diff --git a/actionmailer/lib/rails/generators/mailer/USAGE b/actionmailer/lib/rails/generators/mailer/USAGE
index a08d4597396209e4b58f3ac008132687eed379c7..448ddbd5dfd45d0e1363367e2b1c99f78867ce31 100644
--- a/actionmailer/lib/rails/generators/mailer/USAGE
+++ b/actionmailer/lib/rails/generators/mailer/USAGE
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 Description:
+============
     Stubs out a new mailer and its views. Pass the mailer name, either
     CamelCased or under_scored, and an optional list of emails as arguments.
 
@@ -6,10 +7,12 @@ Description:
     engine and test framework generators.
 
 Example:
-    `rails generate mailer Notifications signup forgot_password invoice`
+========
+    rails generate mailer Notifications signup forgot_password invoice
 
     creates a Notifications mailer class, views, test, and fixtures:
         Mailer:     app/mailers/notifications.rb
         Views:      app/views/notifications/signup.erb [...]
         Test:       test/functional/notifications_test.rb
         Fixtures:   test/fixtures/notifications/signup [...]
+
diff --git a/actionmailer/test/base_test.rb b/actionmailer/test/base_test.rb
index 1b793d255e5350b50a84cd67dd1135b7cce10df3..6a7931da8c2688af3c988f67c977aacb3eddc661 100644
--- a/actionmailer/test/base_test.rb
+++ b/actionmailer/test/base_test.rb
@@ -153,8 +153,8 @@ def teardown
     assert_equal(2, email.parts.length)
     assert_equal("multipart/related", email.mime_type)
     assert_equal("multipart/alternative", email.parts[0].mime_type)
-      assert_equal("text/plain", email.parts[0].parts[0].mime_type)
-      assert_equal("text/html",  email.parts[0].parts[1].mime_type)
+    assert_equal("text/plain", email.parts[0].parts[0].mime_type)
+    assert_equal("text/html",  email.parts[0].parts[1].mime_type)
     assert_equal("logo.png", email.parts[1].filename)
   end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_case.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_case.rb
index 0f43527a56966e9baf2d5b8045df9f3d028c7d01..bc4f8bb9ce58da97b35fc2da6e2c1bb128ba47e7 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_case.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_controller/test_case.rb
@@ -172,6 +172,10 @@ def assign_parameters(routes, controller_path, action, parameters = {})
     end
 
     def recycle!
+      write_cookies!
+      @env.delete('HTTP_COOKIE') if @cookies.blank?
+      @env.delete('action_dispatch.cookies')
+      @cookies = nil
       @formats = nil
       @env.delete_if { |k, v| k =~ /^(action_dispatch|rack)\.request/ }
       @env.delete_if { |k, v| k =~ /^action_dispatch\.rescue/ }
@@ -301,7 +305,11 @@ def exists?
   # and cookies, though. For sessions, you just do:
   #
   #   @request.session[:key] = "value"
-  #   @request.cookies["key"] = "value"
+  #   @request.cookies[:key] = "value"
+  #
+  # To clear the cookies for a test just clear the request's cookies hash:
+  #
+  #   @request.cookies.clear
   #
   # == \Testing named routes
   #
@@ -416,6 +424,7 @@ def process(action, parameters = nil, session = nil, flash = nil, http_method =
         @controller.process_with_new_base_test(@request, @response)
         @assigns = @controller.respond_to?(:view_assigns) ? @controller.view_assigns : {}
         @request.session.delete('flash') if @request.session['flash'].blank?
+        @request.cookies.merge!(@response.cookies)
         @response
       end
 
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
index fc86d52a3a486c6c1020f98d57faf704bff3d8e9..61053d4464ad28e72b7571c93db4fd4c03d82346 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'rack/mount'
 require 'forwardable'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/to_query'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
 
