diff --git a/src/client/src/tscAst.c b/src/client/src/tscAst.c
index d071358dbf0b9611eabac34d5f4a87eef0b6a646..9f12f8c1aec77cdd01de9666dd5cbec2433cbe7a 100644
--- a/src/client/src/tscAst.c
+++ b/src/client/src/tscAst.c
@@ -492,12 +492,12 @@ static void setInitialValueForRangeQueryCondition(tSKipListQueryCond *q, int8_t
     case TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NCHAR:
     case TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY: {
       q->upperBnd.nType = type;
-      q->upperBnd.pz = "\0";
+      q->upperBnd.pz = NULL;
       q->upperBnd.nLen = -1;
 
       q->lowerBnd.nType = type;
-      q->lowerBnd.pz = "\0";
-      q->lowerBnd.nLen = 0;
+      q->lowerBnd.pz = NULL;
+      q->lowerBnd.nLen = -1;
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/client/src/tscFunctionImpl.c b/src/client/src/tscFunctionImpl.c
index 15509d1a83d3820a07f4c0daa6de016f55f9d137..22875593c246029dddca7c663466affe8447ec3b 100644
--- a/src/client/src/tscFunctionImpl.c
+++ b/src/client/src/tscFunctionImpl.c
@@ -3272,7 +3272,7 @@ char *arithmetic_callback_function(void *param, char *name, int32_t colId) {
 
 static void arithmetic_function(SQLFunctionCtx *pCtx) {
   GET_RES_INFO(pCtx)->numOfRes += pCtx->size;
-  SArithmeticSupport *sas = (SArithmeticSupport *)pCtx->param[0].pz;
+  SArithmeticSupport *sas = (SArithmeticSupport *)pCtx->param[1].pz;
 
   tSQLBinaryExprCalcTraverse(sas->pExpr->pBinExprInfo.pBinExpr, pCtx->size, pCtx->aOutputBuf, sas, pCtx->order,
                              arithmetic_callback_function);
@@ -3282,7 +3282,7 @@ static void arithmetic_function(SQLFunctionCtx *pCtx) {
 
 static void arithmetic_function_f(SQLFunctionCtx *pCtx, int32_t index) {
   INC_INIT_VAL(pCtx, 1);
-  SArithmeticSupport *sas = (SArithmeticSupport *)pCtx->param[0].pz;
+  SArithmeticSupport *sas = (SArithmeticSupport *)pCtx->param[1].pz;
 
   sas->offset = index;
   tSQLBinaryExprCalcTraverse(sas->pExpr->pBinExprInfo.pBinExpr, 1, pCtx->aOutputBuf, sas, pCtx->order,
diff --git a/src/client/src/tscSQLParser.c b/src/client/src/tscSQLParser.c
index 422ae707ad1a63188088f996fceca127fbdba08a..b6b3a63b5fdd0c9ce4ef3727603bfc3dac7d9391 100644
--- a/src/client/src/tscSQLParser.c
+++ b/src/client/src/tscSQLParser.c
@@ -5205,6 +5205,13 @@ void addGroupInfoForSubquery(SSqlObj* pParentObj, SSqlObj* pSql, int32_t tableIn
   }
 }
 
+// limit the output to be 1 for each state value
+static void doLimitOutputNormalColOfGroupby(SSqlExpr* pExpr) {
+  int32_t outputRow = 1;
+  tVariantCreateFromBinary(&pExpr->param[0], (char*) &outputRow, sizeof(int32_t), TSDB_DATA_TYPE_INT);
+  pExpr->numOfParams = 1;
+}
+
 void doAddGroupColumnForSubquery(SSqlCmd* pCmd, int32_t tagIndex) {
   int32_t index = pCmd->groupbyExpr.columnInfo[tagIndex].colIdx;
 
