layouts.rb

module AbstractController
  # Layouts reverse the common pattern of including shared headers and footers in many templates to isolate changes in
  # repeated setups. The inclusion pattern has pages that look like this:
  #
  #   <%= render "shared/header" %>
  #   Hello World
  #   <%= render "shared/footer" %>
  #
  # This approach is a decent way of keeping common structures isolated from the changing content, but it's verbose
  # and if you ever want to change the structure of these two includes, you'll have to change all the templates.
  #
  # With layouts, you can flip it around and have the common structure know where to insert changing content. This means
  # that the header and footer are only mentioned in one place, like this:
  #
  #   // The header part of this layout
  #   <%= yield %>
  #   // The footer part of this layout
  #
  # And then you have content pages that look like this:
  #
  #    hello world
  #
  # At rendering time, the content page is computed and then inserted in the layout, like this:
  #
  #   // The header part of this layout
  #   hello world
  #   // The footer part of this layout
  #
  # == Accessing shared variables
  #
  # Layouts have access to variables specified in the content pages and vice versa. This allows you to have layouts with
  # references that won't materialize before rendering time:
  #
  #   <h1><%= @page_title %></h1>
  #   <%= yield %>
  #
  # ...and content pages that fulfill these references _at_ rendering time:
  #
  #    <% @page_title = "Welcome" %>
  #    Off-world colonies offers you a chance to start a new life
  #
  # The result after rendering is:
  #
  #   <h1>Welcome</h1>
  #   Off-world colonies offers you a chance to start a new life
  #
  # == Layout assignment
  #
  # You can either specify a layout declaratively (using the #layout class method) or give
  # it the same name as your controller, and place it in <tt>app/views/layouts</tt>.
  # If a subclass does not have a layout specified, it inherits its layout using normal Ruby inheritance.
  #
  # For instance, if you have PostsController and a template named <tt>app/views/layouts/posts.html.erb</tt>,
  # that template will be used for all actions in PostsController and controllers inheriting
  # from PostsController.
  #
  # If you use a module, for instance Weblog::PostsController, you will need a template named
  # <tt>app/views/layouts/weblog/posts.html.erb</tt>.
  #
  # Since all your controllers inherit from ApplicationController, they will use
  # <tt>app/views/layouts/application.html.erb</tt> if no other layout is specified
  # or provided.
  #
  # == Inheritance Examples
  #
  #   class BankController < ActionController::Base
  #     layout "bank_standard"
  #
  #   class InformationController < BankController
  #
  #   class TellerController < BankController
  #     # teller.html.erb exists
  #
  #   class TillController < TellerController
  #
  #   class VaultController < BankController
  #     layout :access_level_layout
  #
  #   class EmployeeController < BankController
  #     layout nil
  #
  # The InformationController uses "bank_standard" inherited from the BankController, the VaultController overwrites
  # and picks the layout dynamically, and the EmployeeController doesn't want to use a layout at all.
  #
  # The TellerController uses +teller.html.erb+, and TillController inherits that layout and
  # uses it as well.
  #
  # == Types of layouts
  #
  # Layouts are basically just regular templates, but the name of this template needs not be specified statically. Sometimes
  # you want to alternate layouts depending on runtime information, such as whether someone is logged in or not. This can
  # be done either by specifying a method reference as a symbol or using an inline method (as a proc).
  #
  # The method reference is the preferred approach to variable layouts and is used like this:
  #
  #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
  #     layout :writers_and_readers
  #
  #     def index
  #       # fetching posts
  #     end
  #
  #     private
  #       def writers_and_readers
  #         logged_in? ? "writer_layout" : "reader_layout"
  #       end
  #
  # Now when a new request for the index action is processed, the layout will vary depending on whether the person accessing
  # is logged in or not.
  #
  # If you want to use an inline method, such as a proc, do something like this:
  #
  #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
  #     layout proc{ |controller| controller.logged_in? ? "writer_layout" : "reader_layout" }
  #
  # Of course, the most common way of specifying a layout is still just as a plain template name:
  #
  #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
  #     layout "weblog_standard"
  #
  # If no directory is specified for the template name, the template will by default be looked for in <tt>app/views/layouts/</tt>.
  # Otherwise, it will be looked up relative to the template root.
  #
  # == Conditional layouts
  #
  # If you have a layout that by default is applied to all the actions of a controller, you still have the option of rendering
  # a given action or set of actions without a layout, or restricting a layout to only a single action or a set of actions. The
  # <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> options can be passed to the layout call. For example:
  #
  #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
  #     layout "weblog_standard", :except => :rss
  #
  #     # ...
  #
  #   end
  #
  # This will assign "weblog_standard" as the WeblogController's layout  except for the +rss+ action, which will not wrap a layout
  # around the rendered view.
  #
  # Both the <tt>:only</tt> and <tt>:except</tt> condition can accept an arbitrary number of method references, so
  # #<tt>:except => [ :rss, :text_only ]</tt> is valid, as is <tt>:except => :rss</tt>.
  #
  # == Using a different layout in the action render call
  #
  # If most of your actions use the same layout, it makes perfect sense to define a controller-wide layout as described above.
  # Sometimes you'll have exceptions where one action wants to use a different layout than the rest of the controller.
  # You can do this by passing a <tt>:layout</tt> option to the <tt>render</tt> call. For example:
  #
  #   class WeblogController < ActionController::Base
  #     layout "weblog_standard"
  #
  #     def help
  #       render :action => "help", :layout => "help"
  #     end
  #   end
  #
  # This will render the help action with the "help" layout instead of the controller-wide "weblog_standard" layout.
  module Layouts
    extend ActiveSupport::Concern

