diff --git a/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_cn.rst b/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_cn.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3132d3eaa1713617cd880a125faa1986c921c2ca --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_cn.rst @@ -0,0 +1,239 @@ +PaddlePaddle 中的性能分析 +===================================== + +此教程将向您分步介绍如何使用内置的定时工具、 **nvprof** 或 **nvvp** 来运行性能分析和调优。 + +- 什么是性能分析? +- 为什么需要性能分析? +- 如何进行性能分析? +- 性能分析工具介绍 +- 详细教程 +- 性能分析小技巧 + +什么是性能分析? +================ +在软件工程的范畴里,性能分析(Profiling)是一个动态程序分析的术语,它可以指测量一个程序的空间(内存)复杂度或时间复杂度, +也可以说是某些特定指令的使用情况,或者是函数调用的频率和耗时等。通常情况下,分析得到的信息用于协助进行程序的优化。 + +简单来说,性能分析工具是用于给应用程序的性能做定量分析的。如果想很好的理解程序的行为,那程序分析工具是必不可少的利器。简单的性能分析,可以告诉您某个操作到底花了多长时间?而更深入的分析,甚至能解释为什么某个操作花了很长时间? + +为什么需要性能分析? +============================ +训练好一个深层神经网络通常要耗费非常长的时间,所以性能也就逐步变成了深度学习领域最重要的指标。 +而优化性能的首要任务,是需要了解哪些步骤拖慢了整体。 +如果某一块根本就不怎么耗时,那也就不需要急着优化性能啦! + +如何进行性能分析? +======================== +为了达到性能最优,您可以采用下面五个步骤: + +- 对代码进行性能分析 +- 找到运行慢的部分 +- 找到运行慢的原因 +- 修改成更快的版本 +- 再次对代码进行性能分析 + +Usually, processor has two key performance limits include float point throughput and +memory throughput. For GPU, it also need more parallelism to fulfill its potential. +This is why they can be so fast. + +通常情况下,处理器有两个关键性能限制:一个是浮点计算量,另一个是内存操作量。 +GPU则还需要高并行性,才能发挥其全部能力。这正是它们速度快的原因。 + +性能分析工具介绍 +====================== +就通常的GPU性能分析来说,市面上已经有NVIDIA或第三方提供的众多工具。 + +**nvprof** 是Nvidia性能分析工具, **nvvp** 则是带GUI的Nvidia可视化性能分析工具。 +在这个教程中,我们主要会介绍nvprof和nvvp。 + +:code:`test_GpuProfiler` from :code:`paddle/math/tests` directory will be used to evaluate +above profilers. + +:code:`paddle/math/test` 目录中的 :code:`test_GpuProfiler` 就是用于展示上述分析工具的用法。 + +.. literalinclude:: ../../../paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler.cpp + :language: c++ + :lines: 137-151 + :linenos: + +上述的代码片段包含了两种方法,您可以任意使用一个或两个来对感兴趣的代码段做性能分析。 + +1. :code:`REGISTER_TIMER_INFO` 是一个内置的定时器封装,可以用来计算CPU函数或cuda内核的时间消耗。 + +2. :code:`REGISTER_GPU_PROFILER` is a general purpose wrapper object of :code:`cudaProfilerStart` and :code:`cudaProfilerStop` to avoid +program crashes when CPU version of PaddlePaddle invokes them. + +3. :code:`REGISTER_GPU_PROFILER` 是一个封装对象,封装了 :code:`cudaProfilerStart` 和 :code:`cudaProfileStop` 两个操作;同时其内部实现可以避免纯CPU版本PaddlePaddle在执行本语句时发生崩溃。 + +您会在接下来的部分中获得更多的细节介绍。 + +详细教程 +============ + +内置定时器 +------------ + +如果想要启用PaddlePaddle的内置定时器,您首先需要在相关代码段中加入 :code:`REGISTER_TIMER_INFO`。 +接下来就可以使用 :code:`printStatus` 或者 :code:`printAllStatus` 函数来将信息输出到界面中。 +下面举个简单的例子: + +1. 加入 :code:`REGISTER_TIMER_INFO` 和 :code:`printAllStatus` 函数(如高亮部分)。 + + .. literalinclude:: ../../../paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler.cpp + :language: c++ + :lines: 137-151 + :emphasize-lines: 8-12,14 + :linenos: + +2. cmake配置中将 **WITH_TIMER** 打开,重新编译PaddlePaddle。 + + .. code-block:: bash + + cmake .. -DWITH_TIMER=ON + make + +3. 执行您的代码,并观察结果(如高亮部分)。 + + .. code-block:: bash + :emphasize-lines: 1,12-15 + + > ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + I1117 11:13:42.313065 2522362816 Util.cpp:155] commandline: ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + I1117 11:13:42.845065 2522362816 Util.cpp:130] Calling runInitFunctions + I1117 11:13:42.845208 2522362816 Util.cpp:143] Call runInitFunctions done. + [==========] Running 1 test from 1 test case. + [----------] Global test environment set-up. + [----------] 1 test from Profiler + [ RUN ] Profiler.BilinearFwdBwd + I1117 11:13:42.845310 2522362816 test_GpuProfiler.cpp:114] Enable GPU Profiler Stat: [testBilinearFwdBwd] "numSamples = 10, channels = 16, im + gSizeX = 64, imgSizeY = 64" + I1117 11:13:42.850154 2522362816 ThreadLocal.cpp:37] thread use undeterministic rand seed:20659751 + I1117 11:13:42.981501 2522362816 Stat.cpp:130] ======= StatSet: [GlobalStatInfo] status ====== + I1117 11:13:42.981539 2522362816 Stat.cpp:133] Stat=testBilinearFwdBwd total=136.141 avg=136.141 max=136.141 min=136.141 count=1 + I1117 11:13:42.981572 2522362816 Stat.cpp:141] ======= BarrierStatSet status ====== + I1117 11:13:42.981575 2522362816 Stat.cpp:154] -------------------------------------------------- + [ OK ] Profiler.BilinearFwdBwd (136 ms) + [----------] 1 test from Profiler (136 ms total) + + [----------] Global test environment tear-down + [==========] 1 test from 1 test case ran. (136 ms total) + [ PASSED ] 1 test. + +nvprof 工具 +---------------- + +要使用命令行分析工具 **nvprof**,您按如下步骤操作即可: + +1. 将 :code:`REGISTER_GPU_PROFILER` 函数加到代码中(参考强调部分)。 + + .. literalinclude:: ../../../paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler.cpp + :language: c++ + :lines: 137-151 + :emphasize-lines: 6-7 + :linenos: + +2. cmake中将 **WITH_PROFILER** 配置打开,重新编译PaddlePaddle。 + + .. code-block:: bash + + cmake .. -DWITH_PROFILER=ON + make + +3. 使用 **nvprof** 来分析执行文件。 + + .. code-block:: bash + + nvprof ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + +然后,您就能获得如下的分析结果: + +.. code-block:: bash + + ==78544== Profiling application: ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + ==78544== Profiling result: + Time(%) Time Calls Avg Min Max Name + 27.60% 9.6305ms 5 1.9261ms 3.4560us 6.4035ms [CUDA memcpy HtoD] + 26.07% 9.0957ms 1 9.0957ms 9.0957ms 9.0957ms KeBilinearInterpBw + 23.78% 8.2977ms 1 8.2977ms 8.2977ms 8.2977ms KeBilinearInterpFw + 22.55% 7.8661ms 2 3.9330ms 1.5798ms 6.2863ms [CUDA memcpy DtoH] + + ==78544== API calls: + Time(%) Time Calls Avg Min Max Name + 46.85% 682.28ms 8 85.285ms 12.639us 682.03ms cudaStreamCreateWithFlags + 39.83% 580.00ms 4 145.00ms 302ns 550.27ms cudaFree + 9.82% 143.03ms 9 15.892ms 8.7090us 142.78ms cudaStreamCreate + 1.23% 17.983ms 7 