提交 52d945ac 编写于 作者: 沉默王二's avatar 沉默王二 💬

并发编程第二弹

上级 5d168dcc
此差异已折叠。
...@@ -11,69 +11,74 @@ tag: ...@@ -11,69 +11,74 @@ tag:
LockSupport位于java.util.concurrent.locks包下,有兴趣的可以直接去看源码,该类的方法并不是很多。LockSupprot是线程的阻塞原语,用来阻塞线程和唤醒线程。每个使用LockSupport的线程都会与一个许可关联,如果该许可可用,并且可在线程中使用,则调用park()将会立即返回,否则可能阻塞。如果许可尚不可用,则可以调用 unpark 使其可用。但是注意许可**不可重入**,也就是说只能调用一次park()方法,否则会一直阻塞。 LockSupport位于java.util.concurrent.locks包下,有兴趣的可以直接去看源码,该类的方法并不是很多。LockSupprot是线程的阻塞原语,用来阻塞线程和唤醒线程。每个使用LockSupport的线程都会与一个许可关联,如果该许可可用,并且可在线程中使用,则调用park()将会立即返回,否则可能阻塞。如果许可尚不可用,则可以调用 unpark 使其可用。但是注意许可**不可重入**,也就是说只能调用一次park()方法,否则会一直阻塞。
## LockSupport方法介绍
LockSupport中的方法不多,这里将这些方法做一个总结: LockSupport中的方法不多,这里将这些方法做一个总结:
> **阻塞线程** ## **阻塞线程**
1. `void park()`:阻塞当前线程,如果调用unpark方法或者当前线程被中断,从能从park()方法中返回
2. `void park(Object blocker)`:功能同方法1,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
3. `void parkNanos(long nanos)`:阻塞当前线程,最长不超过nanos纳秒,增加了超时返回的特性;
4. `void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos)`:功能同方法3,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
5. `void parkUntil(long deadline)`:阻塞当前线程,知道deadline;
6. `void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline)`:功能同方法5,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
1. void park():阻塞当前线程,如果调用unpark方法或者当前线程被中断,从能从park()方法中返回 ## **唤醒线程**
2. void park(Object blocker):功能同方法1,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
3. void parkNanos(long nanos):阻塞当前线程,最长不超过nanos纳秒,增加了超时返回的特性;
4. void parkNanos(Object blocker, long nanos):功能同方法3,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
5. void parkUntil(long deadline):阻塞当前线程,知道deadline;
6. void parkUntil(Object blocker, long deadline):功能同方法5,入参增加一个Object对象,用来记录导致线程阻塞的阻塞对象,方便进行问题排查;
> **唤醒线程** `void unpark(Thread thread)`:唤醒处于阻塞状态的指定线程
void unpark(Thread thread):唤醒处于阻塞状态的指定线程 实际上LockSupport阻塞和唤醒线程的功能是依赖于sun.misc.Unsafe,这是一个很底层的类,有兴趣的可以去查阅资料,比如park()方法的功能实现则是靠unsafe.park()方法。
实际上LockSupport阻塞和唤醒线程的功能是依赖于sun.misc.Unsafe,这是一个很底层的类,有兴趣的可以去查阅资料,比如park()方法的功能实现则是靠unsafe.park()方法。另外在阻塞线程这一系列方法中还有一个很有意思的现象就是,每个方法都会新增一个带有Object的阻塞对象的重载方法。那么增加了一个Object对象的入参会有什么不同的地方了?示例代码很简单就不说了,直接看dump线程的信息。 另外在阻塞线程这一系列方法中还有一个很有意思的现象就是,每个方法都会新增一个带有Object的阻塞对象的重载方法。那么增加了一个Object对象的入参会有什么不同的地方了?示例代码很简单就不说了,直接看dump线程的信息。
**调用park()方法dump线程** **调用park()方法dump线程**
```java ```java
"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x02cdcc00 nid=0x2b48 waiting on condition [0x00d6f000] "main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x02cdcc00 nid=0x2b48 waiting on condition [0x00d6f000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking) java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method) at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:304) at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:304)