@@ -5217,9 +5224,8 @@ void doAddGroupColumnForSubquery(SSqlCmd* pCmd, int32_t tagIndex) {
                                      pSchema->bytes, pSchema->bytes);
 
   pExpr->colInfo.flag = TSDB_COL_NORMAL;
-  pExpr->param[0].i64Key = 1;
-  pExpr->numOfParams = 1;
-
+  doLimitOutputNormalColOfGroupby(pExpr);
+  
   // NOTE: tag column does not add to source column list
   SColumnList list = {0};
   list.num = 1;
@@ -5263,8 +5269,7 @@ static void doUpdateSqlFunctionForColPrj(SSqlCmd* pCmd) {
       for (int32_t j = 0; j < pCmd->groupbyExpr.numOfGroupCols; ++j) {
         if (pExpr->colInfo.colId == pCmd->groupbyExpr.columnInfo[j].colId) {
           qualifiedCol = true;
-
-          pExpr->param[0].i64Key = 1;  // limit the output to be 1 for each state value
+          doLimitOutputNormalColOfGroupby(pExpr);
           pExpr->numOfParams = 1;
           break;
         }
diff --git a/src/system/detail/src/vnodeQueryImpl.c b/src/system/detail/src/vnodeQueryImpl.c
index 3673e5751d8283c764cdda71a3a799d9b9206dc8..3158ecf15bb1aa33f5c87ce02f204f4ba9621877 100644
--- a/src/system/detail/src/vnodeQueryImpl.c
+++ b/src/system/detail/src/vnodeQueryImpl.c
@@ -2028,7 +2028,7 @@ void setExecParams(SQuery *pQuery, SQLFunctionCtx *pCtx, int64_t startQueryTimes
     pCtx->ptsList = (int64_t *)(primaryColumnData + startOffset * TSDB_KEYSIZE);
 
   } else if (functionId == TSDB_FUNC_ARITHM) {
-    pCtx->param[0].pz = param;
+    pCtx->param[1].pz = param;
   }
 
   pCtx->startOffset = startOffset;
@@ -2117,14 +2117,15 @@ static int32_t setupQueryRuntimeEnv(SMeterObj *pMeterObj, SQuery *pQuery, SQuery
     pCtx->order = pQuery->order.order;
     pCtx->functionId = pSqlFuncMsg->functionId;
 
-    /*
-     * tricky: in case of char array parameters, we employ the shallow copy
-     * method and get the ownership of the char array, it later release the allocated memory if exists
-     */
     pCtx->numOfParams = pSqlFuncMsg->numOfParams;
     for (int32_t j = 0; j < pCtx->numOfParams; ++j) {
-      pCtx->param[j].nType = pSqlFuncMsg->arg[j].argType;
-      pCtx->param[j].i64Key = pSqlFuncMsg->arg[j].argValue.i64;
+      int16_t type = pSqlFuncMsg->arg[j].argType;
+      int16_t bytes = pSqlFuncMsg->arg[j].argBytes;
+      if (type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY || type == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NCHAR) {
+        tVariantCreateFromBinary(&pCtx->param[j], pSqlFuncMsg->arg->argValue.pz, bytes, type);
+      } else {
+        tVariantCreateFromBinary(&pCtx->param[j], (char*) &pSqlFuncMsg->arg[j].argValue.i64, bytes, type);
+      }
     }
 
     // set the order information for top/bottom query
diff --git a/src/util/src/ttypes.c b/src/util/src/ttypes.c
index b048748d95926a3d566b7dc82aecdd6dcc936eae..5fcbe8605c6db3da62e409de36ff64d7f09b1a24 100644
--- a/src/util/src/ttypes.c
+++ b/src/util/src/ttypes.c
@@ -163,10 +163,9 @@ void tVariantCreateFromBinary(tVariant *pVar, char *pz, uint32_t len, uint32_t t
 void tVariantDestroy(tVariant *pVar) {
   if (pVar == NULL) return;
 
-  if ((pVar->nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY || pVar->nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NCHAR) && pVar->nLen > 0) {
+  if (pVar->nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_BINARY || pVar->nType == TSDB_DATA_TYPE_NCHAR) {
     free(pVar->pz);
     pVar->pz = NULL;
-    pVar->nLen = 0;
   }
 }