@@ -330,6 +331,7 @@ def empty?
       end
 
       def add_route(app, conditions = {}, requirements = {}, defaults = {}, name = nil, anchor = true)
+        raise ArgumentError, "Invalid route name: '#{name}'" unless name.blank? || name.to_s.match(/^[_a-z]\w*$/i)
         route = Route.new(self, app, conditions, requirements, defaults, name, anchor)
         @set.add_route(*route)
         named_routes[name] = route if name
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb
index 16f36741646737783cef1892c0a142a22cec872a..d430691429e9ab18bc6c0d650137bf885424c84e 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_process.rb
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def flash
     end
 
     def cookies
-      HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(@request.cookies.merge(@response.cookies))
+      @request.cookies.merge(@response.cookies).with_indifferent_access
     end
 
     def redirect_to_url
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_request.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_request.rb
index cf440a1fade79d96559bb50660582151f8653ad2..822adb6a47082537e2f8667ce8bd84c6491348ee 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_request.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_dispatch/testing/test_request.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/reverse_merge'
+require 'rack/utils'
 
 module ActionDispatch
   class TestRequest < Request
@@ -77,10 +78,14 @@ def cookies
     private
       def write_cookies!
         unless @cookies.blank?
-          @env['HTTP_COOKIE'] = @cookies.map { |name, value| "#{name}=#{value};" }.join(' ')
+          @env['HTTP_COOKIE'] = @cookies.map { |name, value| escape_cookie(name, value) }.join('; ')
         end
       end
 
+      def escape_cookie(name, value)
+        "#{Rack::Utils.escape(name)}=#{Rack::Utils.escape(value)}"
+      end
+
       def delete_nil_values!
         @env.delete_if { |k, v| v.nil? }
       end
diff --git a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
index 669ccd2a2d86ac3794fbca1d9b80288afb400da8..6df86ae65a14ec7e7b970f59f193427e733e0ce2 100644
--- a/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
+++ b/actionpack/lib/action_view/helpers/form_helper.rb
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/slice'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 require 'active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety'
+require 'active_support/core_ext/array/extract_options'
 
 module ActionView
   # = Action View Form Helpers
@@ -880,9 +881,9 @@ def range_field(object_name, method, options = {})
 
       private
 
-        def instantiate_builder(record, record_object = nil, options = nil, &block)
-          options, record_object = record_object, nil if record_object.is_a?(Hash)
-          options ||= {}
+        def instantiate_builder(record, *args, &block)
+          options = args.extract_options!
+          record_object = args.shift
 
           case record
           when String, Symbol
diff --git a/actionpack/test/dispatch/cookies_test.rb b/actionpack/test/dispatch/cookies_test.rb
index 1cfea6aa123f181f53f26cfb2483c5bb59c7efe9..39159fd629d3e6bd8cd42d3bc69190d9a7926e77 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/dispatch/cookies_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/dispatch/cookies_test.rb
@@ -124,6 +124,20 @@ def string_key
       cookies['user_name'] = "david"
       head :ok
     end
+
+    def symbol_key_mock
+      cookies[:user_name] = "david" if cookies[:user_name] == "andrew"
+      head :ok
+    end
+
+    def string_key_mock
+      cookies['user_name'] = "david" if cookies['user_name'] == "andrew"
+      head :ok
+    end
+
+    def noop
+      head :ok
+    end
   end
 
   tests TestController
@@ -411,6 +425,57 @@ def test_cookies_hash_is_indifferent_access
     end
   end
 
