提交 e9a79c66 编写于 作者: W wangguibao

Add CTR PREDICTION model serving documentation

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# CTR预估模型
# CTR预估模型
原始模型地址:
## 1. 背景
在搜索、推荐、在线广告等业务场景中,embedding参数的规模常常非常庞大,达到数百GB甚至T级别;训练如此规模的模型需要用到多机分布式训练能力,将参数分片更新和保存;另一方面,训练好的模型,要应用于在线业务,也难以单机加载。Paddle Serving提供大规模稀疏参数读写服务,用户可以方便地将超大规模的稀疏参数以kv形式托管到参数服务,在线预测只需将所需要的参数子集从参数服务读取回来,再执行后续的预测流程。
我们以CTR预估模型为例,演示Paddle Serving中如何使用大规模稀疏参数服务。关于模型细节请参考[原始模型](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/models/tree/v1.5/PaddleRec/ctr)
根据[对数据集的描述](https://www.kaggle.com/c/criteo-display-ad-challenge/data),该模型原始输入为13维integer features和26维categorical features。在我们的模型中,13维integer feature作为dense feature整体feed到一个data layer,而26维categorical features各自作为一个feature分别feed到一个data layer。除此之外,为计算auc指标,还将label作为一个feature输入。
若按缺省训练参数,本模型的embedding dim为100w,size为10,也就是参数矩阵为1000000 x 10的float型矩阵,实际占用内存共1000000 x 10 x sizeof(float) = 39MB;**实际场景中,embedding参数要大的多;因此该demo仅为演示使用**
## 2. 模型裁剪
在写本文档时([v1.5](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/models/tree/v1.5)),训练脚本用PaddlePaddle py_reader加速样例读取速度,program中带有py_reader相关OP,且训练过程中只保存了模型参数,没有保存program,保存的参数没法直接用预测库加载;另外原始网络中最终输出的tensor是auc和batch_auc,而实际模型用于预测时只需要每个样例的predict,需要改掉模型的输出tensor为predict。再有,为了演示稀疏参数服务的使用,我们要有意将embedding layer包含的lookup_table OP从预测program中拿掉,以embedding layer的output variable作为网络的输入,然后再添加对应的feed OP,使得我们能够在预测时从稀疏参数服务获取到embedding向量后,将数据直接feed到各个embedding的output variable。
基于以上几方面考虑,我们需要对原始program进行裁剪。大致过程为:
1) 去掉py_reader相关代码,改为用fluid自带的reader和DataFeed
2) 修改原始网络配置,将predict变量作为fetch target
3) 修改原始网络配置,将26个稀疏参数的embedding layer的output作为feed target,以与后续稀疏参数服务配合使用
4) 修改后的网络,本地train 1个batch后,调用`fluid.io.save_inference_model()`,获得裁剪后的模型program
5) 裁剪后的program,用python再次处理,去掉embedding layer的lookup_table OP。这是因为,当前Paddle Fluid在第4步`save_inference_model()`时没有裁剪干净,还保留了embedding的lookup_table OP;如果这些OP不去除掉,那么embedding的output variable就会有2个输入OP:一个是feed OP(我们要添加的),一个是lookup_table;而lookup_table又没有输入,它的输出会与feed OP的输出互相覆盖,导致错乱
6) 第4步拿到的program,与分布式训练保存的模型参数(除embedding之外)保存到一起,形成完整的预测模型
第1) - 第5)步裁剪完毕后的模型网络配置如下:
![Pruned CTR prediction network](doc/pruned-ctr-network.png)
整个裁剪过程具体说明如下:
### 2.1 网络配置中去除py_reader
Inference program调用ctr_dnn_model()函数时添加`user_py_reader=False`参数。这会在ctr_dnn_model定义中将py_reader相关的代码去掉
修改前:
```python
def train():
args = parse_args()
if not os.path.isdir(args.model_output_dir):
os.mkdir(args.model_output_dir)
loss, auc_var, batch_auc_var, py_reader, _ = ctr_dnn_model(args.embedding_size, args.sparse_feature_dim)
...
```
修改后:
```python
def train():
args = parse_args()
if not os.path.isdir(args.model_output_dir):
os.mkdir(args.model_output_dir)
loss, auc_var, batch_auc_var, py_reader, _ = ctr_dnn_model(args.embedding_size, args.sparse_feature_dim, use_py_reader=False)
...
