diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb
index 6162f7af27fcc2c18a2d6d0dce400c7d73d01422..44d90ef7328bafa5b7fd572cb820400acd724dc1 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/access.rb
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def from(position)
   #   %w( a b c d ).to(10) # => %w( a b c d )
   #   %w().to(0)           # => %w()
   def to(position)
-    self.first position + 1
+    first position + 1
   end
 
   # Equal to <tt>self[1]</tt>.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
index f3d06ecb2f3932b3e698f0274683699f75c2d538..258688772ba1e5972b4539aca2deee712cc84e3f 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/array/conversions.rb
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ def to_sentence(options = {})
   def to_formatted_s(format = :default)
     case format
       when :db
-        if respond_to?(:empty?) && self.empty?
+        if respond_to?(:empty?) && empty?
           "null"
         else
           collect { |element| element.id }.join(",")
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
index 95eb94fdf600ac347be626cf6cc59555ac6c4e83..33775500b415503365daa32c653a61d274560794 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/class/attribute_accessors.rb
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def #{sym}=(obj)
           end
         EOS
       end
-      self.send("#{sym}=", yield) if block_given?
+      send("#{sym}=", yield) if block_given?
     end
   end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
index 6d4270f8b0e4fe2eba386a86944200c934a6fd81..323126fcfadf295cbc98e79499726a7fe5a51eb4 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/calculations.rb
@@ -5,7 +5,15 @@
 require 'active_support/core_ext/time/zones'
 
 class Date
-  DAYS_INTO_WEEK = { :monday => 0, :tuesday => 1, :wednesday => 2, :thursday => 3, :friday => 4, :saturday => 5, :sunday => 6 }
+  DAYS_INTO_WEEK = {
+    :monday => 0,
+    :tuesday => 1,
+    :wednesday => 2,
+    :thursday => 3,
+    :friday => 4,
+    :saturday => 5,
+    :sunday => 6
+  }
 
   class << self
     # Returns a new Date representing the date 1 day ago (i.e. yesterday's date).
@@ -31,7 +39,7 @@ def past?
 
   # Returns true if the Date object's date is today.
   def today?
-    self.to_date == ::Date.current # we need the to_date because of DateTime
+    to_date == ::Date.current # we need the to_date because of DateTime
   end
 
   # Returns true if the Date object's date lies in the future.
@@ -105,9 +113,9 @@ def advance(options)
   #   Date.new(2007, 5, 12).change(:year => 2005, :month => 1) # => Date.new(2005, 1, 12)
   def change(options)
     ::Date.new(
-      options[:year]  || self.year,
-      options[:month] || self.month,
-      options[:day]   || self.day
+      options.fetch(:year, year),
+      options.fetch(:month, month),
+      options.fetch(:day, day)
     )
   end
 
@@ -166,7 +174,7 @@ def monday
   def end_of_week(start_day = :monday)
     days_to_end = 6 - days_to_week_start(start_day)
     result = self + days_to_end.days
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? result.end_of_day : result
+    acts_like?(:time) ? result.end_of_day : result
   end
   alias :at_end_of_week :end_of_week
 
@@ -180,7 +188,7 @@ def sunday
   # week. Default is +:monday+. +DateTime+ objects have their time set to 0:00.
   def prev_week(day = :monday)
     result = (self - 7).beginning_of_week + DAYS_INTO_WEEK[day]
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? result.change(:hour => 0) : result
+    acts_like?(:time) ? result.change(:hour => 0) : result
   end
   alias :last_week :prev_week
 
@@ -193,43 +201,57 @@ def prev_week(day = :monday)
   # Returns a new Date/DateTime representing the start of the given day in next week (default is :monday).
   def next_week(day = :monday)
     result = (self + 7).beginning_of_week + DAYS_INTO_WEEK[day]
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? result.change(:hour => 0) : result
+    acts_like?(:time) ? result.change(:hour => 0) : result
   end
 