    include Rendering

    included do
      class_attribute :_layout_conditions
      delegate :_layout_conditions, :to => :'self.class'
      self._layout_conditions = {}
      _write_layout_method
    end

    module ClassMethods
      def inherited(klass)
        super
        klass._write_layout_method
      end

      # This module is mixed in if layout conditions are provided. This means
      # that if no layout conditions are used, this method is not used
      module LayoutConditions
        # Determines whether the current action has a layout by checking the
        # action name against the :only and :except conditions set on the
        # layout.
        #
        # ==== Returns
        # Boolean:: True if the action has a layout, false otherwise.
        def _action_has_layout?
          conditions = _layout_conditions

          if only = conditions[:only]
            only.include?(action_name)
          elsif except = conditions[:except]
            !except.include?(action_name)
          else
            true
          end
        end
      end

      # Specify the layout to use for this class.
      #
      # If the specified layout is a:
      # String:: the String is the template name
      # Symbol:: call the method specified by the symbol, which will return
      #   the template name
      # false::  There is no layout
      # true::   raise an ArgumentError
      #
      # ==== Parameters
      # layout<String, Symbol, false)>:: The layout to use.
      #
      # ==== Options (conditions)
      # :only<#to_s, Array[#to_s]>:: A list of actions to apply this layout to.
      # :except<#to_s, Array[#to_s]>:: Apply this layout to all actions but this one
      def layout(layout, conditions = {})
        include LayoutConditions unless conditions.empty?

        conditions.each {|k, v| conditions[k] = Array(v).map {|a| a.to_s} }
        self._layout_conditions = conditions

        @_layout = layout || false # Converts nil to false
        _write_layout_method
      end

      # If no layout is supplied, look for a template named the return
      # value of this method.
      #
      # ==== Returns
      # String:: A template name
      def _implied_layout_name
        controller_path
      end

      # Takes the specified layout and creates a _layout method to be called
      # by _default_layout
      #
      # If there is no explicit layout specified:
      # If a layout is found in the view paths with the controller's
      # name, return that string. Otherwise, use the superclass'
      # layout (which might also be implied)
      def _write_layout_method
        case defined?(@_layout) ? @_layout : nil
        when String
          self.class_eval %{def _layout(details) #{@_layout.inspect} end}
        when Symbol
          self.class_eval <<-ruby_eval, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
            def _layout(details)
              #{@_layout}.tap do |layout|
                unless layout.is_a?(String) || !layout
                  raise ArgumentError, "Your layout method :#{@_layout} returned \#{layout}. It " \
                    "should have returned a String, false, or nil"
                end
              end
            end
          ruby_eval
        when Proc
          define_method :_layout_from_proc, &@_layout
          self.class_eval %{def _layout(details) _layout_from_proc(self) end}
        when false
          self.class_eval %{def _layout(details) end}
        when true
          raise ArgumentError, "Layouts must be specified as a String, Symbol, false, or nil"
        when nil
          if name
            self.class_eval <<-RUBY, __FILE__, __LINE__ + 1
              def _layout(details)
                if template_exists?("#{_implied_layout_name}", :_prefix => "layouts")
                  "#{_implied_layout_name}"
                else
                  super
                end
              end
            RUBY
          end
        end
        self.class_eval { private :_layout }
      end
    end