```
### 2.2 网络配置中修改feed targets和fetch targets
如第2节开头所述,为了使program适合于演示稀疏参数的使用,我们要裁剪program,将`ctr_dnn_model`中feed variable list和fetch variable分别改掉:
1) Inference program中26维稀疏特征的输入改为每个特征的embedding layer的output variable
2) fetch targets中返回的是predict,取代auc_var和batch_auc_var
截至写本文时,原始的网络配置 (network_conf.py中)`ctr_dnn_model`定义如下:
```python
def ctr_dnn_model(embedding_size, sparse_feature_dim, use_py_reader=True):
def embedding_layer(input):
emb = fluid.layers.embedding(
input=input,
is_sparse=True,
# you need to patch https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/pull/14190
# if you want to set is_distributed to True
is_distributed=False,
size=[sparse_feature_dim, embedding_size],
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(name="SparseFeatFactors",
initializer=fluid.initializer.Uniform()))
return fluid.layers.sequence_pool(input=emb, pool_type='average') # 需修改1
dense_input = fluid.layers.data(
name="dense_input", shape=[dense_feature_dim], dtype='float32')
sparse_input_ids = [
fluid.layers.data(name="C" + str(i), shape=[1], lod_level=1, dtype='int64')
for i in range(1, 27)]
label = fluid.layers.data(name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
words = [dense_input] + sparse_input_ids + [label]
py_reader = None
if use_py_reader:
py_reader = fluid.layers.create_py_reader_by_data(capacity=64,
feed_list=words,
name='py_reader',
use_double_buffer=True)
words = fluid.layers.read_file(py_reader)
sparse_embed_seq = list(map(embedding_layer, words[1:-1])) # 需修改2
concated = fluid.layers.concat(sparse_embed_seq + words[0:1], axis=1)
fc1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=concated, size=400, act='relu',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(concated.shape[1]))))
fc2 = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc1, size=400, act='relu',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(fc1.shape[1]))))
fc3 = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc2, size=400, act='relu',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(fc2.shape[1]))))
predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc3, size=2, act='softmax',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(fc3.shape[1]))))
cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=predict, label=words[-1])
avg_cost = fluid.layers.reduce_sum(cost)
accuracy = fluid.layers.accuracy(input=predict, label=words[-1])
auc_var, batch_auc_var, auc_states = \
fluid.layers.auc(input=predict, label=words[-1], num_thresholds=2 ** 12, slide_steps=20)
return avg_cost, auc_var, batch_auc_var, py_reader, words # 需修改3
```
修改后
```python
def ctr_dnn_model(embedding_size, sparse_feature_dim, use_py_reader=True):
def embedding_layer(input):
emb = fluid.layers.embedding(
input=input,
is_sparse=True,
# you need to patch https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/pull/14190
# if you want to set is_distributed to True
is_distributed=False,
size=[sparse_feature_dim, embedding_size],
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(name="SparseFeatFactors",
initializer=fluid.initializer.Uniform()))
seq = fluid.layers.sequence_pool(input=emb, pool_type='average')
return emb, seq # 对应上文修改处1
dense_input = fluid.layers.data(
name="dense_input", shape=[dense_feature_dim], dtype='float32')
sparse_input_ids = [
fluid.layers.data(name="C" + str(i), shape=[1], lod_level=1, dtype='int64')
for i in range(1, 27)]
label = fluid.layers.data(name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
words = [dense_input] + sparse_input_ids + [label]
sparse_embed_and_seq = list(map(embedding_layer, words[1:-1]))
emb_list = [x[0] for x in sparse_embed_and_seq] # 对应上文修改处2
sparse_embed_seq = [x[1] for x in sparse_embed_and_seq]
concated = fluid.layers.concat(sparse_embed_seq + words[0:1], axis=1)
train_feed_vars = words # 对应上文修改处2
inference_feed_vars = emb_list + words[0:1]
fc1 = fluid.layers.fc(input=concated, size=400, act='relu',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(concated.shape[1]))))
fc2 = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc1, size=400, act='relu',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(fc1.shape[1]))))
fc3 = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc2, size=400, act='relu',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(fc2.shape[1]))))
predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=fc3, size=2, act='softmax',
param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(initializer=fluid.initializer.Normal(
scale=1 / math.sqrt(fc3.shape[1]))))
cost = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=predict, label=words[-1])
avg_cost = fluid.layers.reduce_sum(cost)
accuracy = fluid.layers.accuracy(input=predict, label=words[-1])
auc_var, batch_auc_var, auc_states = \
fluid.layers.auc(input=predict, label=words[-1], num_thresholds=2 ** 12, slide_steps=20)
fetch_vars = [predict]