   # Returns a new ; DateTime objects will have time set to 0:00DateTime representing the start of the month (1st of the month; DateTime objects will have time set to 0:00)
   def beginning_of_month
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? change(:day => 1, :hour => 0) : change(:day => 1)
+    acts_like?(:time) ? change(:day => 1, :hour => 0) : change(:day => 1)
   end
   alias :at_beginning_of_month :beginning_of_month
 
   # Returns a new Date/DateTime representing the end of the month (last day of the month; DateTime objects will have time set to 0:00)
   def end_of_month
-    last_day = ::Time.days_in_month( self.month, self.year )
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? change(:day => last_day, :hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59) : change(:day => last_day)
+    last_day = ::Time.days_in_month(month, year)
+    if acts_like?(:time)
+      change(:day => last_day, :hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59)
+    else
+      change(:day => last_day)
+    end
   end
   alias :at_end_of_month :end_of_month
 
   # Returns a new Date/DateTime representing the start of the quarter (1st of january, april, july, october; DateTime objects will have time set to 0:00)
   def beginning_of_quarter
-    beginning_of_month.change(:month => [10, 7, 4, 1].detect { |m| m <= self.month })
+    first_quarter_month = [10, 7, 4, 1].detect { |m| m <= month }
+    beginning_of_month.change(:month => first_quarter_month)
   end
   alias :at_beginning_of_quarter :beginning_of_quarter
 
   # Returns a new Date/DateTime representing the end of the quarter (last day of march, june, september, december; DateTime objects will have time set to 23:59:59)
   def end_of_quarter
-    beginning_of_month.change(:month => [3, 6, 9, 12].detect { |m| m >= self.month }).end_of_month
+    last_quarter_month = [3, 6, 9, 12].detect { |m| m >= month }
+    beginning_of_month.change(:month => last_quarter_month).end_of_month
   end
   alias :at_end_of_quarter :end_of_quarter
 
   # Returns a new Date/DateTime representing the start of the year (1st of january; DateTime objects will have time set to 0:00)
   def beginning_of_year
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? change(:month => 1, :day => 1, :hour => 0) : change(:month => 1, :day => 1)
+    if acts_like?(:time)
+      change(:month => 1, :day => 1, :hour => 0)
+    else
+      change(:month => 1, :day => 1)
+    end
   end
   alias :at_beginning_of_year :beginning_of_year
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the end of the year (31st of december; DateTime objects will have time set to 23:59:59)
   def end_of_year
-    self.acts_like?(:time) ? change(:month => 12, :day => 31, :hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59) : change(:month => 12, :day => 31)
+    if acts_like?(:time)
+      change(:month => 12, :day => 31, :hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59)
+    else
+      change(:month => 12, :day => 31)
+    end
   end
   alias :at_end_of_year :end_of_year
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
index 3262c254f7ce8f5227f64599e4f6ada8f176e747..c3e494b0b3155507d5dee7accd55aa66eae0ea9b 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date/conversions.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@ class Date
     :long         => "%B %e, %Y",
     :db           => "%Y-%m-%d",
     :number       => "%Y%m%d",
-    :long_ordinal => lambda { |date| date.strftime("%B #{ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinalize(date.day)}, %Y") }, # => "April 25th, 2007"
+    :long_ordinal => lambda { |date|
+      day_format = ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinalize(date.day)
+      date.strftime("%B #{day_format}, %Y") # => "April 25th, 2007"
+    },
     :rfc822       => "%e %b %Y"
   }
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb
index 6f730e4b6fbc83545b7b7acbe9d40c1cd3bd5a99..0e5aa5af105926a20c3f7ebe172fe2feec6d8d8d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/date_time/calculations.rb
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ class DateTime
   class << self
     # *DEPRECATED*: Use +DateTime.civil_from_format+ directly.
     def local_offset
-      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn 'DateTime.local_offset is deprecated. ' \
-        'Use DateTime.civil_from_format directly.', caller
+      ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn 'DateTime.local_offset is deprecated. Use DateTime.civil_from_format directly.', caller
+
       ::Time.local(2012).utc_offset.to_r / 86400
     end
 