    def render_to_body(options = {})
      # In the case of a partial with a layout, handle the layout
      # here, and make sure the view does not try to handle it
      layout = options.delete(:layout) if options.key?(:partial)

      response = super

      # This is a little bit messy. We need to explicitly handle partial
      # layouts here since the core lookup logic is in the view, but
      # we need to determine the layout based on the controller
      #
      # TODO: An easier way to handle this would probably be to override
      # render_template
      if layout
        layout = _layout_for_option(layout, options[:_template].details)
        response = layout.render(view_context, options[:locals] || {}) { response }
      end

      response
    end

  private

    # This will be overwritten by _write_layout_method
    def _layout(details) end

    # Determine the layout for a given name and details.
    #
    # ==== Parameters
    # name<String>:: The name of the template
    # details<Hash{Symbol => Object}>:: A list of details to restrict
    #   the lookup to. By default, layout lookup is limited to the
    #   formats specified for the current request.
    def _layout_for_name(name, details)
      name && _find_layout(name, details)
    end

    # Determine the layout for a given name and details, taking into account
    # the name type.
    #
    # ==== Parameters
    # name<String|TrueClass|FalseClass|Symbol>:: The name of the template
    # details<Hash{Symbol => Object}>:: A list of details to restrict
    #   the lookup to. By default, layout lookup is limited to the
    #   formats specified for the current request.
    def _layout_for_option(name, details)
      case name
      when String     then _layout_for_name(name, details)
      when true       then _default_layout(details, true)
      when :default   then _default_layout(details, false)
      when false, nil then nil
      else
        raise ArgumentError,
          "String, true, or false, expected for `layout'; you passed #{name.inspect}"
      end
    end

    def _determine_template(options)
      super

      return unless (options.keys & [:text, :inline, :partial]).empty? || options.key?(:layout)
      layout = options.key?(:layout) ? options[:layout] : :default
      options[:_layout] = _layout_for_option(layout, options[:_template].details)
    end

    # Take in the name and details and find a Template.
    #
    # ==== Parameters
    # name<String>:: The name of the template to retrieve
    # details<Hash>:: A list of details to restrict the search by. This
    #   might include details like the format or locale of the template.
    #
    # ==== Returns
    # Template:: A template object matching the name and details
    def _find_layout(name, details)
      prefix = details.key?(:prefix) ? details.delete(:prefix) : "layouts"
      # TODO This should happen automatically
      template_lookup.details = template_lookup.details.merge(:formats => details[:formats])
      find_template(name, :_prefix => prefix)
    end

    # Returns the default layout for this controller and a given set of details.
    # Optionally raises an exception if the layout could not be found.
    #
    # ==== Parameters
    # details<Hash>:: A list of details to restrict the search by. This
    #   might include details like the format or locale of the template.
    # require_layout<Boolean>:: If this is true, raise an ArgumentError
    #   with details about the fact that the exception could not be
    #   found (defaults to false)
    #
    # ==== Returns
    # Template:: The template object for the default layout (or nil)
    def _default_layout(details, require_layout = false)
      if require_layout && _action_has_layout? && !_layout(details)
        raise ArgumentError,
          "There was no default layout for #{self.class} in #{view_paths.inspect}"
      end

      begin
        _layout_for_name(_layout(details), details) if _action_has_layout?
      rescue NameError => e
        raise NoMethodError,
          "You specified #{@_layout.inspect} as the layout, but no such method was found"
      end
    end

    def _action_has_layout?
      true
    end
  end
end