+  def test_setting_request_cookies_is_indifferent_access
+    @request.cookies.clear
+    @request.cookies[:user_name] = "andrew"
+    get :string_key_mock
+    assert_equal "david", cookies[:user_name]
+
+    @request.cookies.clear
+    @request.cookies['user_name'] = "andrew"
+    get :symbol_key_mock
+    assert_equal "david", cookies['user_name']
+  end
+
+  def test_cookies_retained_across_requests
+    get :symbol_key
+    assert_equal "user_name=david; path=/", @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    assert_equal "david", cookies[:user_name]
+
+    get :noop
+    assert_nil @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    assert_equal "user_name=david", @request.env['HTTP_COOKIE']
+    assert_equal "david", cookies[:user_name]
+
+    get :noop
+    assert_nil @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    assert_equal "user_name=david", @request.env['HTTP_COOKIE']
+    assert_equal "david", cookies[:user_name]
+  end
+
+  def test_cookies_can_be_cleared
+    get :symbol_key
+    assert_equal "user_name=david; path=/", @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    assert_equal "david", cookies[:user_name]
+
+    @request.cookies.clear
+    get :noop
+    assert_nil @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    assert_nil @request.env['HTTP_COOKIE']
+    assert_nil cookies[:user_name]
+
+    get :symbol_key
+    assert_equal "user_name=david; path=/", @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
+    assert_equal "david", cookies[:user_name]
+  end
+
+  def test_cookies_are_escaped
+    @request.cookies[:user_ids] = '1;2'
+    get :noop
+    assert_equal "user_ids=1%3B2", @request.env['HTTP_COOKIE']
+    assert_equal "1;2", cookies[:user_ids]
+  end
+
   private
     def assert_cookie_header(expected)
       header = @response.headers["Set-Cookie"]
diff --git a/actionpack/test/dispatch/routing_test.rb b/actionpack/test/dispatch/routing_test.rb
index 1a96587836b89408152eca52ea1763eeca5207b8..5e5758a60e7c06e5bef73295645e9677d2b39226 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/dispatch/routing_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/dispatch/routing_test.rb
@@ -2313,6 +2313,38 @@ def test_controller_name_with_leading_slash_raise_error
     end
   end
 
+  def test_invalid_route_name_raises_error
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      self.class.stub_controllers do |routes|
+        routes.draw { get '/products', :to => 'products#index', :as => 'products ' }
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      self.class.stub_controllers do |routes|
+        routes.draw { get '/products', :to => 'products#index', :as => ' products' }
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      self.class.stub_controllers do |routes|
+        routes.draw { get '/products', :to => 'products#index', :as => 'products!' }
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      self.class.stub_controllers do |routes|
+        routes.draw { get '/products', :to => 'products#index', :as => 'products index' }
+      end
+    end
+
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      self.class.stub_controllers do |routes|
+        routes.draw { get '/products', :to => 'products#index', :as => '1products' }
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
   def test_nested_route_in_nested_resource
     get "/posts/1/comments/2/views"
     assert_equal "comments#views", @response.body
diff --git a/actionpack/test/dispatch/test_request_test.rb b/actionpack/test/dispatch/test_request_test.rb
index e42ade73d1afedc66f4c32b0c3155b2cda09d974..81a8c24525565caa418a92c439d20f39aa109824 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/dispatch/test_request_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/dispatch/test_request_test.rb
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ class TestRequestTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
 
     req.cookies["user_name"] = "david"
     assert_equal({"user_name" => "david"}, req.cookies)
-    assert_equal "user_name=david;", req.env["HTTP_COOKIE"]
+    assert_equal "user_name=david", req.env["HTTP_COOKIE"]
 
     req.cookies["login"] = "XJ-122"
     assert_equal({"user_name" => "david", "login" => "XJ-122"}, req.cookies)
-    assert_equal %w(login=XJ-122 user_name=david), req.env["HTTP_COOKIE"].split(/; ?/).sort
+    assert_equal %w(login=XJ-122 user_name=david), req.env["HTTP_COOKIE"].split(/; /).sort
   end
 end
diff --git a/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb b/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb
index 69b1d4ff7bda46dbfa1e380af3cc88bca65ad585..93ff7ba0fd4ec197ff4dd8eb29913b4f82d6906e 100644
--- a/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb
+++ b/actionpack/test/template/form_options_helper_test.rb
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 require 'abstract_unit'
 require 'tzinfo'
 
+class Map < Hash
+  def category
+    "<mus>"
+  end
+end
+
 TZInfo::Timezone.cattr_reader :loaded_zones
 
 class FormOptionsHelperTest < ActionView::TestCase
@@ -394,6 +400,19 @@ def test_select_under_fields_for
     )
   end
 