@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ def seconds_since_midnight
   # minute is passed, then sec is set to 0.
   def change(options)
     ::DateTime.civil(
-      options[:year]  || year,
-      options[:month] || month,
-      options[:day]   || day,
-      options[:hour]  || hour,
-      options[:min]   || (options[:hour] ? 0 : min),
-      options[:sec]   || ((options[:hour] || options[:min]) ? 0 : sec),
-      options[:offset]  || offset,
-      options[:start]  || start
+      options.fetch(:year, year),
+      options.fetch(:month, month),
+      options.fetch(:day, day),
+      options.fetch(:hour, hour),
+      options.fetch(:min, options[:hour] ? 0 : min),
+      options.fetch(:sec, (options[:hour] || options[:min]) ? 0 : sec),
+      options.fetch(:offset, offset),
+      options.fetch(:start, start)
     )
   end
 
@@ -53,8 +53,16 @@ def change(options)
   def advance(options)
     d = to_date.advance(options)
     datetime_advanced_by_date = change(:year => d.year, :month => d.month, :day => d.day)
-    seconds_to_advance = (options[:seconds] || 0) + (options[:minutes] || 0) * 60 + (options[:hours] || 0) * 3600
-    seconds_to_advance == 0 ? datetime_advanced_by_date : datetime_advanced_by_date.since(seconds_to_advance)
+    seconds_to_advance = \
+      options.fetch(:seconds, 0) +
+      options.fetch(:minutes, 0) * 60 +
+      options.fetch(:hours, 0) * 3600
+
+    if seconds_to_advance.zero?
+      datetime_advanced_by_date
+    else
+      datetime_advanced_by_date.since seconds_to_advance
+    end
   end
 
   # Returns a new DateTime representing the time a number of seconds ago
@@ -108,4 +116,5 @@ def utc_offset
   def <=>(other)
     super other.to_datetime
   end
+
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/enumerable.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/enumerable.rb
index 77a50879816e52f0642b911b19dcd86ce3203f64..8c6c1b66581e0f6ad923d358e7b46b9d028a5e57 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/enumerable.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/enumerable.rb
@@ -62,8 +62,11 @@ class Range #:nodoc:
   # Optimize range sum to use arithmetic progression if a block is not given and
   # we have a range of numeric values.
   def sum(identity = 0)
-    return super if block_given? || !(first.instance_of?(Integer) && last.instance_of?(Integer))
-    actual_last = exclude_end? ? (last - 1) : last
-    (actual_last - first + 1) * (actual_last + first) / 2
+    if block_given? || !(first.instance_of?(Integer) && last.instance_of?(Integer))
+      super
+    else
+      actual_last = exclude_end? ? (last - 1) : last
+      (actual_last - first + 1) * (actual_last + first) / 2
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb
index a51818d2b28e693bb67cb3a0cb6a9440dcacf578..16fce81445506a4823ab2c5123c85a31a903d2ea 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/logger.rb
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ def silence(temporary_level = Logger::ERROR)
   alias :old_datetime_format= :datetime_format=
   # Logging date-time format (string passed to +strftime+). Ignored if the formatter
   # does not respond to datetime_format=.
-  def datetime_format=(datetime_format)
-    formatter.datetime_format = datetime_format if formatter.respond_to?(:datetime_format=)
+  def datetime_format=(format)
+    formatter.datetime_format = format if formatter.respond_to?(:datetime_format=)
   end
 
