diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
index dbc81dd47574d772df58baafd26f451ee6e166d9..d67c4d0c3af0461523e985563b6d83572c92b547 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   module Dependencies #:nodoc:
     extend self
 
+    UNBOUND_METHOD_MODULE_NAME = Module.instance_method(:name)
+    private_constant :UNBOUND_METHOD_MODULE_NAME
+
     mattr_accessor :interlock, default: Interlock.new
 
     # :doc:
@@ -659,7 +662,7 @@ def safe_constantize(name)
 
     # Determine if the given constant has been automatically loaded.
     def autoloaded?(desc)
-      return false if desc.is_a?(Module) && desc.anonymous?
+      return false if desc.is_a?(Module) && real_mod_name(desc).nil?
       name = to_constant_name desc
       return false unless qualified_const_defined?(name)
       autoloaded_constants.include?(name)
@@ -715,7 +718,7 @@ def to_constant_name(desc) #:nodoc:
       when String then desc.sub(/^::/, "")
       when Symbol then desc.to_s
       when Module
-        desc.name ||
+        real_mod_name(desc) ||
           raise(ArgumentError, "Anonymous modules have no name to be referenced by")
       else raise TypeError, "Not a valid constant descriptor: #{desc.inspect}"
       end
@@ -789,6 +792,14 @@ def remove_constant(const) #:nodoc:
     def log(message)
       logger.debug("autoloading: #{message}") if logger && verbose
     end
+
+    private
+
+      # Returns the original name of a class or module even if `name` has been
+      # overridden.
+      def real_mod_name(mod)
+        UNBOUND_METHOD_MODULE_NAME.bind(mod).call
+      end
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/zeitwerk_integration.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/zeitwerk_integration.rb
index fd39ad6e55325b63c7f1c34d817fa06b55126cb4..c87fadcef8222d9f1482735082a08e4a5a902886 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/zeitwerk_integration.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/dependencies/zeitwerk_integration.rb
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def autoloaded_constants
         end
 
         def autoloaded?(object)
-          cpath = object.is_a?(Module) ? object.name : object.to_s
+          cpath = object.is_a?(Module) ? real_mod_name(object) : object.to_s
           Rails.autoloaders.main.unloadable_cpath?(cpath)
         end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb b/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb
index 003a0dbccb40df47b3dda1f51afa5bacfb57fcde..6bad69f7f224cc4e369463b4cc7522988dcf80ca 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/dependencies_test.rb
@@ -592,6 +592,13 @@ def test_autoloaded?
       nil_name = Module.new
       def nil_name.name() nil end
       assert_not ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoloaded?(nil_name)
+
+      invalid_constant_name = Module.new do
+        def self.name
+          "primary::SchemaMigration"
+        end
+      end
+      assert_not ActiveSupport::Dependencies.autoloaded?(invalid_constant_name)
     end
   ensure
     remove_constants(:ModuleFolder)
diff --git a/railties/test/application/zeitwerk_integration_test.rb b/railties/test/application/zeitwerk_integration_test.rb
index 9146222f7311d267fe58a461e647e3c69de35052..ff8c06b479aeaf48c619de6bf8c5e5ba77b48e82 100644
--- a/railties/test/application/zeitwerk_integration_test.rb
+++ b/railties/test/application/zeitwerk_integration_test.rb
@@ -98,6 +98,15 @@ class RESTfulController < ApplicationController
     assert_nil deps.safe_constantize("Admin")
   end
 
+  test "autoloaded? and overridden class names" do
+    invalid_constant_name = Module.new do
+      def self.name
+        "primary::SchemaMigration"
+      end
+    end
+    assert_not deps.autoloaded?(invalid_constant_name)
+  end
+
   test "unloadable constants (main)" do
     app_file "app/models/user.rb", "class User; end"
     app_file "app/models/post.rb", "class Post; end"