"""
RefererMiddleware: populates Request referer field, based on the Response which
originated it.
"""
import warnings
from typing import Tuple
from urllib.parse import urlparse

from w3lib.url import safe_url_string

from scrapy import signals
from scrapy.exceptions import NotConfigured
from scrapy.http import Request, Response
from scrapy.utils.misc import load_object
from scrapy.utils.python import to_unicode
from scrapy.utils.url import strip_url


LOCAL_SCHEMES = ('about', 'blob', 'data', 'filesystem',)

POLICY_NO_REFERRER = "no-referrer"
POLICY_NO_REFERRER_WHEN_DOWNGRADE = "no-referrer-when-downgrade"
POLICY_SAME_ORIGIN = "same-origin"
POLICY_ORIGIN = "origin"
POLICY_STRICT_ORIGIN = "strict-origin"
POLICY_ORIGIN_WHEN_CROSS_ORIGIN = "origin-when-cross-origin"
POLICY_STRICT_ORIGIN_WHEN_CROSS_ORIGIN = "strict-origin-when-cross-origin"
POLICY_UNSAFE_URL = "unsafe-url"
POLICY_SCRAPY_DEFAULT = "scrapy-default"


class ReferrerPolicy:

    NOREFERRER_SCHEMES: Tuple[str, ...] = LOCAL_SCHEMES
    name: str

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def stripped_referrer(self, url):
        if urlparse(url).scheme not in self.NOREFERRER_SCHEMES:
            return self.strip_url(url)

    def origin_referrer(self, url):
        if urlparse(url).scheme not in self.NOREFERRER_SCHEMES:
            return self.origin(url)

    def strip_url(self, url, origin_only=False):
        """
        https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#strip-url

        If url is null, return no referrer.
        If url's scheme is a local scheme, then return no referrer.
        Set url's username to the empty string.
        Set url's password to null.
        Set url's fragment to null.
        If the origin-only flag is true, then:
            Set url's path to null.
            Set url's query to null.
        Return url.
        """
        if not url:
            return None
        return strip_url(url,
                         strip_credentials=True,
                         strip_fragment=True,
                         strip_default_port=True,
                         origin_only=origin_only)

    def origin(self, url):
        """Return serialized origin (scheme, host, path) for a request or response URL."""
        return self.strip_url(url, origin_only=True)

    def potentially_trustworthy(self, url):
        # Note: this does not follow https://w3c.github.io/webappsec-secure-contexts/#is-url-trustworthy
        parsed_url = urlparse(url)
        if parsed_url.scheme in ('data',):
            return False
        return self.tls_protected(url)

    def tls_protected(self, url):
        return urlparse(url).scheme in ('https', 'ftps')


class NoReferrerPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-no-referrer

    The simplest policy is "no-referrer", which specifies that no referrer information
    is to be sent along with requests made from a particular request client to any origin.
    The header will be omitted entirely.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_NO_REFERRER

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        return None


class NoReferrerWhenDowngradePolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-no-referrer-when-downgrade

    The "no-referrer-when-downgrade" policy sends a full URL along with requests
    from a TLS-protected environment settings object to a potentially trustworthy URL,
    and requests from clients which are not TLS-protected to any origin.

    Requests from TLS-protected clients to non-potentially trustworthy URLs,
    on the other hand, will contain no referrer information.
    A Referer HTTP header will not be sent.

    This is a user agent's default behavior, if no policy is otherwise specified.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_NO_REFERRER_WHEN_DOWNGRADE

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        if not self.tls_protected(response_url) or self.tls_protected(request_url):
            return self.stripped_referrer(response_url)


class SameOriginPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-same-origin

    The "same-origin" policy specifies that a full URL, stripped for use as a referrer,
    is sent as referrer information when making same-origin requests from a particular request client.

    Cross-origin requests, on the other hand, will contain no referrer information.
    A Referer HTTP header will not be sent.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_SAME_ORIGIN

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        if self.origin(response_url) == self.origin(request_url):
            return self.stripped_referrer(response_url)


class OriginPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-origin

    The "origin" policy specifies that only the ASCII serialization
    of the origin of the request client is sent as referrer information
    when making both same-origin requests and cross-origin requests
    from a particular request client.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_ORIGIN

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        return self.origin_referrer(response_url)


class StrictOriginPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-strict-origin

    The "strict-origin" policy sends the ASCII serialization
    of the origin of the request client when making requests:
    - from a TLS-protected environment settings object to a potentially trustworthy URL, and
    - from non-TLS-protected environment settings objects to any origin.

    Requests from TLS-protected request clients to non- potentially trustworthy URLs,
    on the other hand, will contain no referrer information.
    A Referer HTTP header will not be sent.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_STRICT_ORIGIN

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        if (
            self.tls_protected(response_url) and self.potentially_trustworthy(request_url)
            or not self.tls_protected(response_url)
        ):
            return self.origin_referrer(response_url)


class OriginWhenCrossOriginPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-origin-when-cross-origin

    The "origin-when-cross-origin" policy specifies that a full URL,
    stripped for use as a referrer, is sent as referrer information
    when making same-origin requests from a particular request client,
    and only the ASCII serialization of the origin of the request client
    is sent as referrer information when making cross-origin requests
    from a particular request client.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_ORIGIN_WHEN_CROSS_ORIGIN

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        origin = self.origin(response_url)
        if origin == self.origin(request_url):
            return self.stripped_referrer(response_url)
        else:
            return origin


class StrictOriginWhenCrossOriginPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-strict-origin-when-cross-origin

    The "strict-origin-when-cross-origin" policy specifies that a full URL,
    stripped for use as a referrer, is sent as referrer information
    when making same-origin requests from a particular request client,
    and only the ASCII serialization of the origin of the request client
    when making cross-origin requests:

    - from a TLS-protected environment settings object to a potentially trustworthy URL, and
    - from non-TLS-protected environment settings objects to any origin.