   alias :old_datetime_format :datetime_format
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion.rb
index f611cdd6067a2b894b6dbcc00b33959dbe139211..dab808aa558e18d83d5a299d8c4aa074da04e43d 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/object/inclusion.rb
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ class Object
   #
   #   characters = ["Konata", "Kagami", "Tsukasa"]
   #   "Konata".in?(characters) # => true
-  #   
+  #
   #   character = "Konata"
   #   character.in?("Konata", "Kagami", "Tsukasa") # => true
   #
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ def in?(*args)
       if another_object.respond_to? :include?
         another_object.include? self
       else
-        raise ArgumentError.new("The single parameter passed to #in? must respond to #include?")
+        raise ArgumentError.new 'The single parameter passed to #in? must respond to #include?'
       end
     end
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
index 541f969faa2d774c6db92b78ccac376048b8e1af..9084bbee32af2693f122ce1003884c9460231105 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/conversions.rb
@@ -4,21 +4,33 @@
 class String
   # Form can be either :utc (default) or :local.
   def to_time(form = :utc)
-    return nil if self.blank?
-    d = ::Date._parse(self, false).values_at(:year, :mon, :mday, :hour, :min, :sec, :sec_fraction, :offset).map { |arg| arg || 0 }
-    d[6] *= 1000000
-    ::Time.send("#{form}_time", *d[0..6]) - d[7]
+    unless blank?
+      date_values = ::Date._parse(self, false).
+        values_at(:year, :mon, :mday, :hour, :min, :sec, :sec_fraction, :offset).
+        map! { |arg| arg || 0 }
+      date_values[6] *= 1000000
+      offset = date_values.pop
+
+      ::Time.send("#{form}_time", *date_values) - offset
+    end
   end
 
   def to_date
-    return nil if self.blank?
-    ::Date.new(*::Date._parse(self, false).values_at(:year, :mon, :mday))
+    unless blank?
+      date_values = ::Date._parse(self, false).values_at(:year, :mon, :mday)
+
+      ::Date.new(*date_values)
+    end
   end
 
   def to_datetime
-    return nil if self.blank?
-    d = ::Date._parse(self, false).values_at(:year, :mon, :mday, :hour, :min, :sec, :zone, :sec_fraction).map { |arg| arg || 0 }
-    d[5] += d.pop
-    ::DateTime.civil(*d)
+    unless blank?
+      date_values = ::Date._parse(self, false).
+        values_at(:year, :mon, :mday, :hour, :min, :sec, :zone, :sec_fraction).
+        map! { |arg| arg || 0 }
+      date_values[5] += date_values.pop
+
+      ::DateTime.civil(*date_values)
+    end
   end
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb
index 1a34e88a8758fc4081c36005e2723115b0df028b..7fbd140d931586ac6b7b506645dbd79321f013bb 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/filters.rb
@@ -35,13 +35,17 @@ def squish!
   #
   #   "And they found that many people were sleeping better.".truncate(25, :omission => "... (continued)")
   #   # => "And they f... (continued)"
-  def truncate(length, options = {})
-    return self.dup unless self.length > length
+  def truncate(truncate_at, options = {})
+    return dup unless length > truncate_at
 
     options[:omission] ||= "..."
-    length_with_room_for_omission = length - options[:omission].length
-    stop = options[:separator] ?
-      (rindex(options[:separator], length_with_room_for_omission) || length_with_room_for_omission) : length_with_room_for_omission
+    length_with_room_for_omission = truncate_at - options[:omission].length
+    stop = \
+      if options[:separator]
+        rindex(options[:separator], length_with_room_for_omission) || length_with_room_for_omission
+      else
+        length_with_room_for_omission
+      end
 
     self[0...stop] + options[:omission]
   end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb
index 4903687b731b5c653ff66a7736f3a9442bd37344..a7b87d1a4fb4073ba2703e075234e333cd41d7ea 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/output_safety.rb
@@ -92,7 +92,10 @@ def html_safe?
 
 module ActiveSupport #:nodoc:
   class SafeBuffer < String
-    UNSAFE_STRING_METHODS = ["capitalize", "chomp", "chop", "delete", "downcase", "gsub", "lstrip", "next", "reverse", "rstrip", "slice", "squeeze", "strip", "sub", "succ", "swapcase", "tr", "tr_s", "upcase", "prepend"].freeze
+    UNSAFE_STRING_METHODS = %w(
+      capitalize chomp chop delete downcase gsub lstrip next reverse rstrip
+      slice squeeze strip sub succ swapcase tr tr_s upcase prepend
+    )
 
