diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/naming.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/naming.rb
index 5665e100028137c5005303e740fd1a1ec2f0f095..2b5fc57a3a6cc5439234cbdaca78149341a269a4 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model/naming.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/naming.rb
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ def human(options={})
       defaults << options[:default] if options[:default]
       defaults << @human
 
-      options = {:scope => [@klass.i18n_scope, :models], :count => 1, :default => defaults}.merge(options.except(:default))
+      options = { :scope => [@klass.i18n_scope, :models], :count => 1, :default => defaults }.merge!(options.except(:default))
       I18n.translate(defaults.shift, options)
     end
 
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/translation.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/translation.rb
index 7a472e2d43e3dc97d430f8e347890aff69729fea..6f0ca92e2a4c544ae650bd79e56581019035fb16 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model/translation.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/translation.rb
@@ -42,19 +42,19 @@ def lookup_ancestors
     # Specify +options+ with additional translating options.
     def human_attribute_name(attribute, options = {})
       options   = { :count => 1 }.merge!(options)
-      defaults  = []
       parts     = attribute.to_s.split(".", 2)
       attribute = parts.pop
       namespace = parts.pop
+      attributes_scope = "#{self.i18n_scope}.attributes"
 
       if namespace
-        lookup_ancestors.each do |klass|
-          defaults << :"#{self.i18n_scope}.attributes.#{klass.model_name.i18n_key}/#{namespace}.#{attribute}"
+        defaults = lookup_ancestors.map do |klass|
+          :"#{attributes_scope}.#{klass.model_name.i18n_key}/#{namespace}.#{attribute}"
         end
-        defaults << :"#{self.i18n_scope}.attributes.#{namespace}.#{attribute}"
+        defaults << :"#{attributes_scope}.#{namespace}.#{attribute}"
       else
-        lookup_ancestors.each do |klass|
-          defaults << :"#{self.i18n_scope}.attributes.#{klass.model_name.i18n_key}.#{attribute}"
+        defaults = lookup_ancestors.map do |klass|
+          :"#{attributes_scope}.#{klass.model_name.i18n_key}.#{attribute}"
         end
       end