diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb
index a0d90868756d48aee0f26b606d6309be270fadd5..96b73132346d7908b75d12da1a3a5fd6733a0f56 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract_adapter.rb
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ def index_algorithms
 
       # Returns a bind substitution value given a bind +index+ and +column+
       # NOTE: The column param is currently being used by the sqlserver-adapter
-      def substitute_at(column, index)
+      def substitute_at(column, index = 0)
         Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new '?'
       end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb
index 89a7257d77769a726833ce824dd9ac4efbe5829a..cf379ab21052c604f7c46d43e6ddfd350fe53185 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql/database_statements.rb
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ def execute(sql, name = nil)
           end
         end
 
-        def substitute_at(column, index)
+        def substitute_at(column, index = 0)
           Arel::Nodes::BindParam.new "$#{index + 1}"
         end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb
index 2c3cfb7631b288d582d8eed5507c9a0330102361..d8d416416e2ab5017d6285bc2904f5144f5ce914 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/query_methods.rb
@@ -958,8 +958,7 @@ def build_where(opts, other = [])
       when Hash
         opts = PredicateBuilder.resolve_column_aliases(klass, opts)
 
-        bv_len = bind_values.length
-        tmp_opts, bind_values = create_binds(opts, bv_len)
+        tmp_opts, bind_values = create_binds(opts)
         self.bind_values += bind_values
 
         attributes = @klass.send(:expand_hash_conditions_for_aggregates, tmp_opts)
@@ -971,7 +970,7 @@ def build_where(opts, other = [])
       end
     end
 
-    def create_binds(opts, idx)
+    def create_binds(opts)
       bindable, non_binds = opts.partition do |column, value|
         case value
         when String, Integer, ActiveRecord::StatementCache::Substitute
@@ -984,9 +983,9 @@ def create_binds(opts, idx)
       new_opts = {}
       binds = []
 
-      bindable.each_with_index do |(column,value), index|
+      bindable.each do |(column,value)|
         binds.push [@klass.columns_hash[column.to_s], value]
-        new_opts[column] = connection.substitute_at(column, index + idx)
+        new_opts[column] = connection.substitute_at(column)
       end
 
       non_binds.each { |column,value| new_opts[column] = value }