# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # title :哈雷彗星场景半真实模拟 # description :哈雷彗星运行轨道使用了万有引力，其他天体使用 astropy 包的真实数据 # author :Python超人 # date :2023-10-28 # link :https://gitcode.net/pythoncr/ # python_version :3.9 # ============================================================================== from ursina import camera, application, lerp, Vec3 from common.celestial_data_service import init_bodies_reality_pos_vels, conv_to_astropy_time, \ set_solar_system_celestial_position from common.consts import SECONDS_PER_YEAR, AU from common.func import calculate_distance from bodies import Earth from sim_scenes.func import create_text_panel, camera_look_at, get_run_speed_factor, \ camera_move_update, camera_move_to_target_update, camera_move_control from sim_scenes.func import ursina_run, create_sphere_sky from sim_scenes.solar_system.halley_comet_lib import HalleyCometSimBase, HalleyCometParams, \ create_halley_comet, create_orbit_line from simulators.ursina.entities.body_timer import TimeData from simulators.ursina.entities.entity_utils import get_value_direction_vectors from simulators.ursina.ui.control_ui import ControlUI from simulators.ursina.ursina_config import UrsinaConfig from simulators.ursina.ursina_event import UrsinaEvent from simulators.ursina.ursina_mesh import create_label class HalleyCometSim(HalleyCometSimBase): """ 哈雷彗星场景模拟 """ def __init__(self, _params=None): super(HalleyCometSim, self).__init__() if _params is None: self.params = HalleyCometParams() else: self.params = _params if isinstance(_params.start_time, str): self.start_time = conv_to_astropy_time(_params.start_time) else: self.start_time = _params.start_time # print("北京时间：", dt.to_datetime(timezone=pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai'))) def build(self): """ 构建太阳系系统以及哈雷彗星 @return: """ self.build_solar_system(ignore_gravity=True, start_time=self.start_time) self.sun.glows = (80, 1.005, 0.01) # 创建哈雷彗星创建哈雷彗星 self.halley_comet = create_halley_comet(self.params.init_velocity, self.params.init_position) self.bodies.append(self.halley_comet) def init_settings(self): """ 初始化设置 @return: """ # 创建天空 create_sphere_sky(scale=200000) # UrsinaConfig.trail_type = "curve_line" # UrsinaConfig.trail_length = 300 UrsinaConfig.trail_type = "line" # UrsinaConfig.trail_length = 152 # 尾巴数量刚刚好 UrsinaConfig.trail_length = 130 UrsinaConfig.trail_thickness_factor = 3 # UrsinaConfig.trail_length = 180 UrsinaConfig.trail_factor = 3 # camera.clip_plane_near = 0.1 camera.clip_plane_far = 1000000 application.time_scale = 5 # 摄像机移动 update camera_move_update() # camera_move_to_target_update() def create_orbit_lines(self): """ 创建太阳系天体的真实轨迹（太阳和哈雷彗星除外） @return: """ self.orbit_lines = [] for body in self.bodies[1:]: if isinstance(body, Earth): alpha = 0.5 else: alpha = 0.2 orbit_line = create_orbit_line(self.sun, body, self.start_time, alpha=alpha) if orbit_line is not None: self.orbit_lines.append(orbit_line) def set_bodies_position(self, time_data: TimeData): """ 设置天体的位置（包含速度和加速度的信息） @param time_data: @return: """ t = self.start_time + time_data.total_days set_solar_system_celestial_position(self.bodies, t, False) def create_year_label(self, trail, year, halley_comet_pos=None, pos=None, label_color=None, scale=40, background=False): """ 在界面上创建年份的标签 @param trail: @param year: @param halley_comet_pos: @return: """ # 为了不影响 2023年12月9日的显示，附近的 Label 就不显示 # if year in ["1986", "2061", "2023"]: # return if trail is None: _pos = halley_comet_pos else: _pos = pos if _pos is None: _pos = (0, 0, 0) if label_color is None: label_color = (255, 255, 255, 255) label = create_label(trail, label=year, pos=_pos, label_color=label_color, font="fonts/DroidSansFallback.ttf", scale=scale, alpha=1.0, background=background ) label.set_light_off() # 只记录年 if len(str(year)) == 4: self.last_year = year def update_comet_trail_alpha(self, distance_sun): """ 根据彗哈雷星和太阳的距离，设置彗星尾巴的透明度来模仿接近太阳有慧尾，离开太阳到一定距离就渐渐消失 @param distance_sun: 彗哈雷星和太阳的距离 @return: """ # 距离转为天文单位 d_au = distance_sun / AU # 渐渐消失的距离范围（开始消失距离, 完全消失距离） HIDE_DISTANCE = 3, 12 # 彗星最大的透明度 MAX_ALPHA = 0.8 # 大于完全消失距离 if d_au >= HIDE_DISTANCE[1]: alpha = 0 elif HIDE_DISTANCE[1] > d_au > HIDE_DISTANCE[0]: # 渐渐消失的距离范围内，通过距离值大小确定透明度（慢慢消失的效果） alpha = MAX_ALPHA - (d_au - HIDE_DISTANCE[0]) / (HIDE_DISTANCE[1] - HIDE_DISTANCE[0]) * MAX_ALPHA else: alpha = MAX_ALPHA # 修改彗星尾巴的透明度 self.halley_comet.planet.comet_trail.set_alpha(alpha) # self.halley_comet.planet.comet_sphere.alpha = alpha def show_milestone_lable(self, last_trail, dt): """ 远日点: 35.1 AU（2023年12月9日） 近日点: 0.586 AU 上次通过近日点：1986年2月9日 下次通过近日点：2061年7月28日 @param last_trail: @param dt: @return: """ milestones = [("1986-02-09", (0, 2, 0)), ("2023-12-09", (0, 0, -3)), ("2061-07-28", (0, 3, 0))] for milestone, pos in milestones: prop_name = f"milestone_{milestone}" if not hasattr(self, prop_name) and dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") >= milestone: setattr(self, prop_name, milestone) if pos is None: pos = (0, 2, 0) self.create_year_label(last_trail, milestone, label_color=(0, 255, 0), pos=pos, scale=60, background=True) # application.paused = True # UrsinaEvent.on_pause() # ControlUI.current_ui.on_off_switch.on_value_changed() def s_f(self, value=1): if value == 0: return 0 return get_run_speed_factor() * value def camera_move(self, dt): """ 摄像机移动控制 @param dt: @return: """ # 摄像机移动控制数据 camera_move_infos = [ # 条件：年份 # 移动的信息： # 按坐标系方向移动 x:右+左-, y:升+降-, z:前+(接近太阳)后-(远离太阳) # 以摄像机视角移动 f:前 b:后 l:左 r:右 u:上 d:下 (1982, {"x": 2, "y": 1}), (1986, {"x": 2, "y": -2, "z": -15}), (1987, {"y": -6, "z": -12}), (1988, {"y": -3, "z": -12}), (1989, {"z": -8, "f": -5}), (1993, {"z": -8, "f": -3}), (1995, {"z": -8}), (2000, {"z": -8, "y": -0.2}), (2013, {}), (2048, {"f": 3}), (2062, {"y": -3}), (2063, {"y": -10, "z": 2}), (2081, {}), (2082, {"exit": True}) ] camera_move_control(camera_move_infos, cond_cb=lambda ps: ps["next_cond"] > dt.year >= ps["cond"], value_conv=self.s_f, smooth=10) def check_create_year_label(self, last_trail, dt): """ 检测并创建年标签 @param last_trail: @param dt: @return: """ if last_trail is None: return import copy year = dt.strftime("%Y") pos = self.halley_comet.planet.position # 里程碑标签 if self.show_milestone_lable(last_trail, dt): pass elif not hasattr(self, "last_year"): # 第一次运行，则创建“年标签” self.create_year_label(last_trail, year, pos) self.last_label_pos = copy.deepcopy(self.halley_comet.position) elif self.last_year != year: if hasattr(self, "last_label_pos"): # 防止“年标签”显示非常紧密 d = calculate_distance(self.halley_comet.position, self.last_label_pos) if d > 2 * AU: self.create_year_label(last_trail, year, pos) self.last_label_pos = copy.deepcopy(self.halley_comet.position) def update_halley_comet_info(self, dt): """ 更新哈雷彗星的信息 @param dt: @return: """ # 哈雷彗星面向太阳，这样彗尾就远离太阳的方向 self.halley_comet.planet.look_at(self.sun.planet) # 计算哈雷彗星与太阳、地球的距离 d_sun = calculate_distance(self.halley_comet.position, self.sun.position) d_earth = calculate_distance(self.halley_comet.position, self.earth.position) # 哈雷彗星所有轨迹线（注意不是彗尾） trail_keys = self.halley_comet.planet.trails.keys() # 哈雷彗星有轨迹线 if len(trail_keys) > 0: # 找的最后的轨迹线 last_trail = list(trail_keys)[-1] if hasattr(last_trail, "entity_infos"): # 如果是轨迹球，则轨迹球会记录当前位置与太阳、地球的距离，并记录了当前的日期 last_trail.entity_infos["distance_from_sun"] = d_sun last_trail.entity_infos["distance_from_earth"] = d_earth last_trail.entity_infos["time"] = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") # 检测并再轨迹线上创建年标签 self.check_create_year_label(last_trail, dt) # 更新彗星尾巴的透明度 self.update_comet_trail_alpha(d_sun) # 计算和更新近日点数据 self.update_comet_peri(d_sun, dt) # 计算和更新远日点数据 self.update_comet_aphel(d_sun, dt) # 更新文字信息面板 self.update_text_panel(d_sun) def update_text_panel(self, d_sun): """ 更新文字信息面板 @param d_sun: @return: """ panel_text = "哈雷彗星:\n\n当前日距：%s AU" % "{:.3f}".format(d_sun / AU).rjust(6, "0") panel_text += "\n\n最大日距：%s AU" % "{:.3f}".format(self.comet_aphel / AU).rjust(6, "0") panel_text += "\n\n最小日距：%s AU" % "{:.3f}".format(self.comet_peri / AU).rjust(6, "0") velocity, _ = get_value_direction_vectors(self.halley_comet.velocity) panel_text += "\n\n当前速度：%s km/s" % "{:.3f}".format(velocity).rjust(6, "0") self.text_panel.text = panel_text def update_comet_aphel(self, d_sun, dt): """ 计算和更新远日点数据 @param d_sun: @param dt: @return: """ # 哈雷彗星离太阳最远的点称为 "aphelion of Halley's Comet"（远日点） if not hasattr(self, "comet_aphel"): self.comet_aphel = d_sun self.comet_aphel_dt = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") elif d_sun > self.comet_aphel: self.comet_aphel = d_sun self.comet_aphel_dt = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") def update_comet_peri(self, d_sun, dt): """ 计算和更新近日点数据 @param d_sun: @param dt: @return: """ # 哈雷彗星离太阳最近的点称为 "perihelion of Halley's Comet"（近日点：comet_peri）， if not hasattr(self, "comet_peri"): self.comet_peri = d_sun self.comet_peri_dt = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") elif d_sun < self.comet_peri: self.comet_peri = d_sun self.comet_peri_dt = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") def update_ui(self, time_data, dt): """ 更新UI，包含天体的位置、时钟、轨道的位置 @param time_data: @param dt: @return: """ if dt.year > 2041: UrsinaConfig.trail_length = 210 # 更新天体的位置 self.set_bodies_position(time_data) # # 