at learn.LockSupportDemo.main(LockSupportDemo.java:7) at learn.LockSupportDemo.main(LockSupportDemo.java:7)
``` ```
**调用park(Object blocker)方法dump线程** **调用park(Object blocker)方法dump线程**
``` ```
"main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0069cc00 nid=0x6c0 waiting on condition [0x00dcf000] "main" #1 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0069cc00 nid=0x6c0 waiting on condition [0x00dcf000]
java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking) java.lang.Thread.State: WAITING (parking)
at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method) at sun.misc.Unsafe.park(Native Method)
- parking to wait for <0x048c2d18> (a java.lang.String) - parking to wait for <0x048c2d18> (a java.lang.String)
at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175) at java.util.concurrent.locks.LockSupport.park(LockSupport.java:175)
at learn.LockSupportDemo.main(LockSupportDemo.java:7) at learn.LockSupportDemo.main(LockSupportDemo.java:7)
``` ```
通过分别调用这两个方法然后dump线程信息可以看出,带Object的park方法相较于无参的park方法会增加 `parking to wait for <0x048c2d18> (a java.lang.String)`的信息,这种信息就类似于记录“案发现场”,有助于工程人员能够迅速发现问题解决问题。 通过分别调用这两个方法然后dump线程信息可以看出,带Object的park方法相较于无参的park方法会增加 `parking to wait for <0x048c2d18> (a java.lang.String)`的信息,这种信息就类似于记录“案发现场”,有助于工程人员能够迅速发现问题解决问题。
有个有意思的事情是,我们都知道如果使用synchronzed阻塞了线程dump线程时都会有阻塞对象的描述,在java 5推出LockSupport时遗漏了这一点,在java 6时进行了补充。还有一点需要需要的是:**synchronzed致使线程阻塞,线程会进入到BLOCKED状态,而调用LockSupprt方法阻塞线程会致使线程进入到WAITING状态。** 有个有意思的事情是,我们都知道如果使用synchronzed阻塞了线程dump线程时都会有阻塞对象的描述,在java 5推出LockSupport时遗漏了这一点,在java 6时进行了补充。
## 一个例子 还有一点需要需要的是:**synchronzed致使线程阻塞,线程会进入到BLOCKED状态,而调用LockSupprt方法阻塞线程会致使线程进入到WAITING状态。**
用一个很简单的例子说说这些方法怎么用。 用一个很简单的例子说说这些方法怎么用。
```java ```java
public class LockSupportDemo { public class LockSupportDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) { public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> { Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
LockSupport.park(); LockSupport.park();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "被唤醒"); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "被唤醒");
}); });
thread.start(); thread.start();
try { try {
Thread.sleep(3000); Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) { } catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace(); e.printStackTrace();
} }
LockSupport.unpark(thread); LockSupport.unpark(thread);
} }
} }
``` ```
thread线程调用LockSupport.park()致使thread阻塞,当mian线程睡眠3秒结束后通过LockSupport.unpark(thread)方法唤醒thread线程,thread线程被唤醒执行后续操作。另外,还有一点值得关注的是,**LockSupport.unpark(thread)可以指定线程对象唤醒指定的线程** thread线程调用LockSupport.park()致使thread阻塞,当mian线程睡眠3秒结束后通过LockSupport.unpark(thread)方法唤醒thread线程,thread线程被唤醒执行后续操作。另外,还有一点值得关注的是,**`LockSupport.unpark(thread)`可以指定线程对象唤醒指定的线程**
--- ---
......
