Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into cherry-pick/memory

test=develop

benchmark/IntelOptimizedPaddle.md

-# Benchmark
-
-Machine:
-
-- Server: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6148 CPU @ 2.40GHz, 2 Sockets, 20 Cores per socket
-- Laptop: TBD
-
-System: CentOS release 6.3 (Final), Docker 1.12.1.
-
-PaddlePaddle:
-- paddlepaddle/paddle:0.11.0 (for MKLML and MKL-DNN)
-  - MKL-DNN tag v0.11
-  - MKLML 2018.0.1.20171007
-- paddlepaddle/paddle:0.11.0-openblas (for OpenBLAS)
-  - OpenBLAS v0.2.20
-	 
-On each machine, we will test and compare the performance of training on single node using MKL-DNN / MKLML / OpenBLAS respectively.
-
-## Benchmark Model
-
-### Server
-
-#### Training
-Test on batch size 64, 128, 256 on Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6148 CPU @ 2.40GHz
-Pay attetion that the speed below includes forward, backward and parameter update time. So we can not directly compare the data with the benchmark of caffe `time` [command](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/benchmark/caffe/image/run.sh#L9), which only contain forward and backward. The updating time of parameter would become very heavy when the weight size are large, especially on alexnet.
-
-Input image size - 3 * 224 * 224, Time: images/second
-
-- VGG-19
-
-| BatchSize    | 64    | 128  | 256     |
-|--------------|-------| -----| --------|
-| OpenBLAS     | 7.80  | 9.00  | 10.80  | 
-| MKLML        | 12.12 | 13.70 | 16.18  |
-| MKL-DNN      | 28.46 | 29.83 | 30.44  |
-
-<img src="figs/vgg-cpu-train.png" width="500">
-
- - ResNet-50
-
-| BatchSize    | 64    | 128   | 256    |
-|--------------|-------| ------| -------|
-| OpenBLAS     | 25.22 | 25.68 | 27.12  | 
-| MKLML        | 32.52 | 31.89 | 33.12  |
-| MKL-DNN      | 81.69 | 82.35 | 84.08  |
-
-<img src="figs/resnet-cpu-train.png" width="500">
-
- - GoogLeNet
-
-| BatchSize    | 64    | 128   | 256    |
-|--------------|-------| ------| -------|
-| OpenBLAS     | 89.52 | 96.97 | 108.25 | 
-| MKLML        | 128.46| 137.89| 158.63 |
-| MKL-DNN      | 250.46| 264.83| 269.50 |
-
-<img src="figs/googlenet-cpu-train.png" width="500">
-
-- AlexNet
-
-| BatchSize    | 64     | 128    | 256    |
-|--------------|--------| ------ | -------|
-| OpenBLAS     | 45.62  | 72.79  | 107.22 | 
-| MKLML        | 66.37  | 105.60 | 144.04 |
-| MKL-DNN      | 399.00 | 498.94 | 626.53 | 
-
-<img src="figs/alexnet-cpu-train.png" width="500">
-
-#### Inference
-Test on batch size 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 on Intel(R) Xeon(R) Gold 6148 CPU @ 2.40GHz
-- VGG-19
-
-| BatchSize | 1     | 2     | 4     | 8     | 16    |
-|-----------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|
-| OpenBLAS  | 1.10  | 1.96  | 3.62  | 3.63  | 2.25  |
-| MKLML     | 5.58  | 9.80  | 15.15 | 21.21 | 28.67 |
-| MKL-DNN   | 75.07 | 88.64 | 82.58 | 92.29 | 96.75 |
-
-<img src="figs/vgg-cpu-infer.png" width="500">
-
-- ResNet-50
-
-| BatchSize | 1     | 2      | 4      | 8      | 16     |
-|-----------|-------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
-| OpenBLAS  | 3.31  | 6.72   | 11.59  | 13.17  | 9.27   |
-| MKLML     | 6.33  | 12.02  | 22.88  | 40.53  | 63.09  |
-| MKL-DNN   | 107.83| 148.84 | 177.78 | 189.35 | 217.69 |
-
-<img src="figs/resnet-cpu-infer.png" width="500">
-
-- GoogLeNet
-
-| BatchSize | 1      | 2      | 4      | 8      | 16     |
-|-----------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
-| OpenBLAS  | 12.06  | 23.56  | 34.48  | 36.45  | 23.12  |
-| MKLML     | 22.74  | 41.56  | 81.22  | 133.47 | 210.53 |
-| MKL-DNN   | 175.10 | 272.92 | 450.70 | 512.00 | 600.94 |
-
-<img src="figs/googlenet-cpu-infer.png" width="500">
-
-- AlexNet
-
-| BatchSize | 1      | 2      | 4      | 8      | 16     |
-|-----------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
-| OpenBLAS  | 3.53   | 6.23   | 15.04  | 26.06  | 31.62  |
-| MKLML     | 21.32  | 36.55  | 73.06  | 131.15 | 192.77 |
-| MKL-DNN   | 442.91 | 656.41 | 719.10 | 847.68 | 850.51 |
-
-<img src="figs/alexnet-cpu-infer.png" width="500">
-
-### Laptop
-TBD

benchmark/README.md

-# Benchmark
-
-Machine: 
-
-- CPU: 12-core Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2620 v2 @2.10GHz
-- GPU: Tesla K40m
-- cuDNN: v5.1
-- system: Docker 1.12.1, all platforms are tested in docker environment.
-
-Platforms: 
-
-- PaddlePaddle: paddledev/paddle:gpu-devel-v0.9.0a0 
-- Tensorflow: gcr.io/tensorflow/tensorflow:0.11.0rc0-gpu 
-- Caffe: kaixhin/cuda-caffe
-
-Several convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks are used to test.
-
-## Image
-
-### Benchmark Model
-
-AlexNet, GoogleNet and a small network used in Caffe.
-
-- [AlexNet](https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/models/bvlc_alexnet): but the group size is one.
-
-- [GoogleNet](https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/tree/master/models/bvlc_googlenet): but remove loss1 and loss2 when testing benchmark.
-
-- [SmallNet](https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/examples/cifar10/cifar10\_quick\_train\_test.prototxt)
-
-
-### Single-GPU
-
-- AlexNet:  input - 3 * 227 * 227,  Time: ms/batch
-
-| BatchSize    | 64  | 128  | 256   | 512  |
-|--------------|-----| -----| ------| -----|
-| PaddlePaddle | 195 | 334  | 602   | 1629 |
-| TensorFlow   | 223 | 364  | 645   | 1235 |
-| Caffe        | 324 | 627  | 1232  | 2513 |
- 
-**Notation**
-
-All platforms use cuDNN-v5.1. We see that caffe is slower in this experiment, because its workspace limit size of cuDNN-conv interface is 8 * 1024 * 1024, which is smaller in PaddlePaddle and TensorFlow. Note that Caffe will be faster if increasing the workspace limit size.
- 
-- GoogletNet:  input - 3 * 224 * 224, Time: ms/batch
-
-
-| BatchSize    | 64    |   128  | 256     |
-|--------------|-------| -------| --------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 613   | 1149   | 2348    |
-| TensorFlow   | 644   | 1176   | 2219    |
-| Caffe        | 694   | 1364   | out of memory   |
-
-- SmallNet: input - 3 * 32 * 32, Time ms/batch
-
-| BatchSize    | 64     |   128    | 256     | 512     |
-|--------------|--------| -------- | --------|---------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 10.463 | 18.184   | 33.113  |  63.039 |
-| TensorFlow   | 9     | 15       | 28      | 59       |
-| Caffe        | 9.373  | 16.6606  | 31.4797 | 59.719  |
-
-**Notation**
-
-All the single-GPU experiments in caffe use `caffe time` to calculate elapsed time, which does not include parameter updating time. However, both PaddlePaddle and TensorFlow experiments contain the parameter updating time. As compared with the total time, this part is relatively little on single machine, we can ignore it.
-
-In Tensorflow, they implement algorithm searching method instead of using the algorithm searching interface in cuDNN.
-
-### Multi-GPU: 4 GPUs
-
-- AlexNet,  ms / batch
-
-| total-BatchSize | 128 * 4  | 256 * 4    |
-|------------------|----------| -----------|
-| PaddlePaddle     | 347      | 622        |
-| TensorFlow       | 377      | 675        |
-| Caffe            | 1229     | 2435       |
-
-For example, if `total-BatchSize = 128 * 4`, the speedup ratio is calculated by 
-
-```
-  time_at_1gpu_batch_128 * 4 / time_at_4gpu_total_batch_512 
-= (334 * 4)/347 
-= 3.85
-``` 
-
-<img src="figs/alexnet-4gpu.png" width="420">
-
-
-- GoogleNet, ms / batch
-
-| total-BatchSize  | 128 * 4      |  256 * 4    |
-|-------------------|--------------| ----------- |
-| PaddlePaddle      | 1178         | 2367        |
-| TensorFlow        | 1210         | 2292        |
-| Caffe             | 2007         | out of memory  |
-
-<img src="figs/googlenet-4gpu.png" width="420">
-
-
-## RNN
-We use lstm network for text classfication to test benchmark.
-
-### Dataset
--  [IMDB](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lisa/deep/data/imdb.pkl)
-- Sequence length is 100. In fact, PaddlePaddle supports training with variable-length sequence, but TensorFlow needs to pad. Thus, we also pad sequence length to 100 in PaddlePaddle in order to compare.
-- Dictionary size=30000 
-- Peephole connection is used in `lstmemory` by default in PaddlePaddle. It is also configured in TensorFlow.
-
-### Single-GPU
-
-#### LSTM in Text Classification
-
-Testing `2 lstm layer + fc` network with different hidden size and batch size.
-  
-- Batch size = 64, ms / batch
- 
-| hidden_size  | 256   | 512    |  1280   |
-|--------------|-------| -------| --------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 83    | 184    | 641     |
-| TensorFlow   | 175   | 280    | 818     |
-
-- Batch size = 128, ms / batch
- 
-| hidden_size  | 256    | 512    |  1280   |
-|--------------|------- | -------| --------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 110    | 261    | 1007    |
-| TensorFlow   | 181    | 361    | 1237    |
-
-
-- Batch size = 256, ms / batch
- 
-| hidden_size  | 256   | 512    |  1280   |
-|--------------|-------| -------| --------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 170   | 414    | 1655    |
-| TensorFlow   | 238   | 536    | 1905    |
-
-<img src="figs/rnn_lstm_cls.png" width="600">
-
-#### Seq2Seq
-
-The benchmark of sequence-to-sequence network will be added later.
- 
-
-### Multi GPU: 4 GPUs
-
-#### LSTM in Text Classification
-
-- hidden_size = 256, ms / batch
- 
-| batch_size   | 256    |  512    |
-|--------------| -------| --------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 90     | 118     |
-| TensorFlow   | 226    | 118     |
-
-
-- hidden_size = 512, ms / batch
- 
-| batch_size   | 256    |  512    |
-|--------------| -------| --------|
-| PaddlePaddle | 189    | 268     |
-| TensorFlow   | 297    | 383     |
-
-
-<img src="figs/rnn_lstm_4gpus.png" width="420">
-
-#### Seq2Seq
-
-The benchmark of sequence-to-sequence network will be added later.

benchmark/fluid/Dockerfile

@@ -15,9 +15,6 @@ RUN ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.7 /usr/lib/libcudnn.so && ln -s
 RUN pip install -U pip
 RUN pip install -U kubernetes paddlepaddle
 
-RUN sh -c 'echo "import paddle.v2 as paddle\npaddle.dataset.cifar.train10()\npaddle.dataset.flowers.fetch()" | python'
-RUN sh -c 'echo "import paddle.v2 as paddle\npaddle.dataset.mnist.train()\npaddle.dataset.mnist.test()\npaddle.dataset.imdb.fetch()" | python'
-RUN sh -c 'echo "import paddle.v2 as paddle\npaddle.dataset.imikolov.fetch()" | python'
 RUN pip uninstall -y paddlepaddle && mkdir /workspace
 
 ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/PaddlePaddle/cloud/develop/docker/paddle_k8s /usr/bin

benchmark/paddle/image/alexnet.py

-#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-
-height = 227
-width = 227
-num_class = 1000
-batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 128)
-gp = get_config_arg('layer_num', int, 1)
-is_infer = get_config_arg("is_infer", bool, False)
-num_samples = get_config_arg('num_samples', int, 2560)
-
-args = {
-    'height': height,
-    'width': width,
-    'color': True,
-    'num_class': num_class,
-    'is_infer': is_infer,
-    'num_samples': num_samples
-}
-define_py_data_sources2(
-    "train.list" if not is_infer else None,
-    "test.list" if is_infer else None,
-    module="provider",
-    obj="process",
-    args=args)
-
-settings(
-    batch_size=batch_size,
-    learning_rate=0.01 / batch_size,
-    learning_method=MomentumOptimizer(0.9),
-    regularization=L2Regularization(0.0005 * batch_size))
-
-# conv1
-net = data_layer('data', size=height * width * 3)
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net,
-    filter_size=11,
-    num_channels=3,
-    num_filters=96,
-    stride=4,
-    padding=1)
-net = img_cmrnorm_layer(input=net, size=5, scale=0.0001, power=0.75)
-net = img_pool_layer(input=net, pool_size=3, stride=2)
-
-# conv2
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net, filter_size=5, num_filters=256, stride=1, padding=2, groups=gp)
-net = img_cmrnorm_layer(input=net, size=5, scale=0.0001, power=0.75)
-net = img_pool_layer(input=net, pool_size=3, stride=2)
-
-# conv3
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net, filter_size=3, num_filters=384, stride=1, padding=1)
-# conv4
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net, filter_size=3, num_filters=384, stride=1, padding=1, groups=gp)
-
-# conv5
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net, filter_size=3, num_filters=256, stride=1, padding=1, groups=gp)
-net = img_pool_layer(input=net, pool_size=3, stride=2)
-
-net = fc_layer(
-    input=net,
-    size=4096,
-    act=ReluActivation(),
-    layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.5))
-net = fc_layer(
-    input=net,
-    size=4096,
-    act=ReluActivation(),
-    layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.5))
-net = fc_layer(input=net, size=1000, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-
-if is_infer:
-    outputs(net)
-else:
-    lab = data_layer('label', num_class)
-    loss = cross_entropy(input=net, label=lab)
-    outputs(loss)