+  def test_fields_for_with_record_inherited_from_hash
+    map = Map.new
+
+    output_buffer = fields_for :map, map do |f|
+      concat f.select(:category, %w( abe <mus> hest))
+    end
+
+    assert_dom_equal(
+      "<select id=\"map_category\" name=\"map[category]\"><option value=\"abe\">abe</option>\n<option value=\"&lt;mus&gt;\" selected=\"selected\">&lt;mus&gt;</option>\n<option value=\"hest\">hest</option></select>",
+      output_buffer
+    )
+  end
+
   def test_select_under_fields_for_with_index
     @post = Post.new
     @post.category = "<mus>"
diff --git a/activemodel/lib/active_model/observing.rb b/activemodel/lib/active_model/observing.rb
index af036b560e0976b86983d9f04a32767ee7bedba4..ef36f80bec3230bb1727a3baafdbbb129f09fa27 100644
--- a/activemodel/lib/active_model/observing.rb
+++ b/activemodel/lib/active_model/observing.rb
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def count_observers
         def instantiate_observer(observer) #:nodoc:
           # string/symbol
           if observer.respond_to?(:to_sym)
-            observer = observer.to_s.camelize.constantize.instance
+            observer.to_s.camelize.constantize.instance
           elsif observer.respond_to?(:instance)
             observer.instance
           else
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/backtrace_cleaner.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/backtrace_cleaner.rb
index 8465bc1e105f484de559f15f5a555cc8813e0cea..0e6bc30fa296e08cad15bc69d8fb4fdc90d2f9d5 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/backtrace_cleaner.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/backtrace_cleaner.rb
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   # filter or modify the paths of any lines of the backtrace, you can call BacktraceCleaner#remove_filters! These two methods
   # will give you a completely untouched backtrace.
   #
-  # Example:
+  # ==== Example:
   #
   #   bc = BacktraceCleaner.new
   #   bc.add_filter   { |line| line.gsub(Rails.root, '') }
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
index b4f0c42e3774822f13eeba2eb2e26a8176370b0d..10c457bb1de061440206cd1e97386cbdea577ee0 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/cache.rb
@@ -484,19 +484,20 @@ def merged_options(call_options) # :nodoc:
         # object responds to +cache_key+. Otherwise, to_param method will be
         # called. If the key is a Hash, then keys will be sorted alphabetically.
         def expanded_key(key) # :nodoc:
-          if key.respond_to?(:cache_key)
-            key = key.cache_key.to_s
-          elsif key.is_a?(Array)
+          return key.cache_key.to_s if key.respond_to?(:cache_key)
+
+          case key
+          when Array
             if key.size > 1
-              key.collect{|element| expanded_key(element)}.to_param
+              key = key.collect{|element| expanded_key(element)}
             else
-              key.first.to_param
+              key = key.first
             end
-          elsif key.is_a?(Hash)
-            key = key.to_a.sort{|a,b| a.first.to_s <=> b.first.to_s}.collect{|k,v| "#{k}=#{v}"}.to_param
-          else
-            key = key.to_param
+          when Hash
+            key = key.sort_by { |k,_| k.to_s }.collect{|k,v| "#{k}=#{v}"}
           end
+
+          key.to_param
         end
 
         # Prefix a key with the namespace. Namespace and key will be delimited with a colon.
@@ -589,11 +590,7 @@ def compressed?
       # Check if the entry is expired. The +expires_in+ parameter can override the
       # value set when the entry was created.
       def expired?
-        if @expires_in && @created_at + @expires_in <= Time.now.to_f
-          true
-        else
-          false
-        end
+        @expires_in && @created_at + @expires_in <= Time.now.to_f
       end
 
       # Set a new time when the entry will expire.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb
index be19189c042eb2ce8030d1e3c78a1f22df3e7367..8c56a21ef77eb08cd806d527a620aaa13255f82c 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/configurable.rb
@@ -64,21 +64,21 @@ def #{name}=(value); config.#{name} = value; end
     end
 