    Requests from TLS-protected clients to non- potentially trustworthy URLs,
    on the other hand, will contain no referrer information.
    A Referer HTTP header will not be sent.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_STRICT_ORIGIN_WHEN_CROSS_ORIGIN

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        origin = self.origin(response_url)
        if origin == self.origin(request_url):
            return self.stripped_referrer(response_url)
        elif (
            self.tls_protected(response_url) and self.potentially_trustworthy(request_url)
            or not self.tls_protected(response_url)
        ):
            return self.origin_referrer(response_url)


class UnsafeUrlPolicy(ReferrerPolicy):
    """
    https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-unsafe-url

    The "unsafe-url" policy specifies that a full URL, stripped for use as a referrer,
    is sent along with both cross-origin requests
    and same-origin requests made from a particular request client.

    Note: The policy's name doesn't lie; it is unsafe.
    This policy will leak origins and paths from TLS-protected resources
    to insecure origins.
    Carefully consider the impact of setting such a policy for potentially sensitive documents.
    """
    name: str = POLICY_UNSAFE_URL

    def referrer(self, response_url, request_url):
        return self.stripped_referrer(response_url)


class DefaultReferrerPolicy(NoReferrerWhenDowngradePolicy):
    """
    A variant of "no-referrer-when-downgrade",
    with the addition that "Referer" is not sent if the parent request was
    using ``file://`` or ``s3://`` scheme.
    """
    NOREFERRER_SCHEMES: Tuple[str, ...] = LOCAL_SCHEMES + ('file', 's3')
    name: str = POLICY_SCRAPY_DEFAULT


_policy_classes = {p.name: p for p in (
    NoReferrerPolicy,
    NoReferrerWhenDowngradePolicy,
    SameOriginPolicy,
    OriginPolicy,
    StrictOriginPolicy,
    OriginWhenCrossOriginPolicy,
    StrictOriginWhenCrossOriginPolicy,
    UnsafeUrlPolicy,
    DefaultReferrerPolicy,
)}

# Reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policy-empty-string
_policy_classes[''] = NoReferrerWhenDowngradePolicy


def _load_policy_class(policy, warning_only=False):
    """
    Expect a string for the path to the policy class,
    otherwise try to interpret the string as a standard value
    from https://www.w3.org/TR/referrer-policy/#referrer-policies
    """
    try:
        return load_object(policy)
    except ValueError:
        try:
            return _policy_classes[policy.lower()]
        except KeyError:
            msg = f"Could not load referrer policy {policy!r}"
            if not warning_only:
                raise RuntimeError(msg)
            else:
                warnings.warn(msg, RuntimeWarning)
                return None


class RefererMiddleware:

    def __init__(self, settings=None):
        self.default_policy = DefaultReferrerPolicy
        if settings is not None:
            self.default_policy = _load_policy_class(
                settings.get('REFERRER_POLICY'))

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        if not crawler.settings.getbool('REFERER_ENABLED'):
            raise NotConfigured
        mw = cls(crawler.settings)

        # Note: this hook is a bit of a hack to intercept redirections
        crawler.signals.connect(mw.request_scheduled, signal=signals.request_scheduled)

        return mw

    def policy(self, resp_or_url, request):
        """
        Determine Referrer-Policy to use from a parent Response (or URL),
        and a Request to be sent.

        - if a valid policy is set in Request meta, it is used.
        - if the policy is set in meta but is wrong (e.g. a typo error),
          the policy from settings is used
        - if the policy is not set in Request meta,
          but there is a Referrer-policy header in the parent response,
          it is used if valid
        - otherwise, the policy from settings is used.
        """
        policy_name = request.meta.get('referrer_policy')
        if policy_name is None:
            if isinstance(resp_or_url, Response):
                policy_header = resp_or_url.headers.get('Referrer-Policy')
                if policy_header is not None:
                    policy_name = to_unicode(policy_header.decode('latin1'))
        if policy_name is None:
            return self.default_policy()

        cls = _load_policy_class(policy_name, warning_only=True)
        return cls() if cls else self.default_policy()

    def process_spider_output(self, response, result, spider):
        def _set_referer(r):
            if isinstance(r, Request):
                referrer = self.policy(response, r).referrer(response.url, r.url)
                if referrer is not None:
                    r.headers.setdefault('Referer', referrer)
            return r
        return (_set_referer(r) for r in result or ())

    def request_scheduled(self, request, spider):
        # check redirected request to patch "Referer" header if necessary
        redirected_urls = request.meta.get('redirect_urls', [])
        if redirected_urls:
            request_referrer = request.headers.get('Referer')
            # we don't patch the referrer value if there is none
            if request_referrer is not None:
                # the request's referrer header value acts as a surrogate
                # for the parent response URL
                #
                # Note: if the 3xx response contained a Referrer-Policy header,
                #       the information is not available using this hook
                parent_url = safe_url_string(request_referrer)
                policy_referrer = self.policy(parent_url, request).referrer(
                    parent_url, request.url)
                if policy_referrer != request_referrer:
                    if policy_referrer is None:
                        request.headers.pop('Referer')
                    else:
                        request.headers['Referer'] = policy_referrer
