diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association_proxy.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association_proxy.rb
index 07fff7f7d7937a28415a75f138667cf7f251e22e..2832f49c2355e535d201c52f4106ddc1c3e19821 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association_proxy.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association_proxy.rb
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ def send(method, *args)
       end
 
       def scoped
-        target_scope & @association_scope
+        target_scope.merge(@association_scope)
       end
 
       protected
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb
index 4ae0669c96eab78367bcad033504fada65d6f286..ab593d09b9c1b13f7ef975a193c5e62550a386f7 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/through_association.rb
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ module ThroughAssociation
       protected
 
         def target_scope
-          super & @reflection.through_reflection.klass.scoped
+          super.merge(@reflection.through_reflection.klass.scoped)
         end
 
         def association_scope
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
index 69a7642ec5e1530db9791429071fe4c2d07b454a..4150e36a9a8cc0343a13788abbf288fe59c29fed 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ def merge(r)
       merged_relation
     end
 
-    alias :& :merge
-
     # Removes from the query the condition(s) specified in +skips+.
     #
     # Example:
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/method_scoping_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/method_scoping_test.rb
index e3ba65b4fad83e3844b1c77eb385b6ada0d10bd8..7e8383da9edf4fa067122740a35544d4f7ef82d3 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/method_scoping_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/method_scoping_test.rb
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def test_scoped_create
   end
 
   def test_scoped_create_with_join_and_merge
-    (Comment.where(:body => "but Who's Buying?").joins(:post) & Post.where(:body => 'Peace Sells...')).with_scope do
+    Comment.where(:body => "but Who's Buying?").joins(:post).merge(Post.where(:body => 'Peace Sells...')).with_scope do
       assert_equal({:body => "but Who's Buying?"}, Comment.scoped.scope_for_create)
     end
   end
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/relation_scoping_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/relation_scoping_test.rb
index 1bdf3136d463a2d5dd9db0f4c9e8ff1fcaae189b..cda2850b0229ce99aef913a6bcaeab1994bc5a7b 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/relation_scoping_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/relation_scoping_test.rb
@@ -488,8 +488,8 @@ def test_scope_composed_by_limit_and_then_offset_is_equal_to_scope_composed_by_o
   end
 
   def test_create_with_merge
-    aaron = (PoorDeveloperCalledJamis.create_with(:name => 'foo', :salary => 20) &
-             PoorDeveloperCalledJamis.create_with(:name => 'Aaron')).new
+    aaron = PoorDeveloperCalledJamis.create_with(:name => 'foo', :salary => 20).merge(
+              PoorDeveloperCalledJamis.create_with(:name => 'Aaron')).new
     assert_equal 20, aaron.salary
     assert_equal 'Aaron', aaron.name
 
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/relations_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/relations_test.rb
index 5018b16b67a7c41d591c207387f4936806a01b9b..184e7a2b9e116c8e2ac3f772dc6d29d381e3eddb 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/relations_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/relations_test.rb
@@ -545,17 +545,17 @@ def test_select_argument_error
   end
 
   def test_relation_merging
-    devs = Developer.where("salary >= 80000") & Developer.limit(2) & Developer.order('id ASC').where("id < 3")
+    devs = Developer.where("salary >= 80000").merge(Developer.limit(2)).merge(Developer.order('id ASC').where("id < 3"))
     assert_equal [developers(:david), developers(:jamis)], devs.to_a
 
-    dev_with_count = Developer.limit(1) & Developer.order('id DESC') & Developer.select('developers.*')
+    dev_with_count = Developer.limit(1).merge(Developer.order('id DESC')).merge(Developer.select('developers.*'))
     assert_equal [developers(:poor_jamis)], dev_with_count.to_a
   end
 
   def test_relation_merging_with_eager_load
     relations = []
-    relations << (Post.order('comments.id DESC') & Post.eager_load(:last_comment) & Post.scoped)
-    relations << (Post.eager_load(:last_comment) & Post.order('comments.id DESC') & Post.scoped)
+    relations << Post.order('comments.id DESC').merge(Post.eager_load(:last_comment)).merge(Post.scoped)
+    relations << Post.eager_load(:last_comment).merge(Post.order('comments.id DESC')).merge(Post.scoped)
 
     relations.each do |posts|
       post = posts.find { |p| p.id == 1 }
@@ -564,18 +564,18 @@ def test_relation_merging_with_eager_load
   end
 
   def test_relation_merging_with_locks
-    devs = Developer.lock.where("salary >= 80000").order("id DESC") & Developer.limit(2)
+    devs = Developer.lock.where("salary >= 80000").order("id DESC").merge(Developer.limit(2))
     assert_present devs.locked
   end
 
   def test_relation_merging_with_preload
-    [Post.scoped & Post.preload(:author), Post.preload(:author) & Post.scoped].each do |posts|
+    [Post.scoped.merge(Post.preload(:author)), Post.preload(:author).merge(Post.scoped)].each do |posts|
       assert_queries(2) { assert posts.first.author }
     end
   end
 
   def test_relation_merging_with_joins
-    comments = Comment.joins(:post).where(:body => 'Thank you for the welcome') & Post.where(:body => 'Such a lovely day')
+    comments = Comment.joins(:post).where(:body => 'Thank you for the welcome').merge(Post.where(:body => 'Such a lovely day'))
     assert_equal 1, comments.count
   end