...@@ -85,13 +85,15 @@ protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) { ...@@ -85,13 +85,15 @@ protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
该方法是获取读锁被获取的次数,是将同步状态(int c)右移16次,即取同步状态的高16位,现在我们可以得出另外一个结论**同步状态的高16位用来表示读锁被获取的次数**。现在还记得我们开篇说的需要弄懂的第一个问题吗?读写锁是怎样实现分别记录读锁和写锁的状态的,现在这个问题的答案就已经被我们弄清楚了,其示意图如下图所示: 该方法是获取读锁被获取的次数,是将同步状态(int c)右移16次,即取同步状态的高16位,现在我们可以得出另外一个结论**同步状态的高16位用来表示读锁被获取的次数**。现在还记得我们开篇说的需要弄懂的第一个问题吗?读写锁是怎样实现分别记录读锁和写锁的状态的,现在这个问题的答案就已经被我们弄清楚了,其示意图如下图所示:
![读写锁的读写状态设计.png](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/itwanger/toBeBetterJavaer/images/thread/ReentrantReadWriteLock-609029e0-d0ed-41ee-9779-65e647bf91bc.png) ![读写锁的读写状态设计](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/itwanger/toBeBetterJavaer/images/thread/ReentrantReadWriteLock-f714bdd6-917a-4d25-ac11-7e85b0ec1b14.png)
现在我们回过头来看写锁获取方法tryAcquire,其主要逻辑为:**当读锁已经被读线程获取或者写锁已经被其他写线程获取,则写锁获取失败;否则,获取成功并支持重入,增加写状态。** 现在我们回过头来看写锁获取方法tryAcquire,其主要逻辑为:**当读锁已经被读线程获取或者写锁已经被其他写线程获取,则写锁获取失败;否则,获取成功并支持重入,增加写状态。**
### 写锁的释放 ### 写锁的释放
写锁释放通过重写AQS的tryRelease方法,源码为: 写锁释放通过重写AQS的tryRelease方法,源码为:
```java ```java
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) { protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
if (!isHeldExclusively()) if (!isHeldExclusively())
...@@ -112,8 +114,11 @@ protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) { ...@@ -112,8 +114,11 @@ protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
源码的实现逻辑请看注释,不难理解与ReentrantLock基本一致,这里需要注意的是,减少写状态` int nextc = getState() - releases;`只需要用**当前同步状态直接减去写状态的原因正是我们刚才所说的写状态是由同步状态的低16位表示的** 源码的实现逻辑请看注释,不难理解与ReentrantLock基本一致,这里需要注意的是,减少写状态` int nextc = getState() - releases;`只需要用**当前同步状态直接减去写状态的原因正是我们刚才所说的写状态是由同步状态的低16位表示的**
## 读锁详解 ## 读锁详解
### 读锁的获取 ### 读锁的获取
看完了写锁,现在来看看读锁,读锁不是独占式锁,即同一时刻该锁可以被多个读线程获取也就是一种共享式锁。按照之前对AQS介绍,实现共享式同步组件的同步语义需要通过重写AQS的tryAcquireShared方法和tryReleaseShared方法。读锁的获取实现方法为: 看完了写锁,现在来看看读锁,读锁不是独占式锁,即同一时刻该锁可以被多个读线程获取也就是一种共享式锁。按照之前对AQS介绍,实现共享式同步组件的同步语义需要通过重写AQS的tryAcquireShared方法和tryReleaseShared方法。读锁的获取实现方法为:
```java ```java
protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) { protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
/* /*
...@@ -166,9 +171,12 @@ protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) { ...@@ -166,9 +171,12 @@ protected final int tryAcquireShared(int unused) {
``` ```
代码的逻辑请看注释,需要注意的是 **当写锁被其他线程获取后,读锁获取失败**,否则获取成功利用CAS更新同步状态。另外,当前同步状态需要加上SHARED_UNIT(`(1 << SHARED_SHIFT)`即0x00010000)的原因这是我们在上面所说的同步状态的高16位用来表示读锁被获取的次数。如果CAS失败或者已经获取读锁的线程再次获取读锁时,是靠fullTryAcquireShared方法实现的,这段代码就不展开说了,有兴趣可以看看。 代码的逻辑请看注释,需要注意的是 **当写锁被其他线程获取后,读锁获取失败**,否则获取成功利用CAS更新同步状态。
另外,当前同步状态需要加上SHARED_UNIT(`(1 << SHARED_SHIFT)`即0x00010000)的原因这是我们在上面所说的同步状态的高16位用来表示读锁被获取的次数。如果CAS失败或者已经获取读锁的线程再次获取读锁时,是靠fullTryAcquireShared方法实现的,这段代码就不展开说了,有兴趣可以看看。
### 读锁的释放 ### 读锁的释放
读锁释放的实现主要通过方法tryReleaseShared,源码如下,主要逻辑请看注释: 读锁释放的实现主要通过方法tryReleaseShared,源码如下,主要逻辑请看注释:
```java ```java
...@@ -208,34 +216,35 @@ protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) { ...@@ -208,34 +216,35 @@ protected final boolean tryReleaseShared(int unused) {
## 锁降级 ## 锁降级
读写锁支持锁降级,**遵循按照获取写锁,获取读锁再释放写锁的次序,写锁能够降级成为读锁**,不支持锁升级,关于锁降级下面的示例代码摘自ReentrantWriteReadLock源码中: 读写锁支持锁降级,**遵循按照获取写锁,获取读锁再释放写锁的次序,写锁能够降级成为读锁**,不支持锁升级,关于锁降级下面的示例代码摘自ReentrantWriteReadLock源码中:
```java ```java
void processCachedData() { void processCachedData() {
rwl.readLock().lock(); rwl.readLock().lock();
if (!cacheValid) { if (!cacheValid) {
// Must release read lock before acquiring write lock // Must release read lock before acquiring write lock
rwl.readLock().unlock();
rwl.writeLock().lock();
try {
// Recheck state because another thread might have
// acquired write lock and changed state before we did.