     # Reads and writes attributes from a configuration <tt>OrderedHash</tt>.
-    # 
-    #   require 'active_support/configurable'      
-    #  
+    #
+    #   require 'active_support/configurable'
+    #
     #   class User
     #     include ActiveSupport::Configurable
-    #   end 
+    #   end
     #
     #   user = User.new
-    # 
+    #
     #   user.config.allowed_access = true
     #   user.config.level = 1
     #
     #   user.config.allowed_access # => true
     #   user.config.level          # => 1
-    # 
+    #
     def config
       @_config ||= self.class.config.inheritable_copy
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb
index 6a344867ee0b9e73b87c034824a7cd966d49d350..79a0de7940ff4b9d89b80e1b8317d3197391e1be 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/hash_with_indifferent_access.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/hash/keys'
 
 # This class has dubious semantics and we only have it so that
-# people can write params[:key] instead of params['key']
+# people can write <tt>params[:key]</tt> instead of <tt>params['key']</tt>
 # and they get the same value for both keys.
 
 module ActiveSupport
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def merge(hash)
     end
 
     # Performs the opposite of merge, with the keys and values from the first hash taking precedence over the second.
-    # This overloaded definition prevents returning a regular hash, if reverse_merge is called on a HashWithDifferentAccess.
+    # This overloaded definition prevents returning a regular hash, if reverse_merge is called on a <tt>HashWithDifferentAccess</tt>.
     def reverse_merge(other_hash)
       super self.class.new_from_hash_copying_default(other_hash)
     end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n_railtie.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n_railtie.rb
index 4a9ee5a769bd1e6e35188a8dcae4854e6ef13258..a25e95108016020983e3130c0bd912a9466ff84d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n_railtie.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/i18n_railtie.rb
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ def self.reloader
       @reloader ||= ActiveSupport::FileUpdateChecker.new([]){ I18n.reload! }
     end
 
-    # Add I18n::Railtie.reloader to ActionDispatch callbacks. Since, at this
+    # Add <tt>I18n::Railtie.reloader</tt> to ActionDispatch callbacks. Since, at this
     # point, no path was added to the reloader, I18n.reload! is not triggered
     # on to_prepare callbacks. This will only happen on the config.after_initialize
     # callback below.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb
index df335af841a734f2480c218cf1c30d0e03fafead..10675edac594f7fcb917cb9a676aa524b4c4783d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/log_subscriber.rb
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   #   ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber.attach_to :active_record
   #
   # Since we need to know all instance methods before attaching the log subscriber,
-  # the line above should be called after your ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber definition.
+  # the line above should be called after your <tt>ActiveRecord::LogSubscriber</tt> definition.
   #
   # After configured, whenever a "sql.active_record" notification is published,
   # it will properly dispatch the event (ActiveSupport::Notifications::Event) to
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb
index d21f90f8b7d65d343a9021603f9046cb22540393..4f7cd12d48eb203a6142531e2525a8ab4a6e5b33 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_encryptor.rb
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ module ActiveSupport
   #
   # The cipher text and initialization vector are base64 encoded and returned to you.
   #
-  # This can be used in situations similar to the MessageVerifier, but where you don't
+  # This can be used in situations similar to the <tt>MessageVerifier</tt>, but where you don't
   # want users to be able to determine the value of the payload.
   class MessageEncryptor
     class InvalidMessage < StandardError; end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb
index 9a4468f73c6aebde94cff3e6a25bdf7235356911..8f3946325a4a70486b8c6a3047f2e6084873fb5a 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/message_verifier.rb
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/object/blank'
 
 module ActiveSupport
-  # MessageVerifier makes it easy to generate and verify messages which are signed
+  # +MessageVerifier+ makes it easy to generate and verify messages which are signed
   # to prevent tampering.
   #
   # This is useful for cases like remember-me tokens and auto-unsubscribe links where the
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/whiny_nil.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/whiny_nil.rb
index 91ddef26197f3615b7b4e69dc6838e048596aeac..bcedbfd57a66f83f8457a3289db716be50fb6e69 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/whiny_nil.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/whiny_nil.rb
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def self.add_whiner(klass)
 