benchmark/paddle/image/googlenet.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-
-height = 224
-width = 224
-num_class = 1000
-batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 128)
-use_gpu = get_config_arg('use_gpu', bool, True)
-is_infer = get_config_arg("is_infer", bool, False)
-num_samples = get_config_arg('num_samples', int, 2560)
-
-args = {
-    'height': height,
-    'width': width,
-    'color': True,
-    'num_class': num_class,
-    'is_infer': is_infer,
-    'num_samples': num_samples
-}
-define_py_data_sources2(
-    "train.list" if not is_infer else None,
-    "test.list" if is_infer else None,
-    module="provider",
-    obj="process",
-    args=args)
-
-settings(
-    batch_size=batch_size,
-    learning_rate=0.01 / batch_size,
-    learning_method=MomentumOptimizer(0.9),
-    regularization=L2Regularization(0.0005 * batch_size))
-
-conv_projection = conv_projection if use_gpu else img_conv_layer
-
-def inception2(name, input, channels, \
-    filter1,
-    filter3R, filter3,
-    filter5R, filter5,
-    proj):
-
-    conv1 = name + '_1'
-    conv3r = name + '_3r'
-    conv3 = name + '_3'
-    conv5r = name + '_5r'
-    conv5 = name + '_5'
-    maxpool = name + '_max'
-    convproj = name + '_proj'
-
-    cov1 = img_conv_layer(
-        name=conv1,
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=filter1,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-
-    cov3r = img_conv_layer(
-        name=conv3r,
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=filter3R,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-    cov3 = img_conv_layer(
-        name=conv3,
-        input=cov3r,
-        filter_size=3,
-        num_filters=filter3,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=1)
-
-    cov5r = img_conv_layer(
-        name=conv5r,
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=filter5R,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-    cov5 = img_conv_layer(
-        name=conv5,
-        input=cov5r,
-        filter_size=5,
-        num_filters=filter5,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=2)
-
-    pool1 = img_pool_layer(
-        name=maxpool,
-        input=input,
-        pool_size=3,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=1)
-    covprj = img_conv_layer(
-        name=convproj,
-        input=pool1,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_filters=proj,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-
-    cat = concat_layer(name=name, input=[cov1, cov3, cov5, covprj])
-    return cat
-
-def inception(name, input, channels, \
-    filter1,
-    filter3R, filter3,
-    filter5R, filter5,
-    proj):
-
-    cov1 = conv_projection(
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=filter1,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-
-    cov3r = img_conv_layer(
-        name=name + '_3r',
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=filter3R,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-    cov3 = conv_projection(
-        input=cov3r, filter_size=3, num_filters=filter3, stride=1, padding=1)
-
-    cov5r = img_conv_layer(
-        name=name + '_5r',
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=filter5R,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-    cov5 = conv_projection(
-        input=cov5r, filter_size=5, num_filters=filter5, stride=1, padding=2)
-
-    pool1 = img_pool_layer(
-        name=name + '_max',
-        input=input,
-        pool_size=3,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=1)
-    covprj = conv_projection(
-        input=pool1, filter_size=1, num_filters=proj, stride=1, padding=0)
-
-    cat = concat_layer(
-        name=name,
-        input=[cov1, cov3, cov5, covprj],
-        bias_attr=True if use_gpu else False,
-        act=ReluActivation())
-    return cat
-
-
-data = data_layer(name="input", size=3 * height * width)
-
-# stage 1
-conv1 = img_conv_layer(
-    name="conv1",
-    input=data,
-    filter_size=7,
-    num_channels=3,
-    num_filters=64,
-    stride=2,
-    padding=3)
-pool1 = img_pool_layer(
-    name="pool1", input=conv1, pool_size=3, num_channels=64, stride=2)
-
-# stage 2
-conv2_1 = img_conv_layer(
-    name="conv2_1",
-    input=pool1,
-    filter_size=1,
-    num_filters=64,
-    stride=1,
-    padding=0)
-conv2_2 = img_conv_layer(
-    name="conv2_2",
-    input=conv2_1,
-    filter_size=3,
-    num_filters=192,
-    stride=1,
-    padding=1)
-pool2 = img_pool_layer(
-    name="pool2", input=conv2_2, pool_size=3, num_channels=192, stride=2)
-
-# stage 3
-ince3a = inception("ince3a", pool2, 192, 64, 96, 128, 16, 32, 32)
-ince3b = inception("ince3b", ince3a, 256, 128, 128, 192, 32, 96, 64)
-pool3 = img_pool_layer(
-    name="pool3", input=ince3b, num_channels=480, pool_size=3, stride=2)
-
-# stage 4
-ince4a = inception("ince4a", pool3, 480, 192, 96, 208, 16, 48, 64)
-ince4b = inception("ince4b", ince4a, 512, 160, 112, 224, 24, 64, 64)
-ince4c = inception("ince4c", ince4b, 512, 128, 128, 256, 24, 64, 64)
-ince4d = inception("ince4d", ince4c, 512, 112, 144, 288, 32, 64, 64)
-ince4e = inception("ince4e", ince4d, 528, 256, 160, 320, 32, 128, 128)
-pool4 = img_pool_layer(
-    name="pool4", input=ince4e, num_channels=832, pool_size=3, stride=2)
-
-# stage 5
-ince5a = inception("ince5a", pool4, 832, 256, 160, 320, 32, 128, 128)
-ince5b = inception("ince5b", ince5a, 832, 384, 192, 384, 48, 128, 128)
-pool5 = img_pool_layer(
-    name="pool5",
-    input=ince5b,
-    num_channels=1024,
-    pool_size=7,
-    stride=7,
-    pool_type=AvgPooling())
-
-# We remove loss1 and loss2 for all system when testing benchmark
-# output 1
-# pool_o1 = img_pool_layer(name="pool_o1", input=ince4a, num_channels=512, pool_size=5, stride=3, pool_type=AvgPooling())
-# conv_o1 = img_conv_layer(name="conv_o1", input=pool_o1, filter_size=1, num_filters=128, stride=1, padding=0)
-# fc_o1 = fc_layer(name="fc_o1", input=conv_o1, size=1024, layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.7), act=ReluActivation())
-# out1 = fc_layer(name="output1", input=fc_o1,  size=1000, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-# loss1 = cross_entropy(name='loss1', input=out1, label=lab, coeff=0.3) 
-
-# output 2
-#pool_o2 = img_pool_layer(name="pool_o2", input=ince4d, num_channels=528, pool_size=5, stride=3, pool_type=AvgPooling())
-#conv_o2 = img_conv_layer(name="conv_o2", input=pool_o2, filter_size=1, num_filters=128, stride=1, padding=0)
-#fc_o2 = fc_layer(name="fc_o2", input=conv_o2, size=1024, layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.7), act=ReluActivation())
-#out2 = fc_layer(name="output2", input=fc_o2, size=1000, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-#loss2 = cross_entropy(name='loss2', input=out2, label=lab, coeff=0.3) 
-
-# output 3
-dropout = dropout_layer(name="dropout", input=pool5, dropout_rate=0.4)
-out3 = fc_layer(
-    name="output3", input=dropout, size=1000, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-
-if is_infer:
-    outputs(out3)
-else:
-    lab = data_layer(name="label", size=num_class)
-    loss3 = cross_entropy(name='loss3', input=out3, label=lab)
-    outputs(loss3)

benchmark/paddle/image/plotlog.py

-# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import sys
-import argparse
-import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
-
-
-def parse_args():
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser('Parse Log')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '--file_path', '-f', type=str, help='the path of the log file')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '--sample_rate',
-        '-s',
-        type=float,
-        default=1.0,
-        help='the rate to take samples from log')
-    parser.add_argument(
-        '--log_period', '-p', type=int, default=1, help='the period of log')
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    return args
-
-
-def parse_file(file_name):
-    loss = []
-    error = []
-    with open(file_name) as f:
-        for i, line in enumerate(f):
-            line = line.strip()
-            if not line.startswith('pass'):
-                continue
-            line_split = line.split(' ')
-            if len(line_split) != 5:
-                continue
-
-            loss_str = line_split[2][:-1]
-            cur_loss = float(loss_str.split('=')[-1])
-            loss.append(cur_loss)
-
-            err_str = line_split[3][:-1]
-            cur_err = float(err_str.split('=')[-1])
-            error.append(cur_err)
-
-    accuracy = [1.0 - err for err in error]
-
-    return loss, accuracy
-
-
-def sample(metric, sample_rate):
-    interval = int(1.0 / sample_rate)
-    if interval > len(metric):
-        return metric[:1]
-
-    num = len(metric) / interval
-    idx = [interval * i for i in range(num)]
-    metric_sample = [metric[id] for id in idx]
-    return metric_sample
-
-
-def plot_metric(metric,
-                batch_id,
-                graph_title,
-                line_style='b-',
-                line_label='y',
-                line_num=1):
-    plt.figure()
-    plt.title(graph_title)
-    if line_num == 1:
-        plt.plot(batch_id, metric, line_style, label=line_label)
-    else:
-        for i in range(line_num):
-            plt.plot(batch_id, metric[i], line_style[i], label=line_label[i])
-    plt.xlabel('batch')
-    plt.ylabel(graph_title)
-    plt.legend()
-    plt.savefig(graph_title + '.jpg')
-    plt.close()
-
-
-def main():
-    args = parse_args()
-    assert args.sample_rate > 0. and args.sample_rate <= 1.0, "The sample rate should in the range (0, 1]."
-
-    loss, accuracy = parse_file(args.file_path)
-    batch = [args.log_period * i for i in range(len(loss))]
-
-    batch_sample = sample(batch, args.sample_rate)
-    loss_sample = sample(loss, args.sample_rate)
-    accuracy_sample = sample(accuracy, args.sample_rate)
-
-    plot_metric(loss_sample, batch_sample, 'loss', line_label='loss')
-    plot_metric(
-        accuracy_sample,
-        batch_sample,
-        'accuracy',
-        line_style='g-',
-        line_label='accuracy')
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

benchmark/paddle/image/provider.py

-#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import io, os
-import random
-import numpy as np
-from paddle.trainer.PyDataProvider2 import *
-
-
-def initHook(settings, height, width, color, num_class, **kwargs):
-    settings.height = height
-    settings.width = width
-    settings.color = color
-    settings.num_class = num_class
-    if settings.color:
-        settings.data_size = settings.height * settings.width * 3
-    else:
-        settings.data_size = settings.height * settings.width
-    settings.is_infer = kwargs.get('is_infer', False)
-    settings.num_samples = kwargs.get('num_samples', 2560)
-    if settings.is_infer:
-        settings.slots = [dense_vector(settings.data_size)]
-    else:
-        settings.slots = [dense_vector(settings.data_size), integer_value(1)]
-
-
-@provider(
-    init_hook=initHook, min_pool_size=-1, cache=CacheType.CACHE_PASS_IN_MEM)
-def process(settings, file_list):
-    for i in xrange(settings.num_samples):
-        img = np.random.rand(1, settings.data_size).reshape(-1, 1).flatten()
-        if settings.is_infer:
-            yield img.astype('float32')
-        else:
-            lab = random.randint(0, settings.num_class - 1)
-            yield img.astype('float32'), int(lab)

benchmark/paddle/image/resnet.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-
-height = 224
-width = 224
-num_class = 1000
-batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 64)
-layer_num = get_config_arg("layer_num", int, 50)
-is_infer = get_config_arg("is_infer", bool, False)
-num_samples = get_config_arg('num_samples', int, 2560)
-
-args = {
-    'height': height,
-    'width': width,
-    'color': True,
-    'num_class': num_class,
-    'is_infer': is_infer,
-    'num_samples': num_samples
-}
-define_py_data_sources2(
-    "train.list" if not is_infer else None,
-    "test.list" if is_infer else None,
-    module="provider",
-    obj="process",
-    args=args)
-
-settings(
-    batch_size=batch_size,
-    learning_rate=0.01 / batch_size,
-    learning_method=MomentumOptimizer(0.9),
-    regularization=L2Regularization(0.0005 * batch_size))
-
-
-#######################Network Configuration #############
-def conv_bn_layer(name,
-                  input,
-                  filter_size,
-                  num_filters,
-                  stride,
-                  padding,
-                  channels=None,
-                  active_type=ReluActivation()):
-    """
-    A wrapper for conv layer with batch normalization layers.
-    Note:
-    conv layer has no activation.
-    """
-
-    tmp = img_conv_layer(
-        name=name + "_conv",
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=filter_size,
-        num_channels=channels,
-        num_filters=num_filters,
-        stride=stride,
-        padding=padding,
-        act=LinearActivation(),
-        bias_attr=False)
-    return batch_norm_layer(
-        name=name + "_bn",
-        input=tmp,
-        act=active_type,
-        use_global_stats=is_infer)
-
-
-def bottleneck_block(name, input, num_filters1, num_filters2):
-    """
-    A wrapper for bottlenect building block in ResNet.
-    Last conv_bn_layer has no activation.
-    Addto layer has activation of relu.
-    """
-    last_name = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch2a',
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_filters=num_filters1,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0)
-    last_name = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch2b',
-        input=last_name,
-        filter_size=3,
-        num_filters=num_filters1,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=1)
-    last_name = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch2c',
-        input=last_name,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_filters=num_filters2,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0,
-        active_type=LinearActivation())
-
-    return addto_layer(
-        name=name + "_addto", input=[input, last_name], act=ReluActivation())
-
-
-def mid_projection(name, input, num_filters1, num_filters2, stride=2):
-    """
-    A wrapper for middile projection in ResNet.
-    projection shortcuts are used for increasing dimensions,
-    and other shortcuts are identity
-    branch1: projection shortcuts are used for increasing
-    dimensions, has no activation.
-    branch2x: bottleneck building block, shortcuts are identity.
-    """
-    # stride = 2
-    branch1 = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch1',
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_filters=num_filters2,
-        stride=stride,
-        padding=0,
-        active_type=LinearActivation())
-
-    last_name = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch2a',
-        input=input,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_filters=num_filters1,
-        stride=stride,
-        padding=0)
-    last_name = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch2b',
-        input=last_name,
-        filter_size=3,
-        num_filters=num_filters1,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=1)
-
-    last_name = conv_bn_layer(
-        name=name + '_branch2c',
-        input=last_name,
-        filter_size=1,
-        num_filters=num_filters2,
-        stride=1,
-        padding=0,
-        active_type=LinearActivation())
-
-    return addto_layer(
-        name=name + "_addto", input=[branch1, last_name], act=ReluActivation())
-
-
-img = data_layer(name='image', size=height * width * 3)
-
-
-def deep_res_net(res2_num=3, res3_num=4, res4_num=6, res5_num=3):
-    """
-    A wrapper for 50,101,152 layers of ResNet.
-    res2_num: number of blocks stacked in conv2_x
-    res3_num: number of blocks stacked in conv3_x
-    res4_num: number of blocks stacked in conv4_x
-    res5_num: number of blocks stacked in conv5_x
-    """
-    # For ImageNet
-    # conv1: 112x112
-    tmp = conv_bn_layer(
-        "conv1",
-        input=img,
-        filter_size=7,
-        channels=3,
-        num_filters=64,
-        stride=2,
-        padding=3)
-    tmp = img_pool_layer(name="pool1", input=tmp, pool_size=3, stride=2)
-
-    # conv2_x: 56x56
-    tmp = mid_projection(
-        name="res2_1", input=tmp, num_filters1=64, num_filters2=256, stride=1)
-    for i in xrange(2, res2_num + 1, 1):
-        tmp = bottleneck_block(
-            name="res2_" + str(i), input=tmp, num_filters1=64, num_filters2=256)
-
-    # conv3_x: 28x28
-    tmp = mid_projection(
-        name="res3_1", input=tmp, num_filters1=128, num_filters2=512)
-    for i in xrange(2, res3_num + 1, 1):
-        tmp = bottleneck_block(
-            name="res3_" + str(i),
-            input=tmp,
-            num_filters1=128,
-            num_filters2=512)
-
-    # conv4_x: 14x14
-    tmp = mid_projection(
-        name="res4_1", input=tmp, num_filters1=256, num_filters2=1024)
-    for i in xrange(2, res4_num + 1, 1):
-        tmp = bottleneck_block(
-            name="res4_" + str(i),
-            input=tmp,
-            num_filters1=256,
-            num_filters2=1024)
-
-    # conv5_x: 7x7
-    tmp = mid_projection(
-        name="res5_1", input=tmp, num_filters1=512, num_filters2=2048)
-    for i in xrange(2, res5_num + 1, 1):
-        tmp = bottleneck_block(
-            name="res5_" + str(i),
-            input=tmp,
-            num_filters1=512,
-            num_filters2=2048)
-
-    tmp = img_pool_layer(
-        name='avgpool',
-        input=tmp,
-        pool_size=7,
-        stride=1,
-        pool_type=AvgPooling())
-
-    return fc_layer(input=tmp, size=num_class, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-
-
-if layer_num == 50:
-    resnet = deep_res_net(3, 4, 6, 3)
-elif layer_num == 101:
-    resnet = deep_res_net(3, 4, 23, 3)
-elif layer_num == 152:
-    resnet = deep_res_net(3, 8, 36, 3)
-else:
-    print("Wrong layer number.")
-
-if is_infer:
-    outputs(resnet)
-else:
-    lbl = data_layer(name="label", size=num_class)
-    loss = cross_entropy(name='loss', input=resnet, label=lbl)
-    outputs(loss)

benchmark/paddle/image/run.sh

-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-function train() {
-  cfg=$1
-  thread=$2
-  bz=$3
-  args="batch_size=$3"
-  prefix=$4
-  paddle train --job=time \
-    --config=$cfg \
-    --use_gpu=True \
-    --trainer_count=$thread \
-    --log_period=10 \
-    --test_period=100 \
-    --config_args=$args \
-    > logs/$prefix-${thread}gpu-$bz.log 2>&1 
-}
-
-if [ ! -d "train.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > train.list
-fi
-if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
-  mkdir logs
-fi
-
-#========single-gpu=========#
-# alexnet
-train alexnet.py 1 64 alexnet
-train alexnet.py 1 128 alexnet
-train alexnet.py 1 256 alexnet
-train alexnet.py 1 512 alexnet
-
-# googlenet
-train googlenet.py 1 64 googlenet
-train googlenet.py 1 128 googlenet
-train googlenet.py 1 256 googlenet
-
-# smallnet
-train smallnet_mnist_cifar.py 1 64 smallnet
-train smallnet_mnist_cifar.py 1 128 smallnet
-train smallnet_mnist_cifar.py 1 256 smallnet
-train smallnet_mnist_cifar.py 1 512 smallnet
-
-
-############################
-#========multi-gpus=========#
-train alexnet.py 4 512 alexnet
-train alexnet.py 4 1024 alexnet
-
-train googlenet.py 4 512 googlenet 
-train googlenet.py 4 1024 googlenet