2.5690ms 23.210us 6.4563ms cudaMemcpy + 1.23% 17.849ms 2 8.9247ms 8.4726ms 9.3768ms cudaStreamSynchronize + 0.66% 9.5969ms 7 1.3710ms 288.43us 2.4279ms cudaHostAlloc + 0.13% 1.9530ms 11 177.54us 7.6810us 591.06us cudaMalloc + 0.07% 1.0424ms 8 130.30us 1.6970us 453.72us cudaGetDevice + 0.04% 527.90us 40 13.197us 525ns 253.99us cudaEventCreateWithFlags + 0.03% 435.73us 348 1.2520us 124ns 42.704us cuDeviceGetAttribute + 0.03% 419.36us 1 419.36us 419.36us 419.36us cudaGetDeviceCount + 0.02% 260.75us 2 130.38us 129.32us 131.43us cudaGetDeviceProperties + 0.02% 222.32us 2 111.16us 106.94us 115.39us cudaLaunch + 0.01% 214.06us 4 53.514us 28.586us 77.655us cuDeviceGetName + 0.01% 115.45us 4 28.861us 9.8250us 44.526us cuDeviceTotalMem + 0.01% 83.988us 4 20.997us 578ns 77.760us cudaSetDevice + 0.00% 38.918us 1 38.918us 38.918us 38.918us cudaEventCreate + 0.00% 34.573us 31 1.1150us 279ns 12.784us cudaDeviceGetAttribute + 0.00% 17.767us 1 17.767us 17.767us 17.767us cudaProfilerStart + 0.00% 15.228us 2 7.6140us 3.5460us 11.682us cudaConfigureCall + 0.00% 14.536us 2 7.2680us 1.1490us 13.387us cudaGetLastError + 0.00% 8.6080us 26 331ns 173ns 783ns cudaSetupArgument + 0.00% 5.5470us 6 924ns 215ns 2.6780us cuDeviceGet + 0.00% 5.4090us 6 901ns 328ns 3.3320us cuDeviceGetCount + 0.00% 4.1770us 3 1.3920us 1.0630us 1.8300us cuDriverGetVersion + 0.00% 3.4650us 3 1.1550us 1.0810us 1.2680us cuInit + 0.00% 830ns 1 830ns 830ns 830ns cudaRuntimeGetVersion + + +nvvp 工具 +-------------- + +如果想使用可视化的分析器 **nvvp**,您可以导入 :code:`nvprof -o ...` 的输出,或者从工具的界面里运行您的应用。 + +**备注: nvvp 也支持CPU的性能分析** (需在nvvp界面中选上才能开启) + +.. image:: nvvp1.png + :align: center + :scale: 33% + +从内核函数的角度, **nvvp** 可以精确说明一个长耗时操作的具体原因。 +同时,如下图所示, **nvvp** 的内核block使用情况、register使用情况和共享内存使用情况能让我们对GPU的整体使用有更好的理解。 + + +.. image:: nvvp2.png + :align: center + :scale: 33% + +而从应用的角度, **nvvp** 可以帮您提供一些定位性能瓶颈的建议。 +例如,下图中就展示了一些关于data movement和compute utilization的建议,为您做性能调优提供了方向。 + +.. image:: nvvp3.png + :align: center + :scale: 33% + +.. image:: nvvp4.png + :align: center + :scale: 33% + +性能分析小技巧 +================== + +- 开始阶段,从 **nvprof** 和 **nvvp** 的输出信息入手是个不错的选择。 +- 接下来可以考虑下时间线的分析。 +- 如果真想挖掘内核深处的某个秘密,您最好先确认:这一块的耗时比例真的太高,值得深入分析。 +- 可能的情况下,试着让输出的分析数据和理论值对应。 + + 1) 例如,如果我知道内核花了10ms来移动1GB数据,那我会期望分析工具统计到速度是100GB/s。 + 2) 若有不一致之处,很有可能实际应用就是没有按照您的预期情况运行。 +- 了解您的硬件:如果您的GPU理论可以达到6 TFLOPs(6万亿次浮点运算每秒),而当前已经有5.5 TFLOPs了,那估计这里的潜力就没啥好挖的了…… + +性能分析是性能优化的关键一步。有的时候简简单单的改变就能在性能上产生明显的优化效果! +当然,具体情况因人而异。 + +参考资料 +=========== +Jeremy Appleyard, `GPU Profiling for Deep Learning `_, 2015 diff --git a/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_en.rst b/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_en.rst index 40ba698f4e571dfd9370fcfb9382ea50e814ca2e..0e3e6f934265fcf29b39651075718d12e1c1768d 100644 --- a/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_en.rst +++ b/doc/howto/optimization/gpu_profiling_en.rst @@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ For general GPU profiling, a bunch of tools are provided from both NVIDIA and th In this tutorial, we will focus on nvprof and nvvp. :code:`test_GpuProfiler` from :code:`paddle/math/tests` directory will be used to evaluate -above profilers. +above profilers. .. literalinclude:: ../../../paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler.cpp :language: c++ @@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ As a simple example, consider the following: .. literalinclude:: ../../../paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler.cpp :language: c++ - :lines: 111-124 - :emphasize-lines: 8-10,13 + :lines: 137-151 + :emphasize-lines: 8-12,14 :linenos: 2. Configure cmake with **WITH_TIMER** and recompile PaddlePaddle. @@ -90,31 +90,31 @@ As a simple example, consider the following: cmake .. -DWITH_TIMER=ON make -3. Execute your code and observe the results (see the emphasize-lines). +3. Execute your code and observe the results (see the emphasize-lines). .. code-block:: bash :emphasize-lines: 1,12-15 - > ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler - I1117 11:13:42.313065 2522362816 Util.cpp:155] commandline: ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler - I1117 11:13:42.845065 2522362816 Util.cpp:130] Calling runInitFunctions - I1117 11:13:42.845208 2522362816 Util.cpp:143] Call runInitFunctions done. - [==========] Running 1 test from 1 test case. - [----------] Global test environment set-up. - [----------] 1 test from Profiler - [ RUN ] Profiler.BilinearFwdBwd + > ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + I1117 11:13:42.313065 2522362816 Util.cpp:155] commandline: ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + I1117 11:13:42.845065 2522362816 Util.cpp:130] Calling runInitFunctions + I1117 11:13:42.845208 2522362816 Util.cpp:143] Call runInitFunctions done. + [==========] Running 1 test from 1 test case. + [----------] Global test environment set-up. + [----------] 1 test from Profiler + [ RUN ] Profiler.BilinearFwdBwd I1117 11:13:42.845310 2522362816 test_GpuProfiler.cpp:114] Enable GPU Profiler Stat: [testBilinearFwdBwd] "numSamples = 10, channels = 16, im - gSizeX = 64, imgSizeY = 64" - I1117 11:13:42.850154 2522362816 ThreadLocal.cpp:37] thread use undeterministic rand seed:20659751 - I1117 11:13:42.981501 2522362816 Stat.cpp:130] ======= StatSet: [GlobalStatInfo] status ====== - I1117 11:13:42.981539 2522362816 Stat.cpp:133] Stat=testBilinearFwdBwd total=136.141 avg=136.141 max=136.141 min=136.141 count=1 - I1117 11:13:42.981572 2522362816 Stat.cpp:141] ======= BarrierStatSet status ====== - I1117 11:13:42.981575 2522362816 Stat.cpp:154] -------------------------------------------------- - [ OK ] Profiler.BilinearFwdBwd (136 ms) - [----------] 1 test from Profiler (136 ms total) - - [----------] Global test environment tear-down - [==========] 1 test from 1 test case ran. (136 ms total) + gSizeX = 64, imgSizeY = 64" + I1117 11:13:42.850154 2522362816 ThreadLocal.cpp:37] thread use undeterministic rand seed:20659751 + I1117 11:13:42.981501 2522362816 Stat.cpp:130] ======= StatSet: [GlobalStatInfo] status ====== + I1117 11:13:42.981539 2522362816 Stat.cpp:133] Stat=testBilinearFwdBwd total=136.141 avg=136.141 max=136.141 min=136.141 count=1 + I1117 11:13:42.981572 2522362816 Stat.cpp:141] ======= BarrierStatSet status ====== + I1117 11:13:42.981575 2522362816 Stat.cpp:154] -------------------------------------------------- + [ OK ] Profiler.BilinearFwdBwd (136 ms) + [----------] 1 test from Profiler (136 ms total) + + [----------] Global test environment tear-down + [==========] 1 test from 1 test case ran. (136 ms total) [ PASSED ] 1 test. nvprof profiler @@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ To use this command line profiler **nvprof**, you can simply issue the following .. literalinclude:: ../../../paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler.cpp :language: c++ - :lines: 111-124 + :lines: 137-151 :emphasize-lines: 6-7 :linenos: @@ -147,42 +147,42 @@ Then, you can get the following profiling result: .. code-block:: bash - ==78544== Profiling application: ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler - ==78544== Profiling result: - Time(%) Time Calls Avg Min Max Name - 27.60% 9.6305ms 5 1.9261ms 3.4560us 6.4035ms [CUDA memcpy HtoD] - 26.07% 9.0957ms 1 9.0957ms 9.0957ms 9.0957ms KeBilinearInterpBw - 23.78% 8.2977ms 1 8.2977ms 8.2977ms 8.2977ms KeBilinearInterpFw - 22.55% 7.8661ms 2 3.9330ms 1.5798ms 6.2863ms [CUDA memcpy DtoH] - - ==78544== API calls: - Time(%) Time Calls Avg Min Max Name - 46.85% 682.28ms 8 85.285ms 12.639us 682.03ms cudaStreamCreateWithFlags - 39.83% 580.00ms 4 145.00ms 302ns 550.27ms cudaFree - 9.82% 143.03ms 9 15.892ms 8.7090us 142.78ms cudaStreamCreate - 1.23% 17.983ms 7 2.5690ms 23.210us 6.4563ms cudaMemcpy - 1.23% 17.849ms 2 8.9247ms 8.4726ms 9.3768ms cudaStreamSynchronize - 0.66% 9.5969ms 7 1.3710ms 288.43us 2.4279ms cudaHostAlloc - 0.13% 1.9530ms 11 177.54us 7.6810us 591.06us cudaMalloc - 0.07% 1.0424ms 8 130.30us 1.6970us 453.72us cudaGetDevice - 0.04% 527.90us 40 13.197us 525ns 253.99us cudaEventCreateWithFlags - 0.03% 435.73us 348 1.2520us 124ns 42.704us cuDeviceGetAttribute - 0.03% 419.36us 1 419.36us 419.36us 419.36us cudaGetDeviceCount - 0.02% 260.75us 2 130.38us 129.32us 131.43us cudaGetDeviceProperties - 0.02% 222.32us 2 111.16us 106.94us 115.39us cudaLaunch - 0.01% 214.06us 4 53.514us 28.586us 77.655us cuDeviceGetName - 0.01% 115.45us 4 28.861us 9.8250us 