   # Raises a RuntimeError when you attempt to call +id+ on +nil+.
   def id
-    raise RuntimeError, "Called id for nil, which would mistakenly be 4 -- if you really wanted the id of nil, use object_id", caller
+    raise RuntimeError, "Called id for nil, which would mistakenly be #{object_id} -- if you really wanted the id of nil, use object_id", caller
   end
 
   private
diff --git a/activesupport/test/caching_test.rb b/activesupport/test/caching_test.rb
index 579d5dad243038a01e9fea14b1246ae5d38454e7..e5668e29d70cf2fdeca1be551ecd7c2996974979 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/caching_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/caching_test.rb
@@ -679,12 +679,12 @@ def test_create_raw_entry
 
   def test_expired
     entry = ActiveSupport::Cache::Entry.new("value")
-    assert_equal false, entry.expired?
+    assert !entry.expired?, 'entry not expired'
     entry = ActiveSupport::Cache::Entry.new("value", :expires_in => 60)
-    assert_equal false, entry.expired?
+    assert !entry.expired?, 'entry not expired'
     time = Time.now + 61
     Time.stubs(:now).returns(time)
-    assert_equal true, entry.expired?
+    assert entry.expired?, 'entry is expired'
   end
 
   def test_compress_values
diff --git a/activesupport/test/whiny_nil_test.rb b/activesupport/test/whiny_nil_test.rb
index 4b9f06deada2968cffe24a81686ea3f67e968e7d..ec3ca99ee693c0993d265892d92c31d648f5ccda 100644
--- a/activesupport/test/whiny_nil_test.rb
+++ b/activesupport/test/whiny_nil_test.rb
@@ -33,9 +33,11 @@ def test_array
   end
 
   def test_id
+    nil.stubs(:object_id).returns(999)
     nil.id
   rescue RuntimeError => nme
     assert_no_match(/nil:NilClass/, nme.message)
+    assert_match(/999/, nme.message)
   end
 
   def test_no_to_ary_coercion
diff --git a/railties/guides/source/active_record_querying.textile b/railties/guides/source/active_record_querying.textile
index 64a68f7592c23561cb30b3b06ffb735d21527319..ed3968e2265b63322463f09fd6714b3c9345261a 100644
--- a/railties/guides/source/active_record_querying.textile
+++ b/railties/guides/source/active_record_querying.textile
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ Client.limit(5).offset(30)
 will return instead a maximum of 5 clients beginning with the 31st. The SQL looks like:
 
 <sql>
-SELECT * FROM clients LIMIT 5, 30
+SELECT * FROM clients LIMIT 5 OFFSET 30
 </sql>
 
 h3. Group
diff --git a/railties/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile b/railties/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile
index 3454b8b7a38d82c83482baf48b32bfb4df6218ce..82e7edfc84a485f802fd33cf7a9ac5b41791c662 100644
--- a/railties/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile
+++ b/railties/guides/source/contributing_to_ruby_on_rails.textile
@@ -364,6 +364,20 @@ Please make sure the patch does not introduce whitespace errors:
 $ git apply --whitespace=error-all mynew_patch.diff
 </shell>
 
+You can check your patches by applying your patch to an different dedicated branch:
+
+<shell>
+$ git checkout -b testing_branch
+$ git apply --check my_new_patch.diff
+</shell>
+
+You can make sure your patches don't add any whitespace by applying it yourself using the --whitespace=error-all option. Make sure you are on your dedicated test branche and:
+
+<shell>
+$ git apply --whitespace=error-all mynew_patch.diff
+</shell>
+
+
 h4. Create a Lighthouse Ticket
 
 Now create a ticket with your patch. Go to the "new ticket":http://rails.lighthouseapp.com/projects/8994-ruby-on-rails/tickets/new page at Lighthouse. Fill in a reasonable title and description, remember to attach your patch file, and tag the ticket with the ‘patch’ tag and whatever other subject area tags make sense.