benchmark/paddle/image/run_mkl_infer.sh

-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-function clock_to_seconds() {
-  hours=`echo $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $1}'`
-  mins=`echo $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $2}'`
-  secs=`echo $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $3}'`
-  echo `awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.2f",('$secs' + '$mins' * 60 + '$hours' * 3600)}'`
-}
-
-function infer() {
-  unset OMP_NUM_THREADS MKL_NUM_THREADS OMP_DYNAMIC KMP_AFFINITY
-  topology=$1
-  layer_num=$2
-  bs=$3
-  use_mkldnn=$4
-  if [ $4 == "True" ]; then
-    thread=1
-    log="logs/infer-${topology}-${layer_num}-mkldnn-${bs}.log"
-  elif [ $4 == "False" ]; then
-    thread=`nproc`
-    if [ $thread -gt $bs ]; then
-      thread=$bs
-    fi
-    log="logs/infer-${topology}-${layer_num}-${thread}mklml-${bs}.log"
-  else
-    echo "Wrong input $4, use True or False."
-    exit 0
-  fi
-
-  models_in="models/${topology}-${layer_num}/pass-00000/"
-  if [ ! -d $models_in ]; then
-    echo "Training model ${topology}_${layer_num}"
-    paddle train --job=train \
-      --config="${topology}.py" \
-      --use_mkldnn=True \
-      --use_gpu=False \
-      --trainer_count=1 \
-      --num_passes=1 \
-      --save_dir="models/${topology}-${layer_num}" \
-      --config_args="batch_size=128,layer_num=${layer_num},num_samples=256" \
-      > /dev/null 2>&1
-    echo "Done"
-  fi
-  log_period=$((256 / bs))
-  paddle train --job=test \
-    --config="${topology}.py" \
-    --use_mkldnn=$use_mkldnn \
-    --use_gpu=False \
-    --trainer_count=$thread \
-    --log_period=$log_period \
-    --config_args="batch_size=${bs},layer_num=${layer_num},is_infer=True" \
-    --init_model_path=$models_in \
-    2>&1 | tee ${log}
-
-  # calculate the last 5 logs period time of 1280 samples,
-  # the time before are burning time.
-  start=`tail ${log} -n 7 | head -n 1 | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}' | xargs`
-  end=`tail ${log} -n 2 | head -n 1 | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}' | xargs`
-  start_sec=`clock_to_seconds $start`
-  end_sec=`clock_to_seconds $end`
-  fps=`awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.2f",(1280 / ('$end_sec' - '$start_sec'))}'`
-  echo "Last 1280 samples start: ${start}(${start_sec} sec), end: ${end}(${end_sec} sec;" >> ${log}
-  echo "FPS: $fps images/sec" 2>&1 | tee -a ${log}
-}
-
-if [ ! -f "train.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > train.list
-fi
-if [ ! -f "test.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > test.list
-fi
-if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
-  mkdir logs
-fi
-if [ ! -d "models" ]; then
-  mkdir -p models
-fi
-
-# inference benchmark
-for use_mkldnn in True False; do
-  for batchsize in 1 2 4 8 16; do
-    infer vgg 19 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-    infer resnet 50 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-    infer googlenet v1 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-    infer alexnet 2 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-  done
-done

benchmark/paddle/image/run_mkl_train.sh

-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-function train() {
-  unset OMP_NUM_THREADS MKL_NUM_THREADS OMP_DYNAMIC KMP_AFFINITY
-  topology=$1
-  layer_num=$2
-  bs=$3
-  use_mkldnn=$4
-  if [ $4 == "True" ]; then
-    thread=1
-    log="logs/train-${topology}-${layer_num}-mkldnn-${bs}.log"
-  elif [ $4 == "False" ]; then
-    thread=`nproc`
-    # each trainer_count use only 1 core to avoid conflict
-    log="logs/train-${topology}-${layer_num}-${thread}mklml-${bs}.log"
-  else
-    echo "Wrong input $4, use True or False."
-    exit 0
-  fi
-  args="batch_size=${bs},layer_num=${layer_num}"
-  config="${topology}.py"
-  paddle train --job=time \
-    --config=$config \
-    --use_mkldnn=$use_mkldnn \
-    --use_gpu=False \
-    --trainer_count=$thread \
-    --log_period=10 \
-    --test_period=100 \
-    --config_args=$args \
-    2>&1 | tee ${log} 
-
-  avg_time=`tail ${log} -n 1 | awk -F ' ' '{print $8}' | sed 's/avg=//'`
-  fps=`awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.2f",('$bs' / '$avg_time' * 1000)}'`
-  echo "FPS: $fps images/sec" 2>&1 | tee -a ${log}
-}
-
-if [ ! -f "train.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > train.list
-fi
-if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
-  mkdir logs
-fi
-
-# training benchmark
-for use_mkldnn in True False; do
-  for batchsize in 64 128 256; do
-    train vgg 19 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-    train resnet 50 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-    train googlenet v1 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-    train alexnet 2 $batchsize $use_mkldnn
-  done
-done

benchmark/paddle/image/run_openblas_infer.sh

-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-function clock_to_seconds() {
-  hours=`echo $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $1}'`
-  mins=`echo $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $2}'`
-  secs=`echo $1 | awk -F ':' '{print $3}'`
-  echo `awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.2f",('$secs' + '$mins' * 60 + '$hours' * 3600)}'`
-}
-
-function infer() {
-  export OPENBLAS_MAIN_FREE=1
-  topology=$1
-  layer_num=$2
-  bs=$3
-  trainers=`nproc`
-  if [ $trainers -gt $bs ]; then
-    trainers=$bs
-  fi
-  log="logs/infer-${topology}-${layer_num}-${trainers}openblas-${bs}.log"
-  threads=$((`nproc` / trainers))
-  if [ $threads -eq 0 ]; then
-    threads=1
-  fi
-  export OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS=$threads
-
-  models_in="models/${topology}-${layer_num}/pass-00000/"
-  if [ ! -d $models_in ]; then
-    echo "./run_mkl_infer.sh to save the model first"
-    exit 0
-  fi
-  log_period=$((32 / bs))
-  paddle train --job=test \
-    --config="${topology}.py" \
-    --use_mkldnn=False \
-    --use_gpu=False \
-    --trainer_count=$trainers \
-    --log_period=$log_period \
-    --config_args="batch_size=${bs},layer_num=${layer_num},is_infer=True,num_samples=256" \
-    --init_model_path=$models_in \
-    2>&1 | tee ${log}
-
-  # calculate the last 5 logs period time of 160(=32*5) samples,
-  # the time before are burning time.
-  start=`tail ${log} -n 7 | head -n 1 | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}' | xargs`
-  end=`tail ${log} -n 2 | head -n 1 | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}' | xargs`
-  start_sec=`clock_to_seconds $start`
-  end_sec=`clock_to_seconds $end`
-  fps=`awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.2f",(160 / ('$end_sec' - '$start_sec'))}'`
-  echo "Last 160 samples start: ${start}(${start_sec} sec), end: ${end}(${end_sec} sec;" >> ${log}
-  echo "FPS: $fps images/sec" 2>&1 | tee -a ${log}
-}
-
-if [ ! -f "train.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > train.list
-fi
-if [ ! -f "test.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > test.list
-fi
-if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
-  mkdir logs
-fi
-
-# inference benchmark
-for batchsize in 1 2 4 8 16; do
-  infer vgg 19 $batchsize
-  infer resnet 50 $batchsize 
-  infer googlenet v1 $batchsize
-  infer alexnet 2 $batchsize
-done

benchmark/paddle/image/run_openblas_train.sh

-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-function train() {
-  export OPENBLAS_NUM_THREADS=1
-  topology=$1
-  layer_num=$2
-  bs=$3
-  thread=`nproc`
-  # each trainer_count use only 1 core to avoid conflict
-  log="logs/train-${topology}-${layer_num}-${thread}openblas-${bs}.log"
-  args="batch_size=${bs},layer_num=${layer_num}"
-  config="${topology}.py"
-  paddle train --job=time \
-    --config=$config \
-    --use_mkldnn=False \
-    --use_gpu=False \
-    --trainer_count=$thread \
-    --log_period=3 \
-    --test_period=30 \
-    --config_args=$args \
-    2>&1 | tee ${log} 
-
-  avg_time=`tail ${log} -n 1 | awk -F ' ' '{print $8}' | sed 's/avg=//'`
-  fps=`awk 'BEGIN{printf "%.2f",('$bs' / '$avg_time' * 1000)}'`
-  echo "FPS: $fps images/sec" 2>&1 | tee -a ${log}
-}
-
-if [ ! -f "train.list" ]; then
-  echo " " > train.list
-fi
-if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
-  mkdir logs
-fi
-
-# training benchmark
-for batchsize in 64 128 256; do
-  train vgg 19 $batchsize
-  train resnet 50 $batchsize
-  train googlenet v1 $batchsize
-  train alexnet 2 $batchsize
-done

benchmark/paddle/image/smallnet_mnist_cifar.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-
-height = 32
-width = 32
-num_class = 10
-
-batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 128)
-
-args = {'height': height, 'width': width, 'color': True, 'num_class': num_class}
-define_py_data_sources2(
-    "train.list", None, module="provider", obj="process", args=args)
-
-settings(
-    batch_size=batch_size,
-    learning_rate=0.01 / batch_size,
-    learning_method=MomentumOptimizer(0.9),
-    regularization=L2Regularization(0.0005 * batch_size))
-
-# conv1
-net = data_layer('data', size=height * width * 3)
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net,
-    filter_size=5,
-    num_channels=3,
-    num_filters=32,
-    stride=1,
-    padding=2)
-net = img_pool_layer(input=net, pool_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
-
-# conv2
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net, filter_size=5, num_filters=32, stride=1, padding=2)
-net = img_pool_layer(
-    input=net, pool_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, pool_type=AvgPooling())
-
-# conv3
-net = img_conv_layer(
-    input=net, filter_size=3, num_filters=64, stride=1, padding=1)
-net = img_pool_layer(
-    input=net, pool_size=3, stride=2, padding=1, pool_type=AvgPooling())
-
-net = fc_layer(input=net, size=64, act=ReluActivation())
-net = fc_layer(input=net, size=10, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-
-lab = data_layer('label', num_class)
-loss = classification_cost(input=net, label=lab)
-outputs(loss)

benchmark/paddle/image/vgg.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-
-height = 224
-width = 224
-num_class = 1000
-batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 64)
-layer_num = get_config_arg('layer_num', int, 19)
-is_infer = get_config_arg("is_infer", bool, False)
-num_samples = get_config_arg('num_samples', int, 2560)
-
-args = {
-    'height': height,
-    'width': width,
-    'color': True,
-    'num_class': num_class,
-    'is_infer': is_infer,
-    'num_samples': num_samples
-}
-define_py_data_sources2(
-    "train.list" if not is_infer else None,
-    "test.list" if is_infer else None,
-    module="provider",
-    obj="process",
-    args=args)
-
-settings(
-    batch_size=batch_size,
-    learning_rate=0.001 / batch_size,
-    learning_method=MomentumOptimizer(0.9),
-    regularization=L2Regularization(0.0005 * batch_size))
-
-img = data_layer(name='image', size=height * width * 3)
-
-
-def vgg_network(vgg_num=3):
-    tmp = img_conv_group(
-        input=img,
-        num_channels=3,
-        conv_padding=1,
-        conv_num_filter=[64, 64],
-        conv_filter_size=3,
-        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
-        pool_size=2,
-        pool_stride=2,
-        pool_type=MaxPooling())
-
-    tmp = img_conv_group(
-        input=tmp,
-        conv_num_filter=[128, 128],
-        conv_padding=1,
-        conv_filter_size=3,
-        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
-        pool_stride=2,
-        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
-        pool_size=2)
-
-    channels = []
-    for i in range(vgg_num):
-        channels.append(256)
-    tmp = img_conv_group(
-        input=tmp,
-        conv_num_filter=channels,
-        conv_padding=1,
-        conv_filter_size=3,
-        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
-        pool_stride=2,
-        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
-        pool_size=2)
-    channels = []
-    for i in range(vgg_num):
-        channels.append(512)
-    tmp = img_conv_group(
-        input=tmp,
-        conv_num_filter=channels,
-        conv_padding=1,
-        conv_filter_size=3,
-        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
-        pool_stride=2,
-        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
-        pool_size=2)
-    tmp = img_conv_group(
-        input=tmp,
-        conv_num_filter=channels,
-        conv_padding=1,
-        conv_filter_size=3,
-        conv_act=ReluActivation(),
-        pool_stride=2,
-        pool_type=MaxPooling(),
-        pool_size=2)
-
-    tmp = fc_layer(
-        input=tmp,
-        size=4096,
-        act=ReluActivation(),
-        layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.5))
-
-    tmp = fc_layer(
-        input=tmp,
-        size=4096,
-        act=ReluActivation(),
-        layer_attr=ExtraAttr(drop_rate=0.5))
-
-    return fc_layer(input=tmp, size=num_class, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-
-
-if layer_num == 16:
-    vgg = vgg_network(3)
-elif layer_num == 19:
-    vgg = vgg_network(4)
-else:
-    print("Wrong layer number.")
-
-if is_infer:
-    outputs(vgg)
-else:
-    lab = data_layer('label', num_class)
-    loss = cross_entropy(input=vgg, label=lab)
-    outputs(loss)

benchmark/paddle/rnn/provider.py

-#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import io, os
-import random
-import numpy as np
-import six.moves.cPickle as pickle
-from paddle.trainer.PyDataProvider2 import *
-
-
-def remove_unk(x, n_words):
-    return [[1 if w >= n_words else w for w in sen] for sen in x]
-
-
-# ==============================================================
-#  tensorflow uses fixed length, but PaddlePaddle can process
-#  variable-length. Padding is used in benchmark in order to
-#  compare with other platform. 
-# ==============================================================
-def pad_sequences(sequences,
-                  maxlen=None,
-                  dtype='int32',
-                  padding='post',
-                  truncating='post',
-                  value=0.):
-    lengths = [len(s) for s in sequences]
-
-    nb_samples = len(sequences)
-    if maxlen is None:
-        maxlen = np.max(lengths)
-
-    x = (np.ones((nb_samples, maxlen)) * value).astype(dtype)
-    for idx, s in enumerate(sequences):
-        if len(s) == 0:
-            continue  # empty list was found
-        if truncating == 'pre':
-            trunc = s[-maxlen:]
-        elif truncating == 'post':
-            trunc = s[:maxlen]
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Truncating type '%s' not understood" % padding)
-
-        if padding == 'post':
-            x[idx, :len(trunc)] = trunc
-        elif padding == 'pre':
-            x[idx, -len(trunc):] = trunc
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Padding type '%s' not understood" % padding)
-    return x
-
-
-def initHook(settings, vocab_size, pad_seq, maxlen, **kwargs):
-    settings.vocab_size = vocab_size
-    settings.pad_seq = pad_seq
-    settings.maxlen = maxlen
-    settings.input_types = [
-        integer_value_sequence(vocab_size), integer_value(2)
-    ]
-
-
-@provider(
-    init_hook=initHook, min_pool_size=-1, cache=CacheType.CACHE_PASS_IN_MEM)
-def process(settings, file):
-    f = open(file, 'rb')
-    train_set = pickle.load(f)
-    f.close()
-    x, y = train_set
-
-    # remove unk, namely remove the words out of dictionary
-    x = remove_unk(x, settings.vocab_size)
-    if settings.pad_seq:
-        x = pad_sequences(x, maxlen=settings.maxlen, value=0.)
-
-    for i in range(len(y)):
-        yield map(int, x[i]), int(y[i])