# 对应上文修改处3
return avg_cost, auc_var, batch_auc_var, train_feed_vars, inference_feed_vars, fetch_vars
```
说明:
1) 修改处1,我们将embedding layer的输出变量返回
2) 修改处2,我们将embedding layer的输出变量保存到`emb_list`,后者进一步保存到`inference_feed_vars`,用来将来在`save_inference_model()`时指定feed variable list。
3) 修改处3,我们将`words`变量作为训练时的feed variable list (`train_feed_vars`),将embedding layer的output variable作为infer时的feed variable list (`inference_feed_vars`),将`predict`作为fetch target (`fetch_vars`),分别返回。`inference_feed_vars``fetch_vars`用于`fluid.io.save_inference_model()`时指定feed variable list和fetch target list
### 2.3 fluid.io.save_inference_model()保存裁剪后的program
`fluid.io.save_inference_model()`不仅保存模型参数,还能够根据feed variable list和fetch target list参数,对program进行裁剪,形成适合inference用的program。大致原理是,根据前向网络配置,从fetch target list开始,反向查找其所依赖的OP列表,并将每个OP的输入加入目标variable list,再次递归地反向找到所有依赖OP和variable list。
在2.2节中我们已经拿到所需的`inference_feed_vars``fetch_vars`,接下来只要在训练过程中每次保存模型参数时改为调用`fluid.io.save_inference_model()`
修改前:
```python
def train_loop(args, train_program, py_reader, loss, auc_var, batch_auc_var,
trainer_num, trainer_id):
...省略
for pass_id in range(args.num_passes):
pass_start = time.time()
batch_id = 0
py_reader.start()
try:
while True:
loss_val, auc_val, batch_auc_val = pe.run(fetch_list=[loss.name, auc_var.name, batch_auc_var.name])
loss_val = np.mean(loss_val)
auc_val = np.mean(auc_val)
batch_auc_val = np.mean(batch_auc_val)
logger.info("TRAIN --> pass: {} batch: {} loss: {} auc: {}, batch_auc: {}"
.format(pass_id, batch_id, loss_val/args.batch_size, auc_val, batch_auc_val))
if batch_id % 1000 == 0 and batch_id != 0:
model_dir = args.model_output_dir + '/batch-' + str(batch_id)
if args.trainer_id == 0:
fluid.io.save_persistables(executor=exe, dirname=model_dir,
main_program=fluid.default_main_program())
batch_id += 1
except fluid.core.EOFException:
py_reader.reset()
print("pass_id: %d, pass_time_cost: %f" % (pass_id, time.time() - pass_start))
...省略
```
修改后
```python
def train_loop(args,
train_program,
train_feed_vars,
inference_feed_vars, # 裁剪program用的feed variable list
fetch_vars, # 裁剪program用的fetch variable list
loss,
auc_var,
batch_auc_var,
trainer_num,
trainer_id):
# 因为已经将py_reader去掉,这里用fluid自带的DataFeeder
dataset = reader.CriteoDataset(args.sparse_feature_dim)
train_reader = paddle.batch(
paddle.reader.shuffle(
dataset.train([args.train_data_path], trainer_num, trainer_id),
buf_size=args.batch_size * 100),
batch_size=args.batch_size)
inference_feed_var_names = [var.name for var in inference_feed_vars]
place = fluid.CPUPlace()
exe = fluid.Executor(place)
exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
total_time = 0
pass_id = 0
batch_id = 0
feed_var_names = [var.name for var in feed_vars]
feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(feed_var_names, place)
for data in train_reader():
loss_val, auc_val, batch_auc_val = exe.run(fluid.default_main_program(),
feed = feeder.feed(data),
fetch_list=[loss.name, auc_var.name, batch_auc_var.name])
fluid.io.save_inference_model(model_dir,
inference_feed_var_names,
fetch_vars,
exe,
fluid.default_main_program())
break # 我们只要裁剪后的program,不需要模型参数,因此只train一个batch就停止了
loss_val = np.mean(loss_val)
auc_val = np.mean(auc_val)
batch_auc_val = np.mean(batch_auc_val)
logger.info("TRAIN --> pass: {} batch: {} loss: {} auc: {}, batch_auc: {}"
.format(pass_id, batch_id, loss_val/args.batch_size, auc_val, batch_auc_val))
```
### 2.4 用python再次处理inference program,去除lookup_table OP
这一步是因为`fluid.io.save_inference_model()`裁剪出的program没有将lookup_table OP去除。未来如果`save_inference_model`接口完善,本节可跳过
主要代码:
```python
ef prune_program():
# 从磁盘读入inference program
args = parse_args()
model_dir = args.model_output_dir + "/inference_only"
model_file = model_dir + "/__model__"
with open(model_file, "rb") as f:
protostr = f.read()
f.close()
# 反序列化为protobuf message
proto = framework_pb2.ProgramDesc.FromString(six.binary_type(protostr))
# 遍历所有OP,去除lookup_table
block = proto.blocks[0]
kept_ops = [op for op in block.ops if op.type != "lookup_table"]
del block.ops[:]
block.ops.extend(kept_ops)
# 保存修改后的program
with open(model_file + ".pruned", "wb") as f:
f.write(proto.SerializePartialToString())
f.close()
```
### 2.5 裁剪过程串到一起
我们提供了完整的裁剪CTR预估模型的脚本文件save_program.py,同[CTR分布式训练任务](doc/DISTRIBUTED_TRAINING_AND_SERVING.md)一起发布,可以在trainer和pserver容器的训练脚本目录下找到
## 3. 整个预测计算流程
Client端:
1) Dense feature: 从dataset每条样例读取13个integer features,形成1个dense feature
2) Sparse feature: 从dataset每条样例读取26个categorical feature,分别经过hash(str(feature_index) + feature_string)签名,得到每个feature的id,形成26个sparse feature
Serving端:
1) Dense feature: dense feature共13个float型数字,一起feed到网络dense_input这个variable对应的LodTensor
2) Sparse feature: 26个sparse feature id,分别访问kv服务获取对应的embedding向量,feed到对应的26个embedding layer的output variable。在我们裁剪出来的网络中,这些variable分别对应的变量名为embedding_0.tmp_0, embedding_1.tmp_0, ... embedding_25.tmp_0
3) 执行预测,获取预测结果。
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