     alias_method :original_concat, :concat
     private :original_concat
@@ -104,14 +107,16 @@ def initialize
     end
 
     def [](*args)
-      return super if args.size < 2
-
-      if html_safe?
-        new_safe_buffer = super
-        new_safe_buffer.instance_eval { @html_safe = true }
-        new_safe_buffer
+      if args.size < 2
+        super
       else
-        to_str[*args]
+        if html_safe?
+          new_safe_buffer = super
+          new_safe_buffer.instance_eval { @html_safe = true }
+          new_safe_buffer
+        else
+          to_str[*args]
+        end
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb
index 7add47be448c8d70f39c578b4bdd6e0b876f3679..2ff2ca1dbcaac8aa2ae96a50d5dfd047ab2780f4 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/calculations.rb
@@ -3,7 +3,15 @@
 
 class Time
   COMMON_YEAR_DAYS_IN_MONTH = [nil, 31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
-  DAYS_INTO_WEEK = { :monday => 0, :tuesday => 1, :wednesday => 2, :thursday => 3, :friday => 4, :saturday => 5, :sunday => 6 }
+  DAYS_INTO_WEEK = {
+    :monday    => 0,
+    :tuesday   => 1,
+    :wednesday => 2,
+    :thursday  => 3,
+    :friday    => 4,
+    :saturday  => 5,
+    :sunday    => 6
+  }
 
   class << self
     # Overriding case equality method so that it returns true for ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone instances
@@ -23,8 +31,13 @@ def days_in_month(month, year = now.year)
     # otherwise returns a DateTime.
     def time_with_datetime_fallback(utc_or_local, year, month=1, day=1, hour=0, min=0, sec=0, usec=0)
       time = ::Time.send(utc_or_local, year, month, day, hour, min, sec, usec)
+
       # This check is needed because Time.utc(y) returns a time object in the 2000s for 0 <= y <= 138.
-      time.year == year ? time : ::DateTime.civil_from_format(utc_or_local, year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
+      if time.year == year
+        time
+      else
+        ::DateTime.civil_from_format(utc_or_local, year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
+      end
     rescue
       ::DateTime.civil_from_format(utc_or_local, year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
     end
@@ -71,13 +84,13 @@ def seconds_since_midnight
   def change(options)
     ::Time.send(
       utc? ? :utc_time : :local_time,
-      options[:year]  || year,
-      options[:month] || month,
-      options[:day]   || day,
-      options[:hour]  || hour,
-      options[:min]   || (options[:hour] ? 0 : min),
-      options[:sec]   || ((options[:hour] || options[:min]) ? 0 : sec),
-      options[:usec]  || ((options[:hour] || options[:min] || options[:sec]) ? 0 : Rational(nsec, 1000))
+      options.fetch(:year, year),
+      options.fetch(:month, month),
+      options.fetch(:day, day),
+      options.fetch(:hour, hour),
+      options.fetch(:min, options[:hour] ? 0 : min),
+      options.fetch(:sec, (options[:hour] || options[:min]) ? 0 : sec),
+      options.fetch(:usec, (options[:hour] || options[:min] || options[:sec]) ? 0 : Rational(nsec, 1000))
     )
   end
 
@@ -88,18 +101,26 @@ def change(options)
   def advance(options)
     unless options[:weeks].nil?
       options[:weeks], partial_weeks = options[:weeks].divmod(1)
-      options[:days] = (options[:days] || 0) + 7 * partial_weeks
+      options[:days] = options.fetch(:days, 0) + 7 * partial_weeks
     end
 
     unless options[:days].nil?
       options[:days], partial_days = options[:days].divmod(1)
-      options[:hours] = (options[:hours] || 0) + 24 * partial_days
+      options[:hours] = options.fetch(:hours, 0) + 24 * partial_days
     end
 