benchmark/paddle/rnn/rnn.py

-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-import imdb
-
-num_class = 2
-vocab_size = 30000
-fixedlen = 100
-batch_size = get_config_arg('batch_size', int, 128)
-lstm_num = get_config_arg('lstm_num', int, 1)
-hidden_size = get_config_arg('hidden_size', int, 128)
-# whether to pad sequence into fixed length
-pad_seq = get_config_arg('pad_seq', bool, True)
-imdb.create_data('imdb.pkl')
-
-args = {'vocab_size': vocab_size, 'pad_seq': pad_seq, 'maxlen': fixedlen}
-define_py_data_sources2(
-    "train.list", None, module="provider", obj="process", args=args)
-
-settings(
-    batch_size=batch_size,
-    learning_rate=2e-3,
-    learning_method=AdamOptimizer(),
-    regularization=L2Regularization(8e-4),
-    gradient_clipping_threshold=25)
-
-net = data_layer('data', size=vocab_size)
-net = embedding_layer(input=net, size=128)
-
-for i in xrange(lstm_num):
-    net = simple_lstm(input=net, size=hidden_size)
-
-net = last_seq(input=net)
-net = fc_layer(input=net, size=2, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-
-lab = data_layer('label', num_class)
-loss = classification_cost(input=net, label=lab)
-outputs(loss)

benchmark/paddle/rnn/run.sh

-#!/bin/bash
-
-set -e
-
-function train() {
-  cfg=$1
-  thread=$2
-  args="lstm_num=${3},seq_pad=${4},hidden_size=${5},batch_size=${6}"
-  paddle train --job=time \
-    --config=$cfg \
-    --use_gpu=1 \
-    --trainer_count=$thread \
-    --log_period=10 \
-    --test_period=100 \
-    --num_passes=1 \
-    --feed_data=1 \
-    --config_args=$args \
-    >logs/rnn-pad${4}-${thread}gpu-lstm${3}-batch${6}-hid${5}.log 2>&1
-}
-
-if [ ! -d "logs" ]; then
-  mkdir logs
-fi
-
-## padding, single gpu
-#-----config--gpu--lstm_num--padding--hidden_size--batch_size
-## lstm_num=2, batch_size=64
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 256 64 
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 512 64 
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 1280 64 
-
-## lstm_num=2, batch_size=128
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 256 128 
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 512 128 
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 1280 128 
-
-## lstm_num=4, batch_size=256
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 256 256 
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 512 256 
-train rnn.py 1 2 1 1280 256 
-
-
-#==================multi gpus=====================#
-# hidden_size=256, lstm_num=2, different batch size
-train rnn.py 4 2 1 256 128 
-train rnn.py 4 2 1 256 256 
-train rnn.py 4 2 1 256 512 
-
-# hidden_size=512, lstm_num=4, different batch size
-train rnn.py 4 2 1 512 128 
-train rnn.py 4 2 1 512 256 
-train rnn.py 4 2 1 512 512 

benchmark/tensorflow/machine_translation.py

@@ -35,8 +35,6 @@ import os
 import argparse
 import time
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-
 parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__)
 parser.add_argument(
     "--embedding_dim",

benchmark/tensorflow/mnist.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import time
 import numpy as np
 
 import tensorflow as tf
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
 
 DTYPE = tf.float32
 

benchmark/tensorflow/resnet.py

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import argparse
 import time
 import numpy as np
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
 import tensorflow as tf
 
 DTYPE = tf.float32

benchmark/tensorflow/stacked_dynamic_lstm.py

@@ -21,8 +21,6 @@ import argparse
 import time
 import tensorflow as tf
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-
 
 def parse_args():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser("LSTM model benchmark.")

benchmark/tensorflow/vgg.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 """VGG16 benchmark in TensorFlow"""
 import tensorflow as tf
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
 import numpy as np
 import argparse
 import time

paddle/fluid/framework/async_executor.cc

@@ -244,6 +244,7 @@ void AsyncExecutor::RunFromFile(const ProgramDesc& main_program,
   auto& block = main_program.Block(0);
   for (auto var_name : fetch_var_names) {
     auto var_desc = block.FindVar(var_name);
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var_desc, "%s is not found.", var_name);
     auto shapes = var_desc->GetShape();
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(shapes[shapes.size() - 1] == 1,
                    "var %s: Fetched var has wrong shape, "

paddle/fluid/framework/details/fused_broadcast_op_handle_test.cc

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ struct TestFusedBroadcastOpHandle : TestBroadcastOpHandle {
            ->Var(details::kLocalExecScopeName)
            ->GetMutable<Scope*>() = &local_scope;
       for (size_t j = 0; j < input_scope_idxes.size(); ++j) {
-        local_scope.Var("out_var" + j);
-        if (i == j) local_scope.Var("in_var" + j);
+        local_scope.Var("out_var" + std::to_string(j));
+        if (i == j) local_scope.Var("in_var" + std::to_string(j));
       }
       param_scopes_.emplace_back(&local_scope);
     }
@@ -62,20 +62,21 @@ struct TestFusedBroadcastOpHandle : TestBroadcastOpHandle {
 
     for (size_t i = 0; i < input_scope_idxes.size(); ++i) {
       // add input var handle
-      nodes_.emplace_back(
-          ir::CreateNodeForTest("in_node" + i, ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
-      VarHandle* in_var_handle =
-          new VarHandle(nodes_.back().get(), 1, input_scope_idxes[i],
-                        "in_var" + i, place_list_[input_scope_idxes[i]]);
+      nodes_.emplace_back(ir::CreateNodeForTest("in_node" + std::to_string(i),
+                                                ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
+      VarHandle* in_var_handle = new VarHandle(
+          nodes_.back().get(), 1, input_scope_idxes[i],
+          "in_var" + std::to_string(i), place_list_[input_scope_idxes[i]]);
       vars_.emplace_back(in_var_handle);
       op_handle_->AddInput(in_var_handle);
 
       // add output var handle
       for (size_t j = 0; j < place_list_.size(); ++j) {
-        nodes_.emplace_back(
-            ir::CreateNodeForTest("out_node" + i, ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
-        VarHandle* out_var_handle = new VarHandle(
-            nodes_.back().get(), 2, j, "out_var" + i, place_list_[j]);
+        nodes_.emplace_back(ir::CreateNodeForTest(
+            "out_node" + std::to_string(i), ir::Node::Type::kVariable));
+        VarHandle* out_var_handle =
+            new VarHandle(nodes_.back().get(), 2, j,
+                          "out_var" + std::to_string(i), place_list_[j]);
         vars_.emplace_back(out_var_handle);
         op_handle_->AddOutput(out_var_handle);
       }
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ struct TestFusedBroadcastOpHandle : TestBroadcastOpHandle {
     std::vector<std::vector<float>> send_vec;
     f::LoD lod{{0, 10, 20}};
     for (size_t i = 0; i < input_scope_idxes.size(); ++i) {
-      const std::string varname("in_var" + i);
+      const std::string varname("in_var" + std::to_string(i));
       float val_scalar = static_cast<float>(i);
       send_vec.push_back(
           InitLoDTensor(varname, input_scope_idxes[i], lod, val_scalar));
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ struct TestFusedBroadcastOpHandle : TestBroadcastOpHandle {
 
     WaitAll();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < input_scope_idxes.size(); ++i) {
-      const std::string& varname("out_var" + i);
+      const std::string& varname("out_var" + std::to_string(i));
       for (size_t j = 0; j < place_list_.size(); ++j) {
         LoDTensorEqual(varname, send_vec[i], lod, param_scopes_[j]);
       }
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ struct TestFusedBroadcastOpHandle : TestBroadcastOpHandle {
                               2, 4, 6, 3, 1, 1, 1,  1, 3, 7};
     int height = static_cast<int>(kDims[0] * 2);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < input_scope_idxes.size(); ++i) {
-      const std::string varname("in_var" + i);
+      const std::string varname("in_var" + std::to_string(i));
       float val_scalar = static_cast<float>(i);
       send_vector.push_back(InitSelectedRows(varname, input_scope_idxes[i],
                                              rows, height, val_scalar));
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ struct TestFusedBroadcastOpHandle : TestBroadcastOpHandle {
 
     WaitAll();
     for (size_t i = 0; i < input_scope_idxes.size(); ++i) {
-      const std::string& varname("out_var" + i);
+      const std::string& varname("out_var" + std::to_string(i));
       for (size_t j = 0; j < place_list_.size(); ++j) {
         SelectedRowsEqual(varname, input_scope_idxes[i], send_vector[i], rows,
                           height);

paddle/fluid/framework/feed_fetch_method.cc

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ LoDTensor& GetFetchVariable(const Scope& scope, const std::string& var_name,
   // Since we want to fetch LodTensor from a variable, the variable must
   // be created alreadly.
   Variable* g_fetch_value = scope.FindVar(var_name);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(g_fetch_value, "%s is not found.", var_name);
   PADDLE_ENFORCE(g_fetch_value->IsType<FeedFetchList>(),
                  "Only %s can be invoked by GetFetchVariable",
                  typeid(FeedFetchList).name());

paddle/fluid/framework/ir/infer_clean_graph_pass.cc

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class InferCleanGraphPass : public FusePassBase {
     std::unordered_set<const Node*> invalid_nodes;
     int valid_op = 0;
     for (auto* node : graph->Nodes()) {
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(node);
       if (is_valid_node(node)) {
         invalid_nodes.insert(node);
       } else if (node->IsOp()) {

paddle/fluid/framework/ir/seqpool_concat_fuse_pass_tester.cc

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ ProgramDesc BuildProgramDesc(int num_inputs_of_concat) {
   };
   std::vector<std::string> concat_inputs;
   for (int i = 0; i < num_inputs_of_concat; ++i) {
-    std::string prefix = "seqpool_op_" + i;
+    std::string prefix = "seqpool_op_" + std::to_string(i);
     new_var(prefix + "in");
     new_var(prefix + "out");
     new_var(prefix + "out_unused");

paddle/fluid/framework/operator.cc

@@ -989,11 +989,14 @@ void OperatorWithKernel::TransferInplaceVarsBack(
     const Scope& transfer_scope) const {
   for (auto& var_name : inplace_vars) {
     VLOG(3) << "share inplace var " + var_name + " back to it's original scope";
+    auto* origin_var = scope.FindVar(var_name);
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(origin_var, "The var[%s] should not be nullptr.",
+                            var_name);
     auto* original_tensor =
-        GetMutableLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(scope.FindVar(var_name));
+        GetMutableLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(origin_var);
     auto* var = transfer_scope.FindVar(var_name);
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(var != nullptr, "The var[%s] should not be nullptr",
-                   var_name);
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "The var[%s] should not be nullptr.",
+                            var_name);
     auto* transformed_tensor = GetLoDTensorOrSelectedRowsValueFromVar(*var);
     original_tensor->ShareDataWith(*transformed_tensor);
   }

paddle/fluid/imperative/layer.cc

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ framework::LoDTensor& VarBase::GradValue() {
 
 std::map<std::string, std::vector<VarBase*>> OpBase::ApplyGrad() {
   if (grad_op_descs_.empty() && backward_id_ <= 0) {
-    LOG(WARNING) << "op with no grad: " << op_desc_->Type();
+    VLOG(3) << "op with no grad: " << op_desc_->Type();
     return {};
   }
 

paddle/fluid/inference/api/paddle_api.h

@@ -16,6 +16,12 @@
 /*! \file paddle_api.h
  */
 
+/*! \mainpage Paddle Inference APIs
+ * \section intro_sec Introduction
+ * The Paddle inference library aims to offer an high performance inference SDK
+ * for Paddle users.
+ */
+
 #include <cassert>
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
@@ -34,26 +40,49 @@ enum PaddleDType {
 };
 
 /**
- *\brief Memory menager for PaddleTensor.
+ * \brief Memory manager for `PaddleTensor`.
  *
- *The PaddleBuf holds a buffer for data input or output. The memory can be
- *allocated by user or by PaddleBuf itself, but in any case, the PaddleBuf
- *should be reused for better performance.
+ * The PaddleBuf holds a buffer for data input or output. The memory can be
+ * allocated by user or by PaddleBuf itself, but in any case, the PaddleBuf
+ * should be reused for better performance.
  *
- *For user allocated memory, the following API can be used:
- *- PaddleBuf(void* data, size_t length) to set an external memory by
- *specifying
- *  the memory address and length.
- *- Reset(void* data, size_t length) to reset the PaddleBuf with an external
+ * For user allocated memory, the following API can be used:
+ * - PaddleBuf(void* data, size_t length) to set an external memory by
+ * specifying the memory address and length.
+ * - Reset(void* data, size_t length) to reset the PaddleBuf with an external
  *memory.
- *ATTENTION, for user allocated memory, deallocation should be done by users
+ * ATTENTION, for user allocated memory, deallocation should be done by users
  *externally after the program finished. The PaddleBuf won't do any allocation
  *or deallocation.
  *
- *To have the PaddleBuf allocate and manage the memory:
- *- PaddleBuf(size_t length) will allocate a memory of size `length`.
- *- Resize(size_t length) resize the memory to no less than `length`, ATTENTION
+ * To have the PaddleBuf allocate and manage the memory:
+ * - PaddleBuf(size_t length) will allocate a memory of size `length`.
+ * - Resize(size_t length) resize the memory to no less than `length`, ATTENTION
  *  if the allocated memory is larger than `length`, nothing will done.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *
+ * Let PaddleBuf manage the memory internally.
+ * \code{cpp}
+ * const int num_elements = 128;
+ * PaddleBuf buf(num_elements * sizeof(float));
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * Or
+ * \code{cpp}
+ * PaddleBuf buf;
+ * buf.Resize(num_elements * sizeof(float));
+ * \endcode
+ * Works the exactly the same.
+ *
+ * One can also make the `PaddleBuf` use the external memory.
+ * \code{cpp}
+ * PaddleBuf buf;
+ * void* external_memory = new float[num_elements];
+ * buf.Reset(external_memory, num_elements*sizeof(float));
+ * ...
+ * delete[] external_memory; // manage the memory lifetime outside.
+ * \endcode
  */
 class PaddleBuf {
  public:
@@ -78,7 +107,7 @@ class PaddleBuf {
   /** Tell whether the buffer is empty.
    */
   bool empty() const { return length_ == 0; }
-  /** Get the memory address.
+  /** Get the data's memory address.
    */
   void* data() const { return data_; }
   /** Get the memory length.
@@ -110,7 +139,8 @@ struct PaddleTensor {
 };
 
 enum class PaddlePlace { kUNK = -1, kCPU, kGPU };
-/** Tensor without copy, currently only supports AnalysisPredictor.
+
+/** Tensor without copy, currently only supports `AnalysisPredictor`.
  */
 class ZeroCopyTensor {
  public:
@@ -269,9 +299,11 @@ struct NativeConfig : public PaddlePredictor::Config {
  *
  * Usage:
  *
+ * \code{.cpp}
  * NativeConfig config;
  * ... // change the configs.
  * auto native_predictor = CreatePaddlePredictor(config);
+ * \endcode
  *
  * FOR EXTENSION DEVELOPER:
  * Different predictors are designated by config type. Similar configs can be

paddle/fluid/inference/api/paddle_pass_builder.cc

@@ -66,8 +66,54 @@ void GpuPassStrategy::EnableMKLDNN() {
   LOG(ERROR) << "GPU not support MKLDNN yet";
 }
 
+GpuPassStrategy::GpuPassStrategy() : PassStrategy({}) {
+  passes_.assign({
+    "infer_clean_graph_pass",                        //
+        "identity_scale_op_clean_pass",              //
+        "conv_affine_channel_fuse_pass",             //
+        "conv_eltwiseadd_affine_channel_fuse_pass",  //
+        "conv_bn_fuse_pass",                         //
+#if CUDNN_VERSION >= 7100  // To run conv_fusion, the version of cudnn must be
+                           // guaranteed at least v7
+        "conv_elementwise_add_act_fuse_pass",   //
+        "conv_elementwise_add2_act_fuse_pass",  //
+        "conv_elementwise_add_fuse_pass",       //
+#endif
+  });
+
+  for (int i = 6; i >= 3; i--) {
+    passes_.push_back("transpose_flatten" + std::to_string(i) +
+                      "_concat_fuse_pass");
+  }
+  use_gpu_ = true;
+}
+
 void PaddlePassBuilder::AppendAnalysisPass(const std::string &pass) {
   analysis_passes_.push_back(pass);
 }
 