if (!cacheValid) {
data = ...
cacheValid = true;
}
// Downgrade by acquiring read lock before releasing write lock
rwl.readLock().lock();
} finally {
rwl.writeLock().unlock(); // Unlock write, still hold read
}
}
try {
use(data);
} finally {
rwl.readLock().unlock(); rwl.readLock().unlock();
rwl.writeLock().lock();
try {
// Recheck state because another thread might have
// acquired write lock and changed state before we did.
if (!cacheValid) {
data = ...
cacheValid = true;
} }
// Downgrade by acquiring read lock before releasing write lock
rwl.readLock().lock();
} finally {
rwl.writeLock().unlock(); // Unlock write, still hold read
} }
}
try {
use(data);
} finally {
rwl.readLock().unlock();
}
} }
``` ```
......
此差异已折叠。
...@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ public class TestVector { ...@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ public class TestVector {
并发容器是Java 5 提供的在多线程编程下用于代替同步容器,针对不同的应用场景进行设计,提高容器的并发访问性,同时定义了线程安全的复合操作。 并发容器是Java 5 提供的在多线程编程下用于代替同步容器,针对不同的应用场景进行设计,提高容器的并发访问性,同时定义了线程安全的复合操作。
## 并发容器类介绍 ## 并发容器类介绍
整体架构(列举常用的容器类) 整体架构(列举常用的容器类)
![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/itwanger/toBeBetterJavaer/images/thread/map-a6a020a3-4573-4cf8-b5ae-1541ae45801c.png) ![](https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/itwanger/toBeBetterJavaer/images/thread/map-a6a020a3-4573-4cf8-b5ae-1541ae45801c.png)
...@@ -85,13 +87,13 @@ public interface ConcurrentMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V> { ...@@ -85,13 +87,13 @@ public interface ConcurrentMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V> {
} }
``` ```
**putIfAbsent:**与原有put方法不同的是,putIfAbsent方法中如果插入的key相同,则不替换原有的value值; **putIfAbsent:** 与原有put方法不同的是,putIfAbsent方法中如果插入的key相同,则不替换原有的value值;
**remove:**与原有remove方法不同的是,新remove方法中增加了对value的判断,如果要删除的key-value不能与Map中原有的key-value对应上,则不会删除该元素; **remove:** 与原有remove方法不同的是,新remove方法中增加了对value的判断,如果要删除的key-value不能与Map中原有的key-value对应上,则不会删除该元素;
**replace(K,V,V):**增加了对value值的判断,如果key-oldValue能与Map中原有的key-value对应上,才进行替换操作; **replace(K,V,V):** 增加了对value值的判断,如果key-oldValue能与Map中原有的key-value对应上,才进行替换操作;
**replace(K,V):**与上面的replace不同的是,此replace不会对Map中原有的key-value进行比较,如果key存在则直接替换; **replace(K,V):** 与上面的replace不同的是,此replace不会对Map中原有的key-value进行比较,如果key存在则直接替换;
#### ConcurrentHashMap类 #### ConcurrentHashMap类
...@@ -581,7 +583,7 @@ public class CopyOnWriteMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, Cloneable { ...@@ -581,7 +583,7 @@ public class CopyOnWriteMap<K, V> implements Map<K, V>, Cloneable {
~~~ ~~~
上面就是参考CopyOnWriteArrayList实现的CopyOnWriteMap,我们可以用这个容器来做什么呢?结合我们之前说的CopyOnWrite的复制思想,它最适用于“读多写少”的并发场景。 上面就是参考CopyOnWriteArrayList实现的CopyOnWriteMap,我们可以用这个容器来做什么呢?结合我们之前说的CopyOnWrite的复制思想,它最适用于“读多写少”的并发场景。
**场景:**假如我们有一个搜索的网站需要屏蔽一些“关键字”,“黑名单”每晚定时更新,每当用户搜索的时候,“黑名单”中的关键字不会出现在搜索结果当中,并且提示用户敏感字。 **场景:** 假如我们有一个搜索的网站需要屏蔽一些“关键字”,“黑名单”每晚定时更新,每当用户搜索的时候,“黑名单”中的关键字不会出现在搜索结果当中,并且提示用户敏感字。
~~~java ~~~java
// 黑名单服务 // 黑名单服务
......
