# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # title :ursina天体视图 # description :ursina天体视图（天体效果展示用，需要安装 ursina） # author :Python超人 # date :2023-02-11 # link :https://gitcode.net/pythoncr/ # python_version :3.8 # ============================================================================== # pip install -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host=pypi.douban.com ursina from ursina import Ursina, window, Entity, Mesh, EditorCamera, color, mouse, Vec2, Vec3, load_texture, Texture from math import pi, sin, cos import numpy as np import math def create_sphere(radius, subdivisions): """ 创建一个球体 :param radius: :param subdivisions: :return: """ # 生成球体的顶点、UV坐标uvs、法线tris和三角面 verts = [] tris = [] normals = [] uvs = [] for y in range(subdivisions + 1): for x in range(subdivisions + 1): x_segment = x / subdivisions y_segment = -y / subdivisions x_pos = cos(x_segment * 2 * pi) * sin(y_segment * pi) y_pos = cos(y_segment * pi) z_pos = sin(x_segment * 2 * pi) * sin(y_segment * pi) verts.append(Vec3(x_pos, y_pos, z_pos) * radius) uvs.append(Vec2(x_segment, y_segment)) normals.append(Vec3(x_pos, y_pos, z_pos)) for y in range(subdivisions): for x in range(subdivisions): first = (y * (subdivisions + 1)) + x second = first + subdivisions + 1 # tris.append((first, second + 1, second)) # tris.append((first, first + 1, second + 1)) tris.append((second, second + 1, first)) tris.append((second + 1, first + 1, first)) # 反转面法线 # for i in range(len(tris)): # a, b, c = tris[i] # tris[i] = (c, b, a) # normals[a], normals[b], normals[c] = -Vec3(*normals[c]), -Vec3(*normals[b]), -Vec3(*normals[a]) # normals[a], normals[b], normals[c] = -Vec3(*normals[a]), -Vec3(*normals[b]), -Vec3(*normals[c]) # 翻转球体 # for i in range(len(normals)): # normals[i] = -normals[i] return Mesh(vertices=verts, triangles=tris, normals=normals, uvs=uvs, mode='triangle') def create_body_torus(inner_radius, outer_radius, subdivisions): vertices = [] uvs = [] normals = [] triangles = [] # 计算圆环顶点、法向量和纹理坐标 for i in range(subdivisions): for j in range(subdivisions): # 计算纹理坐标 u = i / subdivisions v = j / subdivisions # 计算球面坐标系下的角度 theta = u * math.pi * 2 phi = v * math.pi * 2 # 计算圆环顶点位置 x = (outer_radius + inner_radius * math.cos(phi)) * math.cos(theta) y = inner_radius * math.sin(phi) * (inner_radius) / 2 z = (outer_radius + inner_radius * math.cos(phi)) * math.sin(theta) # 计算圆环顶点法向量 nx = math.cos(theta) * math.cos(phi) ny = math.sin(phi) nz = math.sin(theta) * math.cos(phi) vertices.append((x, y, z)) normals.append((nx, ny, nz)) uvs.append((u, v)) # 计算圆环三角形面片 for i in range(subdivisions): for j in range(subdivisions): i1 = i j1 = j i2 = (i + 1) % subdivisions j2 = (j + 1) % subdivisions p1 = i1 * subdivisions + j1 p2 = i2 * subdivisions + j1 p3 = i2 * subdivisions + j2 p4 = i1 * subdivisions + j2 triangles.append((p1, p2, p3)) triangles.append((p1, p3, p4)) # uvs = [[u * 2, v] for u, v in uvs] # 创建 mesh 对象 mesh = Mesh(vertices=vertices, uvs=uvs, normals=normals, triangles=triangles, mode='triangle') return mesh def create_torus(inner_radius, outer_radius, subdivisions, repeat=1): verts = [] tris = [] uvs = [] for i in range(subdivisions): angle = i * (360 / subdivisions) x = np.cos(angle * np.pi / 180) y = np.sin(angle * np.pi / 180) # create vertices for inner radius inner_x = x * inner_radius inner_y = y * inner_radius # create vertices for outer radius outer_x = x * outer_radius outer_y = y * outer_radius if i % int(subdivisions / repeat) == 0: verts.append((inner_x, inner_y, 0)) verts.append((outer_x, outer_y, 0)) uvs.append((0.999, 0.0)) uvs.append((0.999, 0.999)) verts.append((inner_x, inner_y, 0)) verts.append((outer_x, outer_y, 0)) uvs.append((0.001, 0.0)) uvs.append((0.001, 0.999)) else: verts.append((inner_x, inner_y, 0)) verts.append((outer_x, outer_y, 0)) # create uvs u = angle * repeat / 360 % 1 uvs.append((u, 0.0)) uvs.append((u, 0.999)) # create triangles first_index = i * 2 second_index = (i * 2 + 2) % (subdivisions * 2) third_index = (i * 2 + 1) % (subdivisions * 2) fourth_index = (i * 2 + 3) % (subdivisions * 2) tris.append((first_index, second_index, third_index)) tris.append((third_index, second_index, fourth_index)) # create normals normals = [] for i in range(len(verts)): angle = i * (360 / subdivisions) x = np.cos(angle * np.pi / 180) y = np.sin(angle * np.pi / 180) normals.append((x, y, 0)) # create mesh mesh = Mesh(vertices=verts, triangles=tris, uvs=uvs, normals=normals, mode='triangle') # add color attribute # mesh.colorize() return mesh if __name__ == '__main__': app = Ursina() # # 使用 Mesh 类创建球体 texture = "../../textures/saturn.jpg" textureRings = '../../textures/saturnRings.jpg' textureAsteroids = '../../textures/asteroids.png' # 创建球体 # sphere = create_sphere(1, 32) # entity = Entity(model=sphere, texture=texture, color=color.white) # 创建光晕 # glow_entity = Entity(parent=entity, model='sphere', color=color.rgb(1,1,1,0.1), # scale=2.1, alpha=0.1) # # torus = create_body_torus(0.8, 2, 64) # textureRings = load_texture(textureRings) # entity = Entity(model=torus, texture=textureRings, rotation=(0, 0, 0), double_sided=True) # torus = create_torus(1.5, 3, 64) # entity = Entity(model=torus, texture=textureRings, rotation=(85, 0, 0), double_sided=True) body_torus = create_torus(9, 10, 64) entities = Entity(model=body_torus, texture=textureAsteroids, rotation=(85, 0, 0), double_sided=True) entities.set_light_off() EditorCamera() app.run()