+CpuPassStrategy::CpuPassStrategy() : PassStrategy({}) {
+  // NOTE the large fusions should be located in the front, so that they will
+  // not be damaged by smaller ones.
+  passes_.assign({
+      "infer_clean_graph_pass",         //
+      "attention_lstm_fuse_pass",       //
+      "seqpool_concat_fuse_pass",       //
+      "seqconv_eltadd_relu_fuse_pass",  //
+      // "embedding_fc_lstm_fuse_pass", //
+      "fc_lstm_fuse_pass",             //
+      "mul_lstm_fuse_pass",            //
+      "fc_gru_fuse_pass",              //
+      "mul_gru_fuse_pass",             //
+      "seq_concat_fc_fuse_pass",       //
+      "fc_fuse_pass",                  //
+      "repeated_fc_relu_fuse_pass",    //
+      "squared_mat_sub_fuse_pass",     //
+      "conv_bn_fuse_pass",             //
+      "conv_eltwiseadd_bn_fuse_pass",  //
+      "is_test_pass",                  //
+      "identity_scale_op_clean_pass",  //
+  });
+  use_gpu_ = false;
+}
 }  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/inference/api/paddle_pass_builder.h

@@ -97,30 +97,7 @@ class PassStrategy : public PaddlePassBuilder {
  */
 class CpuPassStrategy : public PassStrategy {
  public:
-  CpuPassStrategy() : PassStrategy({}) {
-    // NOTE the large fusions should be located in the front, so that they will
-    // not be damaged by smaller ones.
-    passes_.assign({
-        "infer_clean_graph_pass",         //
-        "attention_lstm_fuse_pass",       //
-        "seqpool_concat_fuse_pass",       //
-        "seqconv_eltadd_relu_fuse_pass",  //
-        // "embedding_fc_lstm_fuse_pass", //
-        "fc_lstm_fuse_pass",             //
-        "mul_lstm_fuse_pass",            //
-        "fc_gru_fuse_pass",              //
-        "mul_gru_fuse_pass",             //
-        "seq_concat_fc_fuse_pass",       //
-        "fc_fuse_pass",                  //
-        "repeated_fc_relu_fuse_pass",    //
-        "squared_mat_sub_fuse_pass",     //
-        "conv_bn_fuse_pass",             //
-        "conv_eltwiseadd_bn_fuse_pass",  //
-        "is_test_pass",                  //
-        "identity_scale_op_clean_pass",  //
-    });
-    use_gpu_ = false;
-  }
+  CpuPassStrategy();
 
   explicit CpuPassStrategy(const CpuPassStrategy &other)
       : PassStrategy(other.AllPasses()) {}
@@ -153,27 +130,7 @@ class CpuPassStrategy : public PassStrategy {
  */
 class GpuPassStrategy : public PassStrategy {
  public:
-  GpuPassStrategy() : PassStrategy({}) {
-    passes_.assign({
-      "infer_clean_graph_pass",                        //
-          "identity_scale_op_clean_pass",              //
-          "conv_affine_channel_fuse_pass",             //
-          "conv_eltwiseadd_affine_channel_fuse_pass",  //
-          "conv_bn_fuse_pass",                         //
-#if CUDNN_VERSION >= 7100  // To run conv_fusion, the version of cudnn must be
-                           // guaranteed at least v7
-          "conv_elementwise_add_act_fuse_pass",   //
-          "conv_elementwise_add2_act_fuse_pass",  //
-          "conv_elementwise_add_fuse_pass",       //
-#endif
-    });
-
-    for (int i = 6; i >= 3; i--) {
-      passes_.push_back("transpose_flatten" + std::to_string(i) +
-                        "_concat_fuse_pass");
-    }
-    use_gpu_ = true;
-  }
+  GpuPassStrategy();
 
   explicit GpuPassStrategy(const GpuPassStrategy &other)
       : PassStrategy(other.AllPasses()) {

paddle/fluid/memory/allocation/best_fit_allocator.cc

@@ -111,6 +111,8 @@ size_t BestFitAllocator::NumFreeChunks() const {
 }
 void BestFitAllocator::Free(Allocation* allocation) {
   auto* bf_allocation = dynamic_cast<BestFitAllocation*>(allocation);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(bf_allocation,
+                          "The input allocation is not BestFitAllocation.");
   auto chunk_it = bf_allocation->ChunkIterator();
   PADDLE_ENFORCE(!chunk_it->is_free);
   chunk_it->is_free = true;

paddle/fluid/operators/activation_op.cc

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ using paddle::framework::Tensor;
           "(bool, default false) Set to true for inference only, false " \
           "for training. Some layers may run faster when this is true.") \
           .SetDefault(false);                                            \
-      AddComment(#OP_COMMENT);                                           \
+      AddComment(OP_COMMENT);                                            \
     }                                                                    \
   }
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ class ActivationOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 UNUSED constexpr char SigmoidDoc[] = R"DOC(
 Sigmoid Activation Operator
 
-$$out = \frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}$$
+$$out = \\frac{1}{1 + e^{-x}}$$
 
 )DOC";
 
@@ -187,14 +187,14 @@ $out = |x|$
 UNUSED constexpr char CeilDoc[] = R"DOC(
 Ceil Activation Operator.
 
-$out = ceil(x)$
+$out = \left \lceil x \right \rceil$
 
 )DOC";
 
 UNUSED constexpr char FloorDoc[] = R"DOC(
 Floor Activation Operator.
 
-$out = floor(x)$
+$out = \left \lfloor x \right \rfloor$
 
 )DOC";
 
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ $out = \ln(1 + e^{x})$
 UNUSED constexpr char SoftsignDoc[] = R"DOC(
 Softsign Activation Operator.
 
-$$out = \frac{x}{1 + |x|}$$
+$$out = \\frac{x}{1 + \|x\|}$$
 
 )DOC";
 

paddle/fluid/operators/conv_op.cc

@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ void Conv2DOpMaker::Make() {
       .SetDefault(4096);
   AddAttr<bool>("exhaustive_search",
                 "(bool, default false) cuDNN has many algorithm to calculation "
-                "convolution, whether enable exhaustive search ",
+                "convolution, whether enable exhaustive search "
                 "for cuDNN convolution or not, defalut is False.")
       .SetDefault(false);
   AddComment(R"DOC(
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@ void Conv3DOpMaker::Make() {
       .SetDefault(4096);
   AddAttr<bool>("exhaustive_search",
                 "(bool, default false) cuDNN has many algorithm to calculation "
-                "convolution, whether enable exhaustive search ",
+                "convolution, whether enable exhaustive search "
                 "for cuDNN convolution or not, defalut is False.")
       .SetDefault(false);
   AddComment(R"DOC(

paddle/fluid/operators/detection/density_prior_box_op.h

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class DensityPriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_MKLML
 #pragma omp parallel for
 #endif
-    for (int i = 0; i < fixed_ratios.size(); i++) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < fixed_ratios.size(); i++) {
       sqrt_fixed_ratios.push_back(sqrt(fixed_ratios[i]));
     }
 
@@ -115,11 +115,10 @@ class DensityPriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
       }
     }
     if (clip) {
-      platform::Transform<platform::CPUDeviceContext> trans;
-      ClipFunctor<T> clip_func;
-      trans(ctx.template device_context<platform::CPUDeviceContext>(),
-            boxes->data<T>(), boxes->data<T>() + boxes->numel(),
-            boxes->data<T>(), clip_func);
+      T* dt = boxes->data<T>();
+      std::transform(dt, dt + boxes->numel(), dt, [](T v) -> T {
+        return std::min<T>(std::max<T>(v, 0.), 1.);
+      });
     }
     framework::Tensor var_t;
     var_t.mutable_data<T>(
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ class DensityPriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
 #pragma omp parallel for collapse(2)
 #endif
     for (int i = 0; i < box_num; ++i) {
-      for (int j = 0; j < variances.size(); ++j) {
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < variances.size(); ++j) {
         e_vars(i, j) = variances[j];
       }
     }

paddle/fluid/operators/detection/prior_box_op.h

@@ -46,13 +46,6 @@ inline void ExpandAspectRatios(const std::vector<float>& input_aspect_ratior,
   }
 }
 
-template <typename T>
-struct ClipFunctor {
-  HOSTDEVICE inline T operator()(T in) const {
-    return std::min<T>(std::max<T>(in, 0.), 1.);
-  }
-};
-
 template <typename T>
 class PriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
  public:
@@ -101,31 +94,30 @@ class PriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     boxes->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
     vars->mutable_data<T>(ctx.GetPlace());
 
-    auto e_boxes = framework::EigenTensor<T, 4>::From(*boxes);
+    T* b_t = boxes->data<T>();
     for (int h = 0; h < feature_height; ++h) {
       for (int w = 0; w < feature_width; ++w) {
         T center_x = (w + offset) * step_width;
         T center_y = (h + offset) * step_height;
         T box_width, box_height;
-        int idx = 0;
         for (size_t s = 0; s < min_sizes.size(); ++s) {
           auto min_size = min_sizes[s];
           if (min_max_aspect_ratios_order) {
             box_width = box_height = min_size / 2.;
-            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
-            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
-            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
-            e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
-            idx++;
+            b_t[0] = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
+            b_t[1] = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
+            b_t[2] = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
+            b_t[3] = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
+            b_t += 4;
             if (max_sizes.size() > 0) {
               auto max_size = max_sizes[s];
               // square prior with size sqrt(minSize * maxSize)
               box_width = box_height = sqrt(min_size * max_size) / 2.;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
-              idx++;
+              b_t[0] = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[1] = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t[2] = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[3] = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t += 4;
             }
             // priors with different aspect ratios
             for (size_t r = 0; r < aspect_ratios.size(); ++r) {
@@ -135,11 +127,11 @@ class PriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
               }
               box_width = min_size * sqrt(ar) / 2.;
               box_height = min_size / sqrt(ar) / 2.;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
-              idx++;
+              b_t[0] = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[1] = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t[2] = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[3] = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t += 4;
             }
           } else {
             // priors with different aspect ratios
@@ -147,21 +139,21 @@ class PriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
               float ar = aspect_ratios[r];
               box_width = min_size * sqrt(ar) / 2.;
               box_height = min_size / sqrt(ar) / 2.;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
-              idx++;
+              b_t[0] = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[1] = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t[2] = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[3] = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t += 4;
             }
             if (max_sizes.size() > 0) {
               auto max_size = max_sizes[s];
               // square prior with size sqrt(minSize * maxSize)
               box_width = box_height = sqrt(min_size * max_size) / 2.;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 0) = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 1) = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 2) = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
-              e_boxes(h, w, idx, 3) = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
-              idx++;
+              b_t[0] = (center_x - box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[1] = (center_y - box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t[2] = (center_x + box_width) / img_width;
+              b_t[3] = (center_y + box_height) / img_height;
+              b_t += 4;
             }
           }
         }
@@ -169,11 +161,10 @@ class PriorBoxOpKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     }
 
     if (clip) {
-      platform::Transform<platform::CPUDeviceContext> trans;
-      ClipFunctor<T> clip_func;
-      trans(ctx.template device_context<platform::CPUDeviceContext>(),
-            boxes->data<T>(), boxes->data<T>() + boxes->numel(),
-            boxes->data<T>(), clip_func);
+      T* dt = boxes->data<T>();
+      std::transform(dt, dt + boxes->numel(), dt, [](T v) -> T {
+        return std::min<T>(std::max<T>(v, 0.), 1.);
+      });
     }
 
     framework::Tensor var_t;

paddle/fluid/operators/expand_op.cc

@@ -146,7 +146,11 @@ REGISTER_OPERATOR(expand, ops::ExpandOp, ops::ExpandOpMaker,
                   paddle::framework::DefaultGradOpDescMaker<true>);
 REGISTER_OPERATOR(expand_grad, ops::ExpandGradOp);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
-    expand, ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>);
+    expand, ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, double>,
+    ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, int>,
+    ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, bool>);
 REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
     expand_grad,
-    ops::ExpandGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>);
+    ops::ExpandGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::ExpandGradKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, double>);

paddle/fluid/operators/expand_op.cu

@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
 REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL(
-    expand, ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>);
+    expand, ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, double>,
+    ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, int>,
+    ops::ExpandKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, bool>);
 REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL(
     expand_grad,
-    ops::ExpandGradKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>);
+    ops::ExpandGradKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::ExpandGradKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, double>);

paddle/fluid/operators/fake_quantize_op.cc

@@ -21,26 +21,17 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-template <typename T, int MajorType = Eigen::RowMajor,
-          typename IndexType = Eigen::DenseIndex>
-using EigenVectorArrayMap =
-    Eigen::TensorMap<Eigen::Tensor<T, 1, MajorType, IndexType>>;
-
-template <typename T, int MajorType = Eigen::RowMajor,
-          typename IndexType = Eigen::DenseIndex>
-using ConstEigenVectorArrayMap =
-    Eigen::TensorMap<const Eigen::Tensor<T, 1, MajorType, IndexType>>;
+template <typename T>
+struct Compare {
+ public:
+  bool operator()(const T a, const T b) { return (std::abs(a) < std::abs(b)); }
+};
 
 template <typename T>
 struct FindAbsMaxFunctor<platform::CPUDeviceContext, T> {
   void operator()(const platform::CPUDeviceContext& ctx, const T* in,
                   const int num, T* out) {
-    Eigen::DSizes<Eigen::DenseIndex, 1> idim(num);
-    Eigen::DSizes<Eigen::DenseIndex, 1> odim(1);
-    Eigen::TensorMap<Eigen::Tensor<const T, 1, Eigen::RowMajor>> in_e(in, idim);
-    Eigen::TensorMap<Eigen::Tensor<T, 1, Eigen::RowMajor>> out_e(out, odim);
-
-    out_e = in_e.abs().maximum();
+    *out = *(std::max_element(in + 0, in + num, Compare<T>()));
   }
 };
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/act.h

@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ class VActJitCode : public VActFunc {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "VActJitCode";
     switch (type_) {
       case operand_type::RELU:
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ class VActJitCode : public VActFunc {
       default:
         break;
     }
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/blas.h

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class VXXJitCode : public JitCode {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  virtual const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "VXXJitCode";
     if (scalar_index_ == 1) {
       base += "_Scalar";
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class VXXJitCode : public JitCode {
     }
     base += (with_relu_ ? "_Relu" : "");
     base += "_D" + std::to_string(num_);
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/gru.h

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class GRUJitCode : public VActFunc {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "GRUJitCode";
     if (id_ == 0) {
       base += "_H1";
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class GRUJitCode : public VActFunc {
     };
     AddTypeStr(act_gate_);
     AddTypeStr(act_cand_);
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/hopv.h

@@ -35,14 +35,14 @@ class HOPVJitCode : public JitCode {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  virtual const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "VXXJitCode";
     if (type_ == operand_type::MAX) {
       base += "_MAX";
     } else {
       base += "_SUM";
     }
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/jitcode.h

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <string>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include "paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen_base.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.h"
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ typedef enum {
 } operand_type;
 
 #define DECLARE_JIT_CODE(codename) \
-  const char* name() const override { return #codename; }
+  std::string name() const override { return #codename; }
 
 class JitCode : public GenBase, public Xbyak::CodeGenerator {
  public:

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/lstm.h

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class LSTMJitCode : public VActFunc {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "LSTMJitCode";
     if (use_peephole_) {
       base += "_Peephole";
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class LSTMJitCode : public VActFunc {
     AddTypeStr(act_gate_);
     AddTypeStr(act_cand_);
     AddTypeStr(act_cell_);
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/matmul.h

@@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ class MatMulJitCode : public JitCode {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  virtual const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "MatMulJitCode";
     base = base + "_M" + std::to_string(m_) + "_N" + std::to_string(n_) + "_K" +
            std::to_string(k_);
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen/seqpool.h

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class SeqPoolJitCode : public JitCode {
     this->genCode();
   }
 
-  virtual const char* name() const override {
+  std::string name() const override {
     std::string base = "SeqPoolJitCode";
     if (type_ == SeqPoolType::kSum) {
       base += "_Sum";
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class SeqPoolJitCode : public JitCode {
       base += "_Sqrt";
     }
     base += ("_W" + std::to_string(w_));
-    return base.c_str();
+    return base;
   }
   void genCode() override;
 

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen_base.cc

@@ -17,7 +17,13 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <vector>
+#include "paddle/fluid/memory/allocation/cpu_allocator.h"  // for posix_memalign
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/cpu_info.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/enforce.h"
+
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#define posix_memalign_free free
+#endif
 