44.526us cuDeviceTotalMem - 0.01% 83.988us 4 20.997us 578ns 77.760us cudaSetDevice - 0.00% 38.918us 1 38.918us 38.918us 38.918us cudaEventCreate - 0.00% 34.573us 31 1.1150us 279ns 12.784us cudaDeviceGetAttribute - 0.00% 17.767us 1 17.767us 17.767us 17.767us cudaProfilerStart - 0.00% 15.228us 2 7.6140us 3.5460us 11.682us cudaConfigureCall - 0.00% 14.536us 2 7.2680us 1.1490us 13.387us cudaGetLastError - 0.00% 8.6080us 26 331ns 173ns 783ns cudaSetupArgument - 0.00% 5.5470us 6 924ns 215ns 2.6780us cuDeviceGet - 0.00% 5.4090us 6 901ns 328ns 3.3320us cuDeviceGetCount - 0.00% 4.1770us 3 1.3920us 1.0630us 1.8300us cuDriverGetVersion - 0.00% 3.4650us 3 1.1550us 1.0810us 1.2680us cuInit + ==78544== Profiling application: ./paddle/math/tests/test_GpuProfiler + ==78544== Profiling result: + Time(%) Time Calls Avg Min Max Name + 27.60% 9.6305ms 5 1.9261ms 3.4560us 6.4035ms [CUDA memcpy HtoD] + 26.07% 9.0957ms 1 9.0957ms 9.0957ms 9.0957ms KeBilinearInterpBw + 23.78% 8.2977ms 1 8.2977ms 8.2977ms 8.2977ms KeBilinearInterpFw + 22.55% 7.8661ms 2 3.9330ms 1.5798ms 6.2863ms [CUDA memcpy DtoH] + + ==78544== API calls: + Time(%) Time Calls Avg Min Max Name + 46.85% 682.28ms 8 85.285ms 12.639us 682.03ms cudaStreamCreateWithFlags + 39.83% 580.00ms 4 145.00ms 302ns 550.27ms cudaFree + 9.82% 143.03ms 9 15.892ms 8.7090us 142.78ms cudaStreamCreate + 1.23% 17.983ms 7 2.5690ms 23.210us 6.4563ms cudaMemcpy + 1.23% 17.849ms 2 8.9247ms 8.4726ms 9.3768ms cudaStreamSynchronize + 0.66% 9.5969ms 7 1.3710ms 288.43us 2.4279ms cudaHostAlloc + 0.13% 1.9530ms 11 177.54us 7.6810us 591.06us cudaMalloc + 0.07% 1.0424ms 8 130.30us 1.6970us 453.72us cudaGetDevice + 0.04% 527.90us 40 13.197us 525ns 253.99us cudaEventCreateWithFlags + 0.03% 435.73us 348 1.2520us 124ns 42.704us cuDeviceGetAttribute + 0.03% 419.36us 1 419.36us 419.36us 419.36us cudaGetDeviceCount + 0.02% 260.75us 2 130.38us 129.32us 131.43us cudaGetDeviceProperties + 0.02% 222.32us 2 111.16us 106.94us 115.39us cudaLaunch + 0.01% 214.06us 4 53.514us 28.586us 77.655us cuDeviceGetName + 0.01% 115.45us 4 28.861us 9.8250us 44.526us cuDeviceTotalMem + 0.01% 83.988us 4 20.997us 578ns 77.760us cudaSetDevice + 0.00% 38.918us 1 38.918us 38.918us 38.918us cudaEventCreate + 0.00% 34.573us 31 1.1150us 279ns 12.784us cudaDeviceGetAttribute + 0.00% 17.767us 1 17.767us 17.767us 17.767us cudaProfilerStart + 0.00% 15.228us 2 7.6140us 3.5460us 11.682us cudaConfigureCall + 0.00% 14.536us 2 7.2680us 1.1490us 13.387us cudaGetLastError + 0.00% 8.6080us 26 331ns 173ns 783ns cudaSetupArgument + 0.00% 5.5470us 6 924ns 215ns 2.6780us cuDeviceGet + 0.00% 5.4090us 6 901ns 328ns 3.3320us cuDeviceGetCount + 0.00% 4.1770us 3 1.3920us 1.0630us 1.8300us cuDriverGetVersion + 0.00% 3.4650us 3 1.1550us 1.0810us 1.2680us cuInit 0.00% 830ns 1 830ns 830ns 830ns cudaRuntimeGetVersion