diff --git a/paddle/fluid/operators/sequence_ops/sequence_softmax_op.h b/paddle/fluid/operators/sequence_ops/sequence_softmax_op.h
index ed49e9471458cbca2d4760d966ef30033f292778..0555e4ee003e64e834320c23246dbfb900f445ee 100644
--- a/paddle/fluid/operators/sequence_ops/sequence_softmax_op.h
+++ b/paddle/fluid/operators/sequence_ops/sequence_softmax_op.h
@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ class SequenceSoftmaxKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     auto dims = x->dims();
 
     const size_t level = lod.size() - 1;
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_GT(
+        lod.size(), 0U,
+        "The LoD level of Input X should be larger than 0 (lod.size() > 0).");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(dims[0], static_cast<int64_t>(lod[level].back()),
                       "The first dimension of Input(X) should be equal to the "
                       "sum of all sequences' lengths.");