 DEFINE_bool(dump_jitcode, false, "Whether to dump the jitcode to file");
 
@@ -40,6 +46,17 @@ void GenBase::dumpCode(const unsigned char* code) const {
   }
 }
 
+void* GenBase::operator new(size_t size) {
+  void* ptr;
+  constexpr size_t alignment = 32ul;
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(posix_memalign(&ptr, alignment, size), 0,
+                    "GenBase Alloc %ld error!", size);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(ptr, "Fail to allocate GenBase CPU memory: size = %d .", size);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+void GenBase::operator delete(void* ptr) { posix_memalign_free(ptr); }
+
 std::vector<int> packed_groups(int n, int k, int* block_out, int* rest_out) {
   int block;
   int max_num_regs;

paddle/fluid/operators/jit/gen_base.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #include <gflags/gflags.h>
 #include <memory>  // for unique_ptr
+#include <string>
 #include <vector>
 #include "paddle/fluid/operators/jit/kernel_base.h"
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ namespace jit {
 class GenBase : public Kernel {
  public:
   virtual ~GenBase() = default;
-  virtual const char* name() const = 0;
+  virtual std::string name() const = 0;
   virtual size_t getSize() const = 0;
   virtual const unsigned char* getCodeInternal() = 0;
   template <typename Func>
@@ -42,6 +43,11 @@ class GenBase : public Kernel {
     return reinterpret_cast<Func>(const_cast<unsigned char*>(code));
   }
 
+  void* operator new(size_t size);
+  void operator delete(void* ptr);
+  void* operator new[](size_t size) { return operator new(size); }
+  void operator delete[](void* ptr) { operator delete(ptr); }
+
  protected:
   void dumpCode(const unsigned char* code) const;
 };

paddle/fluid/operators/load_combine_op.cc

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class LoadCombineOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
       auto *tensor = out_var->GetMutable<framework::LoDTensor>();
 
       // Error checking
-      PADDLE_ENFORCE(static_cast<bool>(buffer), "Cannot read more");
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE(static_cast<bool>(*buffer), "Cannot read more");
 
       // Get data from fin to tensor
       DeserializeFromStream(*buffer, tensor, dev_ctx);
@@ -90,6 +90,10 @@ class LoadCombineOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
         tensor->ShareDataWith(fp16_tensor);
       }
     }
+    buffer->peek();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(buffer->eof(),
+                   "You are not allowed to load partial data via "
+                   "load_combine_op, use load_op instead.");
   }
 };
 

paddle/fluid/operators/lookup_table_op.h

@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ class LookupTableGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
           "must be either LoDTensor or SelectedRows");
     }
 
+    int64_t padding_idx = context.Attr<int64_t>("padding_idx");
     bool is_sparse = context.Attr<bool>("is_sparse");
     // Since paddings are not trainable and fixed in forward, the gradient of
     // paddings makes no sense and we don't deal with it in backward.
@@ -187,10 +188,15 @@ class LookupTableGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
       memset(d_table_data, 0, d_table->numel() * sizeof(T));
 
       for (int64_t i = 0; i < ids->numel(); ++i) {
-        PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(ids_data[i], N);
-        PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(ids_data[i], 0);
-        for (int j = 0; j < D; ++j) {
-          d_table_data[ids_data[i] * D + j] += d_output_data[i * D + j];
+        if (padding_idx != kNoPadding && ids_data[i] == padding_idx) {
+          // the gradient of padding_idx should be 0, already done by memset, so
+          // do nothing.
+        } else {
+          PADDLE_ENFORCE_LT(ids_data[i], N);
+          PADDLE_ENFORCE_GE(ids_data[i], 0);
+          for (int j = 0; j < D; ++j) {
+            d_table_data[ids_data[i] * D + j] += d_output_data[i * D + j];
+          }
         }
       }
     }

paddle/fluid/operators/mkldnn/fc_mkldnn_op.cc

@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class FCMKLDNNGradOpKernel : public paddle::framework::OpKernel<T> {
                                ? mkldnn::inner_product_backward_weights::desc(
                                      src, diff_weights, bias, diff_dst)
                                : mkldnn::inner_product_backward_weights::desc(
-                                     src, diff_weights, bias, diff_dst);
+                                     src, diff_weights, diff_dst);
 
     return mkldnn::inner_product_backward_weights::primitive_desc(
         bwd_weight_desc, engine, pd);

paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ngraph_bridge.cc

@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@ std::map<std::string,
         {"accuracy", NG_OPS::BuildAccuracyNode},
         {"conv2d", NG_OPS::BuildConv2dNode},
         {"conv2d_grad", NG_OPS::BuildConv2dGradNode},
+        {"batch_norm", NG_OPS::BuildBatchNormNode},
+        {"batch_norm_grad", NG_OPS::BuildBatchNormGradNode},
         {"elementwise_add", NG_OPS::BuildElementwiseAddNode},
         {"elementwise_add_grad", NG_OPS::BuildElementwiseAddGradNode},
         {"fill_constant", NG_OPS::BuildFillConstantNode},
@@ -46,8 +48,12 @@ std::map<std::string,
         {"softmax", NG_OPS::BuildSoftmaxNode},
         {"softmax_grad", NG_OPS::BuildSoftmaxGradNode},
         {"scale", NG_OPS::BuildScaleNode},
+        {"sigmoid", NG_OPS::BuildUnaryNode<ngraph::op::Sigmoid>},
+        {"sum", NG_OPS::BuildSumNode},
         {"relu", NG_OPS::BuildUnaryNode<ngraph::op::Relu>},
+        {"relu_grad", NG_OPS::BuildReluGradNode},
         {"tanh", NG_OPS::BuildUnaryNode<ngraph::op::Tanh>},
+        {"tanh_grad", NG_OPS::BuildTanhGradNode},
         {"top_k", NG_OPS::BuildTopKNode}};
 
 void NgraphBridge::BuildNgNode(

paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ngraph_ops.h

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ops/accuracy_op.h"
+#include "ops/activation_op.h"
+#include "ops/batch_norm_op.h"
 #include "ops/binary_unary_op.h"
 #include "ops/conv2d_op.h"
 #include "ops/elementwise_add_op.h"
@@ -31,4 +33,5 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "ops/pool2d_op.h"
 #include "ops/scale_op.h"
 #include "ops/softmax_op.h"
+#include "ops/sum_op.h"
 #include "ops/top_k_op.h"

paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ops/activation_op.h

+/*Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "ngraph/ngraph.hpp"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/ngraph_helper.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+namespace ngraphs {
+
+void BuildReluGradNode(
+    const std::shared_ptr<framework::OperatorBase>& op,
+    std::shared_ptr<
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>>>
+        ngb_node_map) {
+  auto out = platform::GetInputNode(op, "Out", ngb_node_map);
+  auto dout = platform::GetInputNode(op, "Out@GRAD", ngb_node_map);
+  auto relu_grad = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::ReluBackprop>(out, dout);
+  platform::SetOutputNode(op, "X@GRAD", relu_grad, ngb_node_map);
+}
+
+void BuildTanhGradNode(
+    const std::shared_ptr<framework::OperatorBase>& op,
+    std::shared_ptr<
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>>>
+        ngb_node_map) {
+  auto out = platform::GetInputNode(op, "Out", ngb_node_map);
+  auto dout = platform::GetInputNode(op, "Out@GRAD", ngb_node_map);
+  auto shape = out->get_shape();
+  auto node_const =
+      ngraph::op::Constant::create(ngraph::element::f32, shape, {1});
+  auto result = dout * (node_const - out * out);
+  platform::SetOutputNode(op, "X@GRAD", result, ngb_node_map);
+}
+}  // namespace ngraphs
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ops/batch_norm_op.h

+/*Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "ngraph/ngraph.hpp"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ops/elementwise_node.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ops/elementwise_scalar_op.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/ngraph_helper.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+namespace ngraphs {
+
+void BuildBatchNormNode(
+    const std::shared_ptr<paddle::framework::OperatorBase>& op,
+    std::shared_ptr<
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>>>
+        ngb_node_map) {
+  auto op_attrs = paddle::framework::AttrReader(op->Attrs());
+  auto& data_layout = op_attrs.Get<std::string>("data_layout");
+
+  auto bias = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Bias", ngb_node_map);
+  auto mean = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Mean", ngb_node_map);
+  auto variance = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Variance", ngb_node_map);
+  auto scale = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Scale", ngb_node_map);
+  auto x = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "X", ngb_node_map);
+
+  const bool is_test = op_attrs.Get<bool>("is_test");
+  const float epsilon = op_attrs.Get<float>("epsilon");
+  const float momentum = op_attrs.Get<float>("momentum");
+
+  if (data_layout == "NHWC") {
+    x = paddle::platform::Nhwc2Nchw(x);
+  }
+
+  std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node> mean_out, saved_mean, saved_variance,
+      variance_out, y;
+
+  if (!is_test) {
+    auto BN = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::BatchNormTraining>(epsilon, scale,
+                                                              bias, x);
+    y = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::GetOutputElement>(BN, 0);
+    saved_mean = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::GetOutputElement>(BN, 1);
+    saved_variance = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::GetOutputElement>(BN, 2);
+
+    mean_out = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Add>(
+        paddle::operators::ngraphs::ElementwiseScalar<ngraph::op::Multiply>(
+            momentum, mean),
+        paddle::operators::ngraphs::ElementwiseScalar<ngraph::op::Multiply>(
+            1. - momentum, saved_mean));
+    variance_out = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Add>(
+        paddle::operators::ngraphs::ElementwiseScalar<ngraph::op::Multiply>(
+            momentum, variance),
+        paddle::operators::ngraphs::ElementwiseScalar<ngraph::op::Multiply>(
+            1. - momentum, saved_variance));
+
+    if (data_layout == "NHWC") {
+      y = paddle::platform::Nchw2Nhwc(y);
+    }
+
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "MeanOut", mean_out, ngb_node_map);
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "VarianceOut", variance_out,
+                                    ngb_node_map);
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "SavedMean", saved_mean, ngb_node_map);
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "SavedVariance", saved_variance,
+                                    ngb_node_map);
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "Y", y, ngb_node_map);
+  } else {
+    y = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::BatchNormInference>(epsilon, scale, bias,
+                                                         x, mean, variance);
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "Y", y, ngb_node_map);
+  }
+}
+
+void BuildBatchNormGradNode(
+    const std::shared_ptr<paddle::framework::OperatorBase>& op,
+    std::shared_ptr<
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>>>
+        ngb_node_map) {
+  auto op_attrs = paddle::framework::AttrReader(op->Attrs());
+  auto& data_layout = op_attrs.Get<std::string>("data_layout");
+
+  auto bias = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Bias", ngb_node_map);
+  auto saved_mean =
+      paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "SavedMean", ngb_node_map);
+  auto saved_variance =
+      paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "SavedVariance", ngb_node_map);
+  auto scale = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Scale", ngb_node_map);
+  auto x = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "X", ngb_node_map);
+  auto dy = paddle::platform::GetInputNode(op, "Y@GRAD", ngb_node_map);
+  auto x_shape = x->get_shape();
+  auto dy_shape = dy->get_shape();
+
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(x_shape.size() == 2 || x_shape.size() == 4,
+                 "BN grap input size needs to be 2 or 4");
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(x_shape.size(), dy_shape.size(),
+                    "BN grap input and delta size needs to be equal");
+
+  if (x_shape.size() == 2) {
+    x = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Reshape>(
+        x, ngraph::AxisVector{0, 1},
+        ngraph::Shape{x_shape.at(0), x_shape.at(1), 1, 1});
+    dy = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Reshape>(
+        dy, ngraph::AxisVector{0, 1},
+        ngraph::Shape{dy_shape.at(0), dy_shape.at(1), 1, 1});
+  }
+
+  if (data_layout == "NHWC") {
+    x = paddle::platform::Nhwc2Nchw(dy);
+    dy = paddle::platform::Nhwc2Nchw(dy);
+  }
+  const float epsilon = op_attrs.Get<float>("epsilon");
+
+  auto bn_bprop = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::BatchNormTrainingBackprop>(
+      epsilon, scale, bias, x, saved_mean, saved_variance, dy);
+
+  std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node> dx =
+      std::make_shared<ngraph::op::GetOutputElement>(bn_bprop, 0);
+  auto dscale = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::GetOutputElement>(bn_bprop, 1);
+  auto dbias = std::make_shared<ngraph::op::GetOutputElement>(bn_bprop, 2);
+  paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "Bias@GRAD", dbias, ngb_node_map);
+  paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "Scale@GRAD", dscale, ngb_node_map);
+  if (x_shape.size() == 2) {
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(
+        op, "X@GRAD", paddle::platform::NgReshaper(dx, x_shape), ngb_node_map);
+  } else {
+    if (data_layout == "NHWC") {
+      dx = paddle::platform::Nchw2Nhwc(dx);
+    }
+    paddle::platform::SetOutputNode(op, "X@GRAD", dx, ngb_node_map);
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace ngraphs
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/operators/ngraph/ops/sum_op.h

+/*Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "ngraph/ngraph.hpp"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/ngraph_helper.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+namespace ngraphs {
+
+void BuildSumNode(
+    const std::shared_ptr<framework::OperatorBase>& op,
+    std::shared_ptr<
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>>>
+        ngb_node_map) {
+  std::vector<std::string> op_inputs;
+  for (auto& var_name_item : op->Inputs()) {
+    for (auto& var_name : var_name_item.second) {
+      op_inputs.push_back(var_name);
+      if (ngb_node_map->find(var_name) == ngb_node_map->end()) {
+        PADDLE_THROW("op % input varname %s is not found in var_node_map",
+                     op->Type(), var_name);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>& sum = ngb_node_map->at(op_inputs[0]);
+  for (size_t k = 1; k < op_inputs.size(); ++k) {
+    std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node>& nodek = ngb_node_map->at(op_inputs[k]);
+    if (nodek->get_element_type() != sum->get_element_type()) {
+      nodek =
+          std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Convert>(nodek, sum->get_element_type());
+    }
+    sum = sum + nodek;
+  }
+  platform::SetOutputNode(op, "Out", sum, ngb_node_map);
+}
+}  // namespace ngraphs
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/operators/random_crop_op.h

@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ struct RandomCropFunctor {
   HOSTDEVICE void operator()(size_t ins_idx) {
     typename Random<DeviceContext>::Engine engine(seed_);
     engine.discard(ins_idx * (rank_ - num_batchsize_dims_));
-    size_t offsets[9];
+    size_t offsets[9] = {};
     for (int i = num_batchsize_dims_; i < rank_; ++i) {
       typename Random<DeviceContext>::template UniformIntDist<size_t> dist(
           0, x_dims_[i] - out_dims_[i]);

paddle/fluid/operators/row_conv_op.cc

@@ -109,23 +109,23 @@ from future subsequences in a computationally efficient manner to improve
 unidirectional recurrent neural networks. The row convolution operator is 
 different from the 1D sequence convolution, and is computed as follows:
 
-Given an input sequence $in$ of length $t$ and input dimension $d$, 
-and a filter ($W$) of size $context \times d$, 
+Given an input sequence $X$ of length $t$ and input dimension $D$, 
+and a filter ($W$) of size $context \times D$,
 the output sequence is convolved as:
 
 $$
-out_{i, :} = \\sum_{j=i}^{i + context} in_{j,:} \\cdot W_{i-j, :}
+out_{i} = \\sum_{j=i}^{i + context - 1} X_{j} \\cdot W_{j-i}
 $$
 
 In the above equation:
 
 * $Out_{i}$: The i-th row of output variable with shape [1, D].
 
-* $\\tau$: Future context size.
+* $context$: Future context size.
 
 * $X_{j}$: The j-th row of input variable with shape [1, D].
 
-* $W_{i-j}$: The (i-j)-th row of parameters with shape [1, D].
+* $W_{j-i}$: The (j-i)-th row of parameters with shape [1, D].
 
