL ) || defined( LAMBERT ) || defined ( USE_SHADOWMAP )
 
 	#ifdef USE_SKINNING
 
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib.js b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib.js
index 2ac9256a03d06d7514b1f168afa0ab42861c0f34..99d7baf54723d183224939f56b9432888c324df0 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib.js
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib.js
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ var ShaderLib = {
 			UniformsLib.bumpmap,
 			UniformsLib.normalmap,
 			UniformsLib.displacementmap,
+			UniformsLib.gradientmap,
 			UniformsLib.fog,
 			UniformsLib.lights,
 			{
@@ -68,31 +69,6 @@ var ShaderLib = {
 
 	},
 
-	toon: {
-
-		uniforms: Object.assign( {},
-			UniformsLib.common,
-			UniformsLib.aomap,
-			UniformsLib.lightmap,
-			UniformsLib.emissivemap,
-			UniformsLib.bumpmap,
-			UniformsLib.normalmap,
-			UniformsLib.displacementmap,
-			UniformsLib.gradientmap,
-			UniformsLib.fog,
-			UniformsLib.lights,
-			{
-				emissive : { value: new Color( 0x000000 ) },
-				specular : { value: new Color( 0x111111 ) },
-				shininess: { value: 30 }
-			}
-		),
-
-		vertexShader: ShaderChunk.meshtoon_vert,
-		fragmentShader: ShaderChunk.meshtoon_frag
-
-	},
-
 	standard: {
 
 		uniforms: Object.assign( {},
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshphong_frag.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshphong_frag.glsl
index 5041e7a5f1949eaf701862414685e86c4b5742c5..4b909fc5de8f4e47532401c130429c5af75eea21 100644
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshphong_frag.glsl
+++ b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshphong_frag.glsl
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ uniform float opacity;
 #include <lightmap_pars_fragment>
 #include <emissivemap_pars_fragment>
 #include <envmap_pars_fragment>
+#include <gradientmap_pars_fragment>
 #include <fog_pars_fragment>
 #include <bsdfs>
 #include <lights_pars>
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshtoon_frag.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshtoon_frag.glsl
deleted file mode 100644
index c6ca55369239e415605150ddd99837c98a3b6a9c..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshtoon_frag.glsl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
-#define TOON
-
-uniform vec3 diffuse;
-uniform vec3 emissive;
-uniform vec3 specular;
-uniform float shininess;
-uniform float opacity;
-
-#include <common>
-#include <packing>
-#include <color_pars_fragment>
-#include <uv_pars_fragment>
-#include <uv2_pars_fragment>
-#include <map_pars_fragment>
-#include <alphamap_pars_fragment>
-#include <aomap_pars_fragment>
-#include <lightmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <emissivemap_pars_fragment>
-#include <envmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <gradientmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <fog_pars_fragment>
-#include <bsdfs>
-#include <lights_pars>
-#include <lights_phong_pars_fragment>
-#include <shadowmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <bumpmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <normalmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <specularmap_pars_fragment>
-#include <logdepthbuf_pars_fragment>
-#include <clipping_planes_pars_fragment>
-
-void main() {
-
-	#include <clipping_planes_fragment>
-
-	vec4 diffuseColor = vec4( diffuse, opacity );
-	ReflectedLight reflectedLight = ReflectedLight( vec3( 0.0 ), vec3( 0.0 ), vec3( 0.0 ), vec3( 0.0 ) );
-	vec3 totalEmissiveRadiance = emissive;
-
-	#include <logdepthbuf_fragment>
-	#include <map_fragment>
-	#include <color_fragment>
-	#include <alphamap_fragment>
-	#include <alphatest_fragment>
-	#include <specularmap_fragment>
-	#include <normal_flip>
-	#include <normal_fragment>
-	#include <emissivemap_fragment>
-
-	// accumulation
-	#include <lights_phong_fragment>
-	#include <lights_template>
-
-	// modulation
-	#include <aomap_fragment>
-
-	vec3 outgoingLight = reflectedLight.directDiffuse + reflectedLight.indirectDiffuse + reflectedLight.directSpecular + reflectedLight.indirectSpecular + totalEmissiveRadiance;
-
-	#include <envmap_fragment>
-
-	gl_FragColor = vec4( outgoingLight, diffuseColor.a );
-
-	#include <premultiplied_alpha_fragment>
-	#include <tonemapping_fragment>
-	#include <encodings_fragment>
-	#include <fog_fragment>
-
-}
diff --git a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshtoon_vert.glsl b/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshtoon_vert.glsl
deleted file mode 100644
index af5b01e0bb49d4f19fd38ddaff262f64ee639178..0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
--- a/src/renderers/shaders/ShaderLib/meshtoon_vert.glsl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-#define TOON
-
-varying vec3 vViewPosition;
-
-#ifndef FLAT_SHADED
-
-	varying vec3 vNormal;
-
-#endif
-
-#include <common>
-#include <uv_pars_vertex>
-#include <uv2_pars_vertex>
-#include <displacementmap_pars_vertex>
-#include <envmap_pars_vertex>
-#include <color_pars_vertex>
-#include <morphtarget_pars_vertex>
-#include <skinning_pars_vertex>
-#include <shadowmap_pars_vertex>
-#include <logdepthbuf_pars_vertex>
-#include <clipping_planes_pars_vertex>
-
-void main() {
-
-	#include <uv_vertex>
-	#include <uv2_vertex>
-	#include <color_vertex>
-
-	#include <beginnormal_vertex>
-	#include <morphnormal_vertex>
-	#include <skinbase_vertex>
-	#include <skinnormal_vertex>
-	#include <defaultnormal_vertex>
-
-#ifndef FLAT_SHADED // Normal computed with derivatives when FLAT_SHADED
-
-	vNormal = normalize( transformedNormal );
-
-#endif
-
-	#include <begin_vertex>
-	#include <displacementmap_vertex>
-	#include <morphtarget_vertex>
-	#include <skinning_vertex>
-	#include <project_vertex>
-	#include <logdepthbuf_vertex>
-	#include <clipping_planes_vertex>
-
-	vViewPosition = - mvPosition.xyz;
-
-	#include <worldpos_vertex>
-	#include <envmap_vertex>
-	#include <shadowmap_vertex>
-
-}
diff --git a/src/renderers/webgl/WebGLPrograms.js b/src/renderers/webgl/WebGLPrograms.js
index a6ea358315f98ed296de4c2cc82a97ab4d7d09e8..f15d6d856cb98dba09b4e99b6e72160c3c1353c5 100644
--- a/src/renderers/webgl/WebGLPrograms.js
+++ b/src/renderers/webgl/WebGLPrograms.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ function WebGLPrograms( renderer, capabilities ) {
 		MeshBasicMaterial: 'basic',
 		MeshLambertMaterial: 'lambert',
 		MeshPhongMaterial: 'phong',
-		MeshToonMaterial: 'toon',
+		MeshToonMaterial: 'phong',
 		MeshStandardMaterial: 'physical',
 		MeshPhysicalMaterial: 'physical',
 		LineBasicMaterial: 'basic',