diff --git a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
index 5ca93b3cd34fe82f6a4c66618cdbfd8907ef48f5..46d10d5bffd1dff9dbc3e56ab11b43ba8c00fff6 100644
--- a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+*   Raise `ArgumentError` when passing `nil` or `false` to `Relation#merge`.
+
+    These are not valid values to merge in a relation so it should warn the users
+    early.
+
+    *Rafael Mendonça França*
+
 *   Use `SCHEMA` instead of `DB_STRUCTURE` for specifiying structure file.
 
     This makes the db:structure tasks consistent with test:load_structure.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
index dd3610d7aa4aed60e310cd3f18ce95b46d2e7fad..70da37fa845920cdd229f6f217ec6a8cc3bcc98a 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/spawn_methods.rb
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def merge(other)
       elsif other
         spawn.merge!(other)
       else
-        self
+        raise ArgumentError, "invalid argument: #{other.inspect}."
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/relation_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/relation_test.rb
index 194faa9473aa76c93c88062289f495ae5e0e493f..c9c05b75a61ef8aec5cce49562de2ef166919c1f 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/relation_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/relation_test.rb
@@ -168,6 +168,22 @@ def test_references_values_dont_duplicate
       assert_raises(ArgumentError) { Relation::HashMerger.new(nil, omg: 'lol') }
     end
 
+    test 'merging nil or false raises' do
+      relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil)
+
+      e = assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+        relation = relation.merge nil
+      end
+
+      assert_equal 'invalid argument: nil.', e.message
+
+      e = assert_raises(ArgumentError) do
+        relation = relation.merge false
+      end
+
+      assert_equal 'invalid argument: false.', e.message
+    end
+
     test '#values returns a dup of the values' do
       relation = Relation.new(FakeKlass, :b, nil).where! :foo
       values   = relation.values