 More details about row_conv please refer to
 the design document

paddle/fluid/platform/ngraph_helper.h

@@ -23,6 +23,26 @@ limitations under the License. */
 namespace paddle {
 namespace platform {
 
+std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node> Nhwc2Nchw(std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node> in) {
+  auto in_shape = in->get_shape();
+  in_shape[0] = in->get_shape()[0];
+  in_shape[1] = in->get_shape()[3];
+  in_shape[2] = in->get_shape()[1];
+  in_shape[3] = in->get_shape()[2];
+  ngraph::AxisVector axis_vec = {0, 3, 1, 2};
+  return std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Reshape>(in, axis_vec, in_shape);
+}
+
+std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node> Nchw2Nhwc(std::shared_ptr<ngraph::Node> in) {
+  auto in_shape = in->get_shape();
+  in_shape[0] = in->get_shape()[0];
+  in_shape[1] = in->get_shape()[2];
+  in_shape[2] = in->get_shape()[3];
+  in_shape[3] = in->get_shape()[1];
+  ngraph::AxisVector axis_vec = {0, 2, 3, 1};
+  return std::make_shared<ngraph::op::Reshape>(in, axis_vec, in_shape);
+}
+
 ngraph::Shape FlattenTo2d(ngraph::Shape sh, int num) {
   auto x1 = std::accumulate(std::begin(sh), std::begin(sh) + num, 1,
                             std::multiplies<size_t>());

paddle/fluid/pybind/ir.cc

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 // limitations under the License.
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/pybind/ir.h"
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <string>
 #include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_helper.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/graph_pattern_detector.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/ir/node.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_desc.h"
@@ -27,6 +29,10 @@ namespace py = pybind11;
 using paddle::framework::ir::Graph;
 using paddle::framework::ir::Node;
 using paddle::framework::ir::GraphSafeRemoveNodes;
+using paddle::framework::ir::HasCircle;
+using paddle::framework::ir::GraphNum;
+using paddle::framework::ir::TopologySortOperations;
+using paddle::framework::ir::BuildOperationAdjList;
 using paddle::framework::OpDesc;
 using paddle::framework::ProgramDesc;
 using paddle::framework::VarDesc;
@@ -36,6 +42,12 @@ namespace paddle {
 namespace pybind {
 void BindGraph(py::module *m) {
   m->def("graph_safe_remove_nodes", GraphSafeRemoveNodes);
+  m->def("has_circle", HasCircle);
+  m->def("graph_num", GraphNum);
+  m->def("topology_sort", TopologySortOperations,
+         return_value_policy::reference);
+  m->def("build_adjacency_list", BuildOperationAdjList,
+         return_value_policy::reference);
   py::class_<Graph, std::shared_ptr<Graph>>(
       *m, "Graph",
       "The graph is a Directed Acyclic Single Static Assignment Graph, see "
@@ -46,7 +58,6 @@ void BindGraph(py::module *m) {
       .def("get_float", &Graph::Get<float>)
       .def("get_double", &Graph::Get<double>)
       .def("get_string", &Graph::Get<std::string>)
-      .def("get_program", &Graph::Get<ProgramDesc>)
       .def("get_marked_nodes", &Graph::Get<std::unordered_set<const Node *>>)
       .def("set", [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name,
                      int attr) { return self.Set(attr_name, new int(attr)); })
@@ -63,11 +74,6 @@ void BindGraph(py::module *m) {
            [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name, double attr) {
              return self.Set(attr_name, new double(attr));
            })
-      .def("set",
-           [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name,
-              const ProgramDesc &attr) {
-             return self.Set(attr_name, new ProgramDesc(attr));
-           })
       .def("set",
            [](Graph &self, const std::string &attr_name,
               const std::unordered_set<const Node *> &attr) {
@@ -108,42 +114,42 @@ void BindNode(py::module *m) {
       .def("is_op", &Node::IsOp)
       .def("is_var", &Node::IsVar)
       .def("is_ctrl_var", &Node::IsCtrlVar)
+      .def("clear_inputs", [](Node &self) { self.inputs.clear(); })
       .def("inputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, int node_id) {
-             for (auto it = self.inputs.begin(); it != self.inputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if ((*it)->id() == node_id) {
-                 self.inputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos = std::find_if(
+                 self.inputs.begin(), self.inputs.end(),
+                 [&node_id](const Node *n) { return n->id() == node_id; });
+             if (pos != self.inputs.end()) {
+               self.inputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("inputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, Node &node) {
-             for (auto it = self.inputs.begin(); it != self.inputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if (*it == &node) {
-                 self.inputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos =
+                 std::find(self.inputs.begin(), self.inputs.end(), &node);
+             if (pos != self.inputs.end()) {
+               self.inputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("inputs_append",
            [](Node &self, Node &node) { self.inputs.push_back(&node); })
+      .def("clear_outputs", [](Node &self) { self.outputs.clear(); })
       .def("outputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, int node_id) {
-             for (auto it = self.outputs.begin(); it != self.outputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if ((*it)->id() == node_id) {
-                 self.outputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos = std::find_if(
+                 self.outputs.begin(), self.outputs.end(),
+                 [&node_id](const Node *n) { return n->id() == node_id; });
+             if (pos != self.outputs.end()) {
+               self.outputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("outputs_remove",
            [](Node &self, Node &node) {
-             for (auto it = self.outputs.begin(); it != self.outputs.end();
-                  it++) {
-               if (*it == &node) {
-                 self.outputs.erase(it);
-               }
+             auto pos =
+                 std::find(self.outputs.begin(), self.outputs.end(), &node);
+             if (pos != self.outputs.end()) {
+               self.outputs.erase(pos);
              }
            })
       .def("outputs_append",

paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc

@@ -829,8 +829,7 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
   m.def("disable_profiler", platform::DisableProfiler);
   m.def("is_profiler_enabled", platform::IsProfileEnabled);
   m.def("reset_profiler", platform::ResetProfiler);
-  m.def("get_pass", [](const py::bytes &binary_str) {
-    std::string pass_type(binary_str);
+  m.def("get_pass", [](const std::string &pass_type) {
     auto pass = framework::ir::PassRegistry::Instance().Get(pass_type);
     return std::shared_ptr<framework::ir::Pass>(std::move(pass));
   });
@@ -838,10 +837,9 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
   py::class_<ir::Pass, std::shared_ptr<ir::Pass>> pass(m, "Pass");
   pass.def(py::init())
       .def("has", &ir::Pass::Has)
-      .def("set",
-           [](ir::Pass &self, const std::string &attr_name,
-              const ProgramDesc &attr) {
-             return self.Set(attr_name, new ProgramDesc(attr));
+      .def("set_not_owned",
+           [](ir::Pass &self, const std::string &attr_name, ProgramDesc &attr) {
+             self.SetNotOwned<ProgramDesc>(attr_name, &attr);
            })
       .def(
           "set",
@@ -850,7 +848,6 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
           })
       .def("set", [](ir::Pass &self, const std::string &name,
                      int val) { self.Set<const int>(name, new int(val)); })
-      .def("get_program", &ir::Pass::Get<ProgramDesc>)
       .def("type", &ir::Pass::Type)
       .def("apply", [](ir::Pass &self, std::shared_ptr<ir::Graph> graph) {
         std::unique_ptr<ir::Graph> origin_graph(graph.get());

python/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ if (WITH_TESTING)
   add_subdirectory(paddle/dataset/tests)
   add_subdirectory(paddle/fluid/tests)
   add_subdirectory(paddle/fluid/contrib/tests)
+  add_subdirectory(paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests)
 endif()
 install(DIRECTORY ${PADDLE_PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR}
     DESTINATION opt/paddle/share/wheels

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/quantization/quantization_pass.py

@@ -13,14 +13,19 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import collections
+import numpy as np
+import six
+from ..... import compat as cpt
 from .... import core
 from ....framework import IrGraph
 from ....framework import Program
-from ....framework import Variable
 from ....initializer import Constant
 from .... import unique_name
 
-__all__ = ['QuantizationTransformPass']
+__all__ = [
+    'QuantizationTransformPass', 'QuantizationFreezePass', 'ConvertToInt8Pass',
+    'TransformForMobilePass'
+]
 
 
 class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
@@ -35,7 +40,13 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
         """
         Convert and rewrite the IrGraph according to weight and
         activation quantization type.
+
         Args:
+            scope(fluid.Scope): When activation use 'range_abs_max' as the quantize
+            type, this pass will create some new parameters. The scope is used to
+            initialize these new parameters.
+            program_exe(fluid.Executor): program_exe is used to initialize new
+            parameters described above.
             weight_bits (int): quantization bit number for weights,
                 the bias is not quantized.
             activation_bits (int): quantization bit number for activation.
@@ -49,6 +60,7 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
                 support 'abs_max'. The 'range_abs_max' usually is not used for
                 weight, since weights are fixed once the model is well trained.
             window_size (int): the window size for 'range_abs_max' quantization.
+
         Examples:
         .. code-block:: python
             # The original graph will be rewrite.
@@ -88,31 +100,35 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
         self._quantizable_grad_ops = [
             '%s_grad' % (op) for op in self._quantizable_ops
         ]
-        self._fake_quant_op_types = [
-            'fake_quantize_abs_max', 'fake_quantize_range_abs_max'
-        ]
-        self._fake_dequant_op_types = ['fake_dequantize_max_abs']
         self._is_test = None
         self._global_step = None
 
     def apply(self, graph):
+        """
+        Quantize the graph for training process. According to weight and
+        activation quantization type, the graph will be added some fake
+        quantize operators and fake dequantize operators.
+
+        Args:
+            graph(IrGraph): the applied graph.
+        """
         assert isinstance(graph,
                           IrGraph), 'graph must be the instance of IrGraph.'
         self._need_initialized.clear()
         self._is_test = graph.is_test()
         # marked the variable which has been dequantized.
         dequantized_vars = collections.OrderedDict()
-        params = [p.name() for p in graph.all_parameters()]
+        persistable_vars = [p.name() for p in graph.all_persistable_vars()]
 
         def _transform_forward(graph, op):
             for var_node in op.inputs:
                 if var_node.name() in dequantized_vars:
                     dequant_var_node = dequantized_vars[var_node.name()]
                 else:
-                    quant_bits = self._weight_bits if var_node.name() in params \
+                    quant_bits = self._weight_bits if var_node.name() in persistable_vars \
                     else self._activation_bits
                     quant_type = self._weight_quantize_type if var_node.name() \
-                        in params else self._activation_quantize_type
+                        in persistable_vars else self._activation_quantize_type
                     quant_var_node, scale_var_node = self._insert_quant_op(
                         graph, var_node, quant_bits, quant_type)
                     dequant_var_node = self._insert_dequant_op(
@@ -150,9 +166,14 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
             assert self._program_exe is not None, \
             'The program_exe cannot be set None when activation_quantize_type equals to range_abs_max.'
             init_program = Program()
-            for var_desc, initializer in self._need_initialized.iteritems():
-                var = Variable(init_program.global_block())
-                var._set_desc(var_desc)
+            for var_desc, initializer in six.iteritems(self._need_initialized):
+                var = init_program.global_block().create_var(
+                    name=var_desc.name(),
+                    shape=var_desc.shape(),
+                    dtype=var_desc.dtype(),
+                    type=var_desc.type(),
+                    lod_level=var_desc.lod_level(),
+                    persistable=var_desc.persistable())
                 initializer(var, init_program.global_block())
             self._program_exe.run(program=init_program, scope=self._scope)
 