...@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ tag: ...@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@ tag:
# 深入理解Java并发重入锁ReentrantLock # 深入理解Java并发重入锁ReentrantLock
ReentrantLock重入锁,是实现Lock接口的一个类,也是在实际编程中使用频率很高的一个锁,**支持重入性,表示能够对共享资源能够重复加锁,即当前线程获取该锁再次获取不会被阻塞**。在java关键字synchronized隐式支持重入性,synchronized通过获取自增,释放自减的方式实现重入。与此同时,ReentrantLock还支持**公平锁和非公平锁**两种方式。 ReentrantLock重入锁,是实现Lock接口的一个类,也是在实际编程中使用频率很高的一个锁,**支持重入性,表示能够对共享资源能够重复加锁,即当前线程获取该锁再次获取不会被阻塞**
## 重入性的实现原理
要想支持重入性,就要解决两个问题: 要想支持重入性,就要解决两个问题:
...@@ -45,6 +43,7 @@ final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) { ...@@ -45,6 +43,7 @@ final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
``` ```
这段代码的逻辑也很简单,具体请看注释。为了支持重入性,在第二步增加了处理逻辑,如果该锁已经被线程所占有了,会继续检查占有线程是否为当前线程,如果是的话,同步状态加1返回true,表示可以再次获取成功。每次重新获取都会对同步状态进行加一的操作,那么释放的时候处理思路是怎样的了?(依然还是以非公平锁为例)核心方法为tryRelease: 这段代码的逻辑也很简单,具体请看注释。为了支持重入性,在第二步增加了处理逻辑,如果该锁已经被线程所占有了,会继续检查占有线程是否为当前线程,如果是的话,同步状态加1返回true,表示可以再次获取成功。每次重新获取都会对同步状态进行加一的操作,那么释放的时候处理思路是怎样的了?(依然还是以非公平锁为例)核心方法为tryRelease:
```java ```java
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) { protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
//1. 同步状态减1 //1. 同步状态减1
...@@ -106,12 +105,13 @@ protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) { ...@@ -106,12 +105,13 @@ protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
return true; return true;
} }
return false; return false;
}
} }
``` ```
这段代码的逻辑与nonfairTryAcquire基本上一直,唯一的不同在于增加了hasQueuedPredecessors的逻辑判断,方法名就可知道该方法用来判断当前节点在同步队列中是否有前驱节点的判断,如果有前驱节点说明有线程比当前线程更早的请求资源,根据公平性,当前线程请求资源失败。如果当前节点没有前驱节点的话,再才有做后面的逻辑判断的必要性。**公平锁每次都是从同步队列中的第一个节点获取到锁,而非公平性锁则不一定,有可能刚释放锁的线程能再次获取到锁** 这段代码的逻辑与nonfairTryAcquire基本上一直,唯一的不同在于增加了hasQueuedPredecessors的逻辑判断,方法名就可知道该方法用来判断当前节点在同步队列中是否有前驱节点的判断,如果有前驱节点说明有线程比当前线程更早的请求资源,根据公平性,当前线程请求资源失败。如果当前节点没有前驱节点的话,再才有做后面的逻辑判断的必要性。
**公平锁每次都是从同步队列中的第一个节点获取到锁,而非公平性锁则不一定,有可能刚释放锁的线程能再次获取到锁**
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