     d = to_date.advance(options)
     time_advanced_by_date = change(:year => d.year, :month => d.month, :day => d.day)
-    seconds_to_advance = (options[:seconds] || 0) + (options[:minutes] || 0) * 60 + (options[:hours] || 0) * 3600
-    seconds_to_advance == 0 ? time_advanced_by_date : time_advanced_by_date.since(seconds_to_advance)
+    seconds_to_advance = \
+      options.fetch(:seconds, 0) +
+      options.fetch(:minutes, 0) * 60 +
+      options.fetch(:hours, 0) * 3600
+
+    if seconds_to_advance.zero?
+      time_advanced_by_date
+    else
+      time_advanced_by_date.since(seconds_to_advance)
+    end
   end
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the time a number of seconds ago, this is basically a wrapper around the Numeric extension
@@ -167,6 +188,7 @@ def days_to_week_start(start_day = :monday)
     start_day_number = DAYS_INTO_WEEK[start_day]
     current_day_number = wday != 0 ? wday - 1 : 6
     days_span = current_day_number - start_day_number
+
     days_span >= 0 ? days_span : 7 + days_span
   end
 
@@ -198,13 +220,19 @@ def sunday
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the start of the given day in the previous week (default is :monday).
   def prev_week(day = :monday)
-    ago(1.week).beginning_of_week.since(DAYS_INTO_WEEK[day].day).change(:hour => 0)
+    ago(1.week).
+      beginning_of_week.
+      since(DAYS_INTO_WEEK[day].day).
+      change(:hour => 0)
   end
   alias_method :last_week, :prev_week
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the start of the given day in next week (default is :monday).
   def next_week(day = :monday)
-    since(1.week).beginning_of_week.since(DAYS_INTO_WEEK[day].day).change(:hour => 0)
+    since(1.week).
+      beginning_of_week.
+      since(DAYS_INTO_WEEK[day].day).
+      change(:hour => 0)
   end
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the start of the day (0:00)
@@ -218,7 +246,12 @@ def beginning_of_day
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the end of the day, 23:59:59.999999 (.999999999 in ruby1.9)
   def end_of_day
-    change(:hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59, :usec => 999999.999)
+    change(
+      :hour => 23,
+      :min => 59,
+      :sec => 59,
+      :usec => 999999.999
+    )
   end
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the start of the month (1st of the month, 0:00)
@@ -232,19 +265,27 @@ def beginning_of_month
   def end_of_month
     #self - ((self.mday-1).days + self.seconds_since_midnight)
     last_day = ::Time.days_in_month(month, year)
-    change(:day => last_day, :hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59, :usec => 999999.999)
+    change(
+      :day  => last_day,
+      :hour => 23,
+      :min  => 59,
+      :sec  => 59,
+      :usec => 999999.999
+    )
   end
   alias :at_end_of_month :end_of_month
 
   # Returns  a new Time representing the start of the quarter (1st of january, april, july, october, 0:00)
   def beginning_of_quarter
-    beginning_of_month.change(:month => [10, 7, 4, 1].detect { |m| m <= month })
+    first_quarter_month = [10, 7, 4, 1].detect { |m| m <= month }
+    beginning_of_month.change(:month => first_quarter_month)
   end
   alias :at_beginning_of_quarter :beginning_of_quarter
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the end of the quarter (end of the last day of march, june, september, december)
   def end_of_quarter
-    beginning_of_month.change(:month => [3, 6, 9, 12].detect { |m| m >= month }).end_of_month
+    last_quarter_month = [3, 6, 9, 12].detect { |m| m >= month }
+    beginning_of_month.change(:month => last_quarter_month).end_of_month
   end
   alias :at_end_of_quarter :end_of_quarter
 
@@ -256,7 +297,14 @@ def beginning_of_year
 
   # Returns a new Time representing the end of the year (end of the 31st of december)
   def end_of_year
-    change(:month => 12, :day => 31, :hour => 23, :min => 59, :sec => 59, :usec => 999999.999)
+    change(
+      :month => 12,
+      :day   => 31,
+      :hour  => 23,
+      :min   => 59,
+      :sec   => 59,
+      :usec  => 999999.999
+    )
   end
   alias :at_end_of_year :end_of_year
 
