diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb
index eee198e7600a0e106dc3d8d53202be96ca65c1b6..95b6efb4020d9e67c844a4bcf209338c10f6de5c 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/relation/predicate_builder.rb
@@ -29,10 +29,13 @@ def self.build_from_hash(engine, attributes, default_table)
 
             if values.include?(nil)
               values = values.compact
-              if values.empty?
+              case values.length
+              when 0
                 array_predicates << attribute.eq(nil)
+              when 1
+                array_predicates << attribute.eq(values.first).or(attribute.eq(nil))
               else
-                array_predicates << attribute.in(values.compact).or(attribute.eq(nil))
+                array_predicates << attribute.in(values).or(attribute.eq(nil))
               end
             else
               array_predicates << attribute.in(values)