diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb
index 338d5d2afe309d4d728386eda4b41ccd0a9ebabb..67d24b35d1a1151c0b8b4f83b4a026753666b3cf 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/association.rb
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def klass
       # Can be overridden (i.e. in ThroughAssociation) to merge in other scopes (i.e. the
       # through association's scope)
       def target_scope
-        AssociationRelation.new(klass, klass.arel_table, self).merge!(klass.all)
+        AssociationRelation.create(klass, klass.arel_table, self).merge!(klass.all)
       end
 
       # Loads the \target if needed and returns it.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/collection_association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/collection_association.rb
index 6ddbd4955dc32f8eb173b2546a643830aa731dd8..b4047b08bc39a062bc638a7f54df391a8f5cced5 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/collection_association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/collection_association.rb
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def reader(force_reload = false)
           reload
         end
 
-        @proxy ||= CollectionProxy.new(klass, self)
+        @proxy ||= CollectionProxy.create(klass, self)
       end
 
       # Implements the writer method, e.g. foo.items= for Foo.has_many :items
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_association.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_association.rb
index 8c528af399d93774e8019a0efa4a0d83e9badd79..58fc00d81174b4cab379e4df7b67d544ef785a50 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_association.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/join_dependency/join_association.rb
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ def join_constraints
               if item.is_a?(Relation)
                 item
               else
-                ActiveRecord::Relation.new(klass, table).instance_exec(self, &item)
+                ActiveRecord::Relation.create(klass, table).instance_exec(self, &item)
               end
             end
 
             if reflection.type
               scope_chain_items <<
-                ActiveRecord::Relation.new(klass, table)
+                ActiveRecord::Relation.create(klass, table)
                   .where(reflection.type => foreign_klass.base_class.name)
             end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb
index 82bf426b22fcb6b1fd8c013df1b371b4aa9f2a2d..2317e34bc0ecce213fc9a0295cef3a168f29f63e 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/associations/preloader.rb
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class Preloader #:nodoc:
       def initialize(records, associations, preload_scope = nil)
         @records       = Array.wrap(records).compact.uniq
         @associations  = Array.wrap(associations)
-        @preload_scope = preload_scope || Relation.new(nil, nil)
+        @preload_scope = preload_scope || Relation.create(nil, nil)
       end
 
       def run
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/core.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/core.rb
index c6b7da2e3c339fb89506a04c4d5e192ada207209..e088021112f4e50dba87c67d37b0131534c26b76 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/core.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/core.rb
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ def arel_engine
       private
 
       def relation #:nodoc:
-        relation = Relation.new(self, arel_table)
+        relation = Relation.create(self, arel_table)
 
         if finder_needs_type_condition?
           relation.where(type_condition).create_with(inheritance_column.to_sym => sti_name)
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb
index 44ea8610f2458e65c8a2b22d12431ef4ca33ad64..23541d1d27c82973fb4766db1e2cf7de5e22de1e 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/model_schema.rb
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ def table_name=(value)
         @quoted_table_name = nil
         @arel_table        = nil
         @sequence_name     = nil unless defined?(@explicit_sequence_name) && @explicit_sequence_name
-        @relation          = Relation.new(self, arel_table)
+        @relation          = Relation.create(self, arel_table)
       end
 
       # Returns a quoted version of the table name, used to construct SQL statements.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb
index 8d6740246cd2a394dde6f154e8d6cb693a91d660..7ed65a548c50c88bfb5c4eebfa5d912d06a77053 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/delegation.rb
@@ -73,10 +73,8 @@ def method_missing(method, *args, &block)
     module ClassMethods # :nodoc:
       @@subclasses = ThreadSafe::Cache.new(:initial_capacity => 2)
 
-      def new(klass, *args)
-        relation = relation_class_for(klass).allocate
-        relation.__send__(:initialize, klass, *args)
-        relation
+      def create(klass, *args)
+        relation_class_for(klass).new(klass, *args)
       end
 
       # This doesn't have to be thread-safe. relation_class_for guarantees that this will only be
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb
index da13152e01ca30d001ee79b0080265439cb0fa89..c08158d38b64e3236b234ba75beab10e814f3c9d 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/merger.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def merge
       # build a relation to merge in rather than directly merging
       # the values.
       def other
-        other = Relation.new(relation.klass, relation.table)
+        other = Relation.create(relation.klass, relation.table)
         hash.each { |k, v|
           if k == :joins
             if Hash === v
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
index c63ae9c9fb010b1073ce681c82ddf4a950bae71f..2552cbd234877e2b14585b3f6b6f6ef721a50386 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def only(*onlies)
     private
 
       def relation_with(values) # :nodoc:
-        result = Relation.new(klass, table, values)
+        result = Relation.create(klass, table, values)
         result.extend(*extending_values) if extending_values.any?
         result
       end