@@ -329,7 +377,11 @@ def minus_with_coercion(other)
   # can be chronologically compared with a Time
   def compare_with_coercion(other)
     # we're avoiding Time#to_datetime cause it's expensive
-    other.is_a?(Time) ? compare_without_coercion(other.to_time) : to_datetime <=> other
+    if other.is_a?(Time)
+      compare_without_coercion(other.to_time)
+    else
+      to_datetime <=> other
+    end
   end
   alias_method :compare_without_coercion, :<=>
   alias_method :<=>, :compare_with_coercion
@@ -343,4 +395,5 @@ def eql_with_coercion(other)
   end
   alias_method :eql_without_coercion, :eql?
   alias_method :eql?, :eql_with_coercion
+
 end
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb
index 0fdcd383f0210a3de231a236b88d8bd2f87f19f4..f7e237912fb965bd8f98a46e6fd61416087ad0f8 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/conversions.rb
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@ class Time
     :time         => "%H:%M",
     :short        => "%d %b %H:%M",
     :long         => "%B %d, %Y %H:%M",
-    :long_ordinal => lambda { |time| time.strftime("%B #{ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinalize(time.day)}, %Y %H:%M") },
-    :rfc822       => lambda { |time| time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S #{time.formatted_offset(false)}") }
+    :long_ordinal => lambda { |time|
+      day_format = ActiveSupport::Inflector.ordinalize(time.day)
+      time.strftime("%B #{day_format}, %Y %H:%M")
+    },
+    :rfc822       => lambda { |time|
+      offset_format = time.formatted_offset(false)
+      time.strftime("%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S #{offset_format}")
+    }
   }
 
   # Converts to a formatted string. See DATE_FORMATS for builtin formats.
diff --git a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb
index b4ed74a7b023b9a22a23f01ed86c5c78d34ebcd5..e48866abe3dc6f0f47a19cc864d16270e48d94ac 100644
--- a/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb
+++ b/activesupport/lib/active_support/core_ext/time/zones.rb
@@ -51,13 +51,21 @@ def use_zone(time_zone)
 
     # Returns a TimeZone instance or nil, or raises an ArgumentError for invalid timezones.
     def find_zone!(time_zone)
-      return time_zone if time_zone.nil? || time_zone.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone)
-      # lookup timezone based on identifier (unless we've been passed a TZInfo::Timezone)
-      unless time_zone.respond_to?(:period_for_local)
-        time_zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[time_zone] || TZInfo::Timezone.get(time_zone)
+      if !time_zone || time_zone.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone)
+        time_zone
+      else
+        # lookup timezone based on identifier (unless we've been passed a TZInfo::Timezone)
+        unless time_zone.respond_to?(:period_for_local)
+          time_zone = ActiveSupport::TimeZone[time_zone] || TZInfo::Timezone.get(time_zone)
+        end
+
+        # Return if a TimeZone instance, or wrap in a TimeZone instance if a TZInfo::Timezone
+        if time_zone.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone)
+          time_zone
+        else
+          ActiveSupport::TimeZone.create(time_zone.name, nil, time_zone)
+        end
       end
-      # Return if a TimeZone instance, or wrap in a TimeZone instance if a TZInfo::Timezone
-      time_zone.is_a?(ActiveSupport::TimeZone) ? time_zone : ActiveSupport::TimeZone.create(time_zone.name, nil, time_zone)
     rescue TZInfo::InvalidTimezoneIdentifier
       raise ArgumentError, "Invalid Timezone: #{time_zone}"
     end
@@ -80,8 +88,10 @@ def find_zone(time_zone)
   #
   #   Time.utc(2000).in_time_zone('Alaska')  # => Fri, 31 Dec 1999 15:00:00 AKST -09:00
   def in_time_zone(zone = ::Time.zone)
-    return self unless zone
-
-    ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.new(utc? ? self : getutc, ::Time.find_zone!(zone))
+    if zone
+      ActiveSupport::TimeWithZone.new(utc? ? self : getutc, ::Time.find_zone!(zone))
+    else
+      self
+    end
   end
 end