更新时钟 # self.show_clock(dt) # 更新轨道的位置（TODO:短时间可以忽略） # for i, orbit_line in enumerate(self.orbit_lines): # orbit_line.position = self.sun.planet.position def on_ready(self): """ 事件绑定后，模拟器运行前会触发 @return: """ # 初始化设置 self.init_settings() # self.set_window_size((int(1920 * r), int(1080 * r)), False) # 最大分辨率的高度-1，保证不全屏 self.set_window_size((1920, 1079), False) # self.set_window_size((1920 , 1080 ), False) # 显示网格以及坐标线 # self.show_grid_axises() # 创建太阳系天体的真实轨迹（太阳和哈雷彗星除外） self.create_orbit_lines() # 创建信息显示面板 # self.text_panel = create_text_panel(font="fonts/sanjixiaozhuanti.ttf", font_scale=1.5) self.text_panel = create_text_panel(font="fonts/DroidSansFallback.ttf", font_scale=1.3) def on_timer_changed(self, time_data): """ @param time_data: @return: """ dt = time_data.get_datetime(self.start_time) # 摄像机看向哈雷彗星 camera_look_at(self.halley_comet, rotation_z=0) time_total_hours = time_data.total_hours # if not hasattr(self, "last_total_hours"): # self.last_total_hours = time_total_hours # self.update_halley_comet_info(dt) # print("time_total_hours", time_total_hours) # # 摄像机移动每10小时更新一次 # self.interval_run(fun=self.camera_move, fun_args=[dt], # total_times=time_total_hours, # interval=20) self.camera_move(dt) if 2040 > dt.year > 1987: update_halley_comet_info_interval = 400 update_clock_interval = 400 else: update_halley_comet_info_interval = 33 update_clock_interval = 60 # 更新哈雷彗星信息是每20个小时更新一次（哈雷彗星姿态、哈雷彗星距离信息） self.interval_run(fun=self.update_halley_comet_info, fun_args=[dt], total_times=time_total_hours, interval=update_halley_comet_info_interval) # 每50个小时更新一次界面（天体位置） self.interval_run(fun=self.update_ui, fun_args=[time_data, dt], total_times=time_total_hours, interval=60) self.interval_run(fun=self.show_clock, fun_args=[dt], total_times=time_total_hours, interval=update_clock_interval) # # 每隔一段时间运行一次更新（不要太频繁更新，会导致摄像机抖动） # if time_total_hours - self.last_total_hours > 50: # self.update_halley_comet_info(dt) # self.update_ui(time_data, dt) # # 记录最后更新的总耗时（小时） # self.last_total_hours = time_total_hours if __name__ == '__main__': """ 哈雷彗星场景模拟 """ # 远日点: 35.1 AU（2023年12月9日） # 近日点: 0.586 AU 上次通过近日点：1986年2月9日 下次通过近日点：2061年7月28日 # 2019年5月6日 34.772 params = HalleyCometParams( start_time='1982-09-24 00:00:00', # init_velocity=[-2.80, 5.10, 8.65], # 1/8 init_velocity=[-2.774, 5.126, 8.65], # 1/8 init_position=[0, -5 * AU, -10 * AU] ) sim = HalleyCometSim(params) sim.build() # 订阅事件后，上面2个函数功能才会起作用 # 运行中，每时每刻都会触发 on_timer_changed UrsinaEvent.on_timer_changed_subscription(sim.on_timer_changed) # 运行前会触发 on_ready UrsinaEvent.on_ready_subscription(sim.on_ready) # 使用 ursina 查看的运行效果 # 常用快捷键： P：运行和暂停 O：重新开始 I：显示天体轨迹 # position = 左-右+、上+下-、前+后- ursina_run(sim.bodies, SECONDS_PER_YEAR * get_run_speed_factor(), # position=(0, 2 * AU, -11 * AU), # position=(0, 0.5 * AU, -5 * AU), # position=(2 * AU, -5 * AU, -20 * AU), position=(2 * AU, -6 * AU, -20 * AU), cosmic_bg='', show_trail=True, # bg_music='sounds/no_glory.mp3', show_camera_info=False, save_as_video=True, show_control_info=False, timer_enabled=True, show_grid=False )