@@ -161,7 +182,7 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
     def _create_global_step(self, graph):
         if self._weight_quantize_type == 'range_abs_max' or \
                 self._activation_quantize_type == 'range_abs_max':
-            counter_name = '@STEP_COUNTER@'
+            counter_name = cpt.to_text('@STEP_COUNTER@')
             for node in graph.all_vars():
                 if node.name() == counter_name:
                     self._global_step = node
@@ -175,9 +196,14 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
                     Constant(value=0, force_cpu=True)
                 global_step_out = graph.create_var_node_from_desc(
                     global_step_in.var())
+                # The attribute of `op_role` is needed by ParallelExecutor.
                 increment_op = graph.create_op_node(
                     op_type='increment',
-                    attrs={'step': 1.0},
+                    attrs={
+                        'step': 1.0,
+                        'op_role':
+                        core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Forward
+                    },
                     inputs={'X': global_step_in},
                     outputs={'Out': global_step_out})
                 graph.link_to(global_step_in, increment_op)
@@ -212,7 +238,10 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
             var_dtype=var_node.var().dtype())
         quant_op_node = graph.create_op_node(
             op_type='fake_quantize_abs_max',
-            attrs={'bit_length': quant_bits},
+            attrs={
+                'bit_length': quant_bits,
+                'op_role': core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Forward
+            },
             inputs={'X': var_node},
             outputs={'Out': quant_var_node,
                      'OutScale': scale_var_node})
@@ -257,7 +286,8 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
         attrs = {
             'window_size': self._window_size,
             'bit_length': quant_bits,
-            'is_test': self._is_test
+            'is_test': self._is_test,
+            'op_role': core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Forward
         }
         quant_op_node = graph.create_op_node(
             op_type='fake_quantize_range_abs_max',
@@ -290,7 +320,10 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
         max_range = (1 << (quant_bits - 1)) - 1
         dequant_op_node = graph.create_op_node(
             op_type='fake_dequantize_max_abs',
-            attrs={'max_range': float(max_range)},
+            attrs={
+                'max_range': float(max_range),
+                'op_role': core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Forward
+            },
             inputs={'X': var_node,
                     'Scale': scale_var_node},
             outputs={'Out': dequant_var_node})
@@ -316,3 +349,330 @@ class QuantizationTransformPass(object):
         Return the scale name of quantized variable for the input `var_name`.
         """
         return "%s.scale" % (var_name)
+
+
+class QuantizationFreezePass(object):
+    """
+    The freeze pass is used to adjust the quantize operator order, for example:
+        1) `activation -> quant -> dequant -> conv2d` will be freezed into
+        `activation -> quant -> conv2d -> dequant`
+        2) `weight -> quant -> dequant -> conv2d` will be freezed into `weight -> conv2d`,
+        and weight will be sacled offline.
+
+    Args:
+        scope(fluid.Scope): scope is used to get the weight tensor values.
+        place(fluid.CPUPlace|fluid.CUDAPlace): place is used to restore the weight tensors.
+        weight_bits (int): quantization bit number for weights.
+        activation_bits (int): quantization bit number for activation.
+        weight_quantize_type (str): quantization type for weights, support 'abs_max'.
+        The 'range_abs_max' usually is not used for weight, since weights are fixed once the
+        model is well trained.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self,
+                 scope,
+                 place,
+                 weight_bits=8,
+                 activation_bits=8,
+                 weight_quantize_type='abs_max'):
+        assert scope is not None, \
+            'The scope cannot be set None.'
+        assert place is not None, \
+            'The place cannot be set None.'
+        self._scope = scope
+        self._place = place
+        self._weight_bits = weight_bits
+        self._activation_bits = activation_bits
+        self._weight_quantize_type = weight_quantize_type
+        self._quantizable_ops = ['conv2d', 'depthwise_conv2d', 'mul']
+        self._fake_quant_op_names = [
+            'fake_quantize_abs_max', 'fake_quantize_range_abs_max'
+        ]
+        self._fake_dequant_op_names = ['fake_dequantize_max_abs']
+        self._op_input_rename_map = collections.OrderedDict()
+        self._op_output_rename_map = collections.OrderedDict()
+        self._var_scale_map = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+    def apply(self, graph):
+        """
+        Adjust quantize/dequantize operators order for the inference process.
+
+        Args:
+            graph(IrGraph): the applied graph.
+        """
+        persistable_vars = [p.name() for p in graph.all_persistable_vars()]
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        for op_node in ops:
+            op_name = op_node.name()
+            if op_name in self._fake_quant_op_names:
+                input_arg_name = op_node.op().input('X')[0]
+                if input_arg_name in persistable_vars:
+                    if self._weight_quantize_type == 'abs_max':
+                        param = self._load_var(input_arg_name)
+                        scale_v = np.max(np.abs(param))
+                    else:
+                        scale_v = self._load_var(op_node.op().output('OutScale')
+                                                 [0])[0]
+                    self._var_scale_map[input_arg_name] = scale_v
+                else:
+                    scale_v = graph.var_node(op_node.op().output('OutScale')[0])
+                    self._var_scale_map[input_arg_name] = scale_v
+                if input_arg_name in persistable_vars:
+                    self._remove_fake_quant_and_dequant_op(graph, op_node)
+                    # quantize weight and restore
+                    param_v = self._load_var(input_arg_name)
+                    quantized_param_v = self._quant(param_v, scale_v,
+                                                    self._weight_bits)
+                    self._restore_var(input_arg_name, quantized_param_v)
+
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        for op_node in ops:
+            op_name = op_node.name()
+            if op_name in self._fake_dequant_op_names:
+                self._remove_fake_quant_and_dequant_op(graph, op_node)
+
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        for op_node in ops:
+            op_name = op_node.name()
+            if op_name in self._quantizable_ops:
+                self._insert_post_dequant_op(graph, op_node)
+
+        for op_node in ops:
+            # insert dequant_op after fc/conv, need to rename inputs of the followed ops
+            for var_node in op_node.inputs:
+                name = var_node.name()
+                if name in self._op_output_rename_map:
+                    old_in = graph.var_node(name)
+                    new_in = self._op_output_rename_map[name]
+                    graph.update_input_link(old_in, new_in, op_node)
+
+        # remove the unused var node in the graph
+        self._remove_unused_var_nodes(graph)
+        return graph
+
+    def _remove_fake_quant_and_dequant_op(self, graph, op_node):
+        k = op_node.op().output('Out')[0]
+        v = op_node.op().input('X')[0]
+        if v not in self._op_input_rename_map:
+            self._op_input_rename_map[k] = v
+        else:
+            self._op_input_rename_map[k] = self._op_input_rename_map[v]
+        graph.safe_remove_nodes(op_node)
+
+    def _insert_post_dequant_op(self, graph, op_node):
+        max_range = None
+        scale_var_node = None
+        persistable_vars = [p.name() for p in graph.all_persistable_vars()]
+        for var_node in op_node.inputs:
+            name = var_node.name()
+            if name in self._op_input_rename_map:
+                old_in = graph.var_node(name)
+                new_in = graph.var_node(self._op_input_rename_map[name])
+                new_in.clear_outputs()
+                graph.update_input_link(old_in, new_in, op_node)
+            original_var_name = self._original_var_name(name)
+            scale_v = self._var_scale_map[original_var_name]
+            if original_var_name in persistable_vars:
+                param_range = (1 << (self._weight_bits - 1)) - 1
+                act_range = (1 << (self._activation_bits - 1)) - 1
+                assert self._is_float(
+                    scale_v), 'The scale of parameter %s is not a float.' % (
+                        original_var_name)
+                max_range = param_range * act_range / scale_v
+            else:
+                assert isinstance(scale_v, core.Node)
+                scale_var_node = self._var_scale_map[original_var_name]
+
+        if len(op_node.outputs) != 1:
+            raise ValueError("Only support one output, but op %s has"
+                             " more than one output." % (op_node.name()))
+
+        output_var_node = op_node.outputs[0]
+        dequant_var_node = graph.create_var_node(
+            name=self._dequantized_var_name(output_var_node.name()),
+            var_type=output_var_node.var().type(),
+            shape=output_var_node.var().shape(),
+            var_dtype=output_var_node.var().dtype())
+        dequant_op_node = graph.create_op_node(
+            op_type='fake_dequantize_max_abs',
+            attrs={
+                'max_range': float(max_range),
+                'op_role': core.op_proto_and_checker_maker.OpRole.Forward
+            },
+            inputs={'X': output_var_node,
+                    'Scale': scale_var_node},
+            outputs={'Out': dequant_var_node})
+        graph.link_to(output_var_node, dequant_op_node)
+        graph.link_to(scale_var_node, dequant_op_node)
+        graph.link_to(dequant_op_node, dequant_var_node)
+        self._op_output_rename_map[output_var_node.name()] = dequant_var_node
+        return dequant_var_node
+
+    def _load_var(self, name):
+        return np.array(self._scope.find_var(name).get_tensor())
+
+    def _restore_var(self, name, array):
+        tensor = self._scope.find_var(name).get_tensor()
+        tensor.set(array, self._place)
+
+    def _remove_unused_var_nodes(self, graph):
+        all_used_vars = set()
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        for op_node in ops:
+            for input_node in op_node.inputs:
+                all_used_vars.add(input_node)
+            for output_node in op_node.outputs:
+                all_used_vars.add(output_node)
+
+        all_unused_vars = graph.all_vars() - all_used_vars
+        graph.safe_remove_nodes(all_unused_vars)
+
+    def _original_var_name(self, var_name):
+        """
+        Return the original variable name.
+        """
+        if var_name.endswith('.quantized.dequantized'):
+            return var_name[:-len('.quantized.dequantized')]
+        if var_name.endswith('.quantized'):
+            return var_name[:-len('.quantized')]
+        if var_name.endswith('.dequantized'):
+            return var_name[:-len('.dequantized')]
+        if var_name.endswith('.scale'):
+            return var_name[:-len('.scale')]
+        else:
+            return var_name
+
+    def _dequantized_var_name(self, var_name):
+        """
+        Return dequantized variable name for the input `var_name`.
+        """
+        return "%s.dequantized" % (var_name)
+
+    def _is_float(self, v):
+        return isinstance(v, float) or isinstance(v, np.float32) \
+            or isinstance(v, np.float64)
+
+    def _quant(self, x, scale, num_bits):
+        return np.round(x / scale * ((1 << (num_bits - 1)) - 1))
+
+
+class ConvertToInt8Pass(object):
+    """
+    Convert the weights into int8_t type.
+
+    Args:
+        scope(fluid.Scope): scope is used to get the weight tensor values.
+        place(fluid.CPUPlace|fluid.CUDAPlace): place is used to restore the
+        8bits weight tensors.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, scope, place):
+        assert scope is not None, \
+            'The scope cannot be set None.'
+        assert place is not None, \
+            'The place cannot be set None.'
+        self._scope = scope
+        self._place = place
+        self._quantizable_ops = ['conv2d', 'depthwise_conv2d', 'mul']
+
+    def apply(self, graph):
+        """
+        Convert weights' tpye of the graph. After that, the data type of the
+        graph weigths is int8_t.
+
+        Args:
+            graph(IrGraph): the applied graph.
+        """
+        persistable_vars = [p.name() for p in graph.all_persistable_vars()]
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        input_map = {}
+        for op_node in ops:
+            op_name = op_node.name()
+            if op_name in self._quantizable_ops:
+                for var_node in op_node.inputs:
+                    name = var_node.name()
+                    if name in persistable_vars:
+                        if name not in input_map:
+                            int8_var_node = self._convert_to_int8(graph,
+                                                                  var_node)
+                            input_map[name] = int8_var_node
+                        graph.update_input_link(var_node, input_map[name],
+                                                op_node)
+
+        # remove the unused var node in the graph
+        self._remove_unused_var_nodes(graph)
+        return graph
+
+    def _convert_to_int8(self, graph, var_node):
+        int8_var_node_name = var_node.name() + ".int8"
+        int8_var_node = graph.create_param_node(
+            name=cpt.to_text(int8_var_node_name),
+            var_type=var_node.var().type(),
+            shape=var_node.var().shape(),
+            var_dtype=core.VarDesc.VarType.INT8)
+        array = self._load_var(var_node.name())
+        self._scope.var(int8_var_node_name)
+        self._store_var(int8_var_node_name, array, np.int8)
+        return int8_var_node
+
+    def _load_var(self, name):
+        return np.array(self._scope.find_var(name).get_tensor())
+
+    def _store_var(self, name, array, dtype):
+        tensor = self._scope.find_var(name).get_tensor()
+        tensor.set(array.astype(dtype), self._place)
+
+    def _remove_unused_var_nodes(self, graph):
+        all_used_vars = set()
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        for op_node in ops:
+            for input_node in op_node.inputs:
+                all_used_vars.add(input_node)
+            for output_node in op_node.outputs:
+                all_used_vars.add(output_node)
+
+        all_unused_vars = graph.all_vars() - all_used_vars
+        graph.safe_remove_nodes(all_unused_vars)
+
+
+class TransformForMobilePass(object):
+    """
+    This pass is used to convert the freezed graph for paddle-mobile execution.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._fake_quant_op_names = [
+            'fake_quantize_abs_max', 'fake_quantize_range_abs_max'
+        ]
+        self._fake_dequant_op_names = ['fake_dequantize_max_abs']
+
+    def apply(self, graph):
+        """
+        Because paddle-mobile use `quantize` an `dequantize` as the names of
+        quantize operator and dequantize operator, the `apply` function just
+        realize this logic.
+
+        Args:
+            graph(IrGraph): the graph will be transformed.
+        """
+        ops = graph.all_ops()
+        for op_node in ops:
+            name = op_node.name()
+            if name in self._fake_quant_op_names:
+                op_node.op().set_type('quantize')
+                quant_node = graph.create_op_node_from_desc(op_node.op())
+                for input_node in op_node.inputs:
+                    graph.link_to(input_node, quant_node)
+                for output_node in op_node.outputs:
+                    graph.link_to(quant_node, output_node)
+                graph.safe_remove_nodes(op_node)
+            if name in self._fake_dequant_op_names:
+                op_node.op().set_type('dequantize')
+                dequant_node = graph.create_op_node_from_desc(op_node.op())
+                for input_node in op_node.inputs:
+                    graph.link_to(input_node, dequant_node)
+                for output_node in op_node.outputs:
+                    graph.link_to(dequant_node, output_node)
+                graph.safe_remove_nodes(op_node)
+
+        return graph

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/CMakeLists.txt

+file(GLOB TEST_OPS RELATIVE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}" "test_*.py")
+string(REPLACE ".py" "" TEST_OPS "${TEST_OPS}")
+
+foreach(src ${TEST_OPS})
+    py_test(${src} SRCS ${src}.py)
+endforeach()

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/unitest/configs/config.yaml → python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/configs/config.yaml

 version: 1.0
-include: ["./unitest/configs/pruners.yaml", "./unitest/configs/pruners_0.yaml"]
+include: ["./configs/pruners.yaml", "./configs/pruners_0.yaml"]
 pruners:
     pruner_1:
         class: 'RatioPruner'

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/unitest/test_factory.py → python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/test_factory.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import unittest
 
 class TestFactory(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_parse(self):
-        factory = ConfigFactory('./unitest/configs/config.yaml')
+        factory = ConfigFactory('./configs/config.yaml')
 
         pruner = factory.instance('pruner_1')
         self.assertEquals(pruner.ratios['conv1_1.w'], 0.3)

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/test_graph.py

+#   copyright (c) 2018 paddlepaddle authors. all rights reserved.
+#
+# licensed under the apache license, version 2.0 (the "license");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the license.
+# you may obtain a copy of the license at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/license-2.0
+#
+# unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the license is distributed on an "as is" basis,
+# without warranties or conditions of any kind, either express or implied.
+# see the license for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the license.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import unittest
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+import six
+from paddle.fluid.framework import IrGraph
+from paddle.fluid import core
+
+
+def residual_block(num):
+    def conv_bn_layer(input,
+                      ch_out,
+                      filter_size,
+                      stride,
+                      padding,
+                      act='relu',
+                      bias_attr=False):
+        tmp = fluid.layers.conv2d(
+            input=input,
+            filter_size=filter_size,
+            num_filters=ch_out,
+            stride=stride,
+            padding=padding,
+            act=None,
+            bias_attr=bias_attr)
+        return fluid.layers.batch_norm(input=tmp, act=act)
+
+    data = fluid.layers.data(name='image', shape=[1, 32, 32], dtype='float32')
+    label = fluid.layers.data(name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
+    hidden = data
+    for _ in six.moves.xrange(num):
+        conv = conv_bn_layer(hidden, 16, 3, 1, 1, act=None, bias_attr=True)
+        short = conv_bn_layer(hidden, 16, 1, 1, 0, act=None)
+        hidden = fluid.layers.elementwise_add(x=conv, y=short, act='relu')
+    fc = fluid.layers.fc(input=hidden, size=10)
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=fc, label=label)
+    loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return loss
+
+
+class TestGraph(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_graph_functions(self):
+        main = fluid.Program()
+        startup = fluid.Program()
+        with fluid.program_guard(main, startup):
+            loss = residual_block(2)
+            opt = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
+            opt.minimize(loss)
+        graph = IrGraph(core.Graph(main.desc), for_test=False)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('conv2d') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        graph.draw('.', 'residual', marked_nodes)
+        self.assertFalse(graph.has_circle())
+        self.assertEqual(graph.graph_num(), 1)
+        nodes = graph.topology_sort()
+        self.assertEqual(len(nodes), len(graph.all_ops()))
+        nodes_map = graph.build_adjacency_list()
+        self.assertEqual(len(nodes_map), len(graph.all_ops()))
+        nodes_num = len(graph.all_nodes())
+        graph.safe_remove_nodes(marked_nodes)
+        self.assertEqual(len(graph.all_nodes()), nodes_num - len(marked_nodes))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/unitest/test_quantization_pass.py → python/paddle/fluid/contrib/slim/tests/test_quantization_pass.py

@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@ import random
 import numpy as np
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import six
-from paddle.fluid.framework import Program
+import paddle
 from paddle.fluid.framework import IrGraph
 from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import QuantizationTransformPass
+from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import QuantizationFreezePass
+from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import ConvertToInt8Pass
+from paddle.fluid.contrib.slim.quantization import TransformForMobilePass
 from paddle.fluid import core
 
 
@@ -65,6 +68,28 @@ def residual_block(num):
     return loss
 
 
+def conv_net(img, label):
+    conv_pool_1 = fluid.nets.simple_img_conv_pool(
+        input=img,
+        filter_size=5,
+        num_filters=20,
+        pool_size=2,
+        pool_stride=2,
+        act="relu")
+    conv_pool_1 = fluid.layers.batch_norm(conv_pool_1)
+    conv_pool_2 = fluid.nets.simple_img_conv_pool(
+        input=conv_pool_1,
+        filter_size=5,
+        num_filters=50,
+        pool_size=2,
+        pool_stride=2,
+        act="relu")
+    prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=conv_pool_2, size=10, act='softmax')
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+    avg_loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return avg_loss
+
+
 class TestQuantizationTransformPass(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.quantizable_op_and_inputs = {
@@ -171,5 +196,177 @@ class TestQuantizationTransformPass(unittest.TestCase):
         self.residual_block_quant('range_abs_max')
 
 
+class TestQuantizationFreezePass(unittest.TestCase):
+    def freeze_graph(self, use_cuda, seed, quant_type):
+        def build_program(main, startup, is_test):
+            main.random_seed = seed
+            startup.random_seed = seed
+            with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+                with fluid.program_guard(main, startup):
+                    img = fluid.layers.data(
+                        name='image', shape=[1, 28, 28], dtype='float32')
+                    label = fluid.layers.data(
+                        name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64')
+                    loss = conv_net(img, label)
+                    if not is_test:
+                        opt = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate=0.001)
+                        opt.minimize(loss)
+            return [img, label], loss
+
+        random.seed(0)
+        np.random.seed(0)
+
+        main = fluid.Program()
+        startup = fluid.Program()
+        test_program = fluid.Program()
+        feeds, loss = build_program(main, startup, False)
+        build_program(test_program, startup, True)
+        test_program = test_program.clone(for_test=True)
+        main_graph = IrGraph(core.Graph(main.desc), for_test=False)
+        test_graph = IrGraph(core.Graph(test_program.desc), for_test=True)
+
+        place = fluid.CUDAPlace(0) if use_cuda else fluid.CPUPlace()
+        exe = fluid.Executor(place)
+        scope = fluid.Scope()
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            exe.run(startup)
+        transform_pass = QuantizationTransformPass(
+            scope=scope, program_exe=exe, activation_quantize_type=quant_type)
+        transform_pass.apply(main_graph)
+        transform_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        dev_name = '_gpu_' if use_cuda else '_cpu_'
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in main_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        main_graph.draw('.', 'main' + dev_name + quant_type, marked_nodes)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test' + dev_name + quant_type, marked_nodes)
+
+        quantized_main_program = main_graph.to_program()
+        quantized_test_program = test_graph.to_program()
+        iters = 5
+        batch_size = 8
+
+        #train_exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(
+        #    main_program=quantized_main_program,
+        #    use_cuda=bool(use_cuda),
+        #    loss_name=loss.name,
+        #    scope=scope)
+        train_reader = paddle.batch(
+            paddle.reader.shuffle(
+                paddle.dataset.mnist.train(), buf_size=500),
+            batch_size=batch_size)
+        test_reader = paddle.batch(
+            paddle.dataset.mnist.test(), batch_size=batch_size)
+        feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(feed_list=feeds, place=place)
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            for _ in range(iters):
+                data = next(train_reader())
+                loss_v = exe.run(program=quantized_main_program,
+                                 feed=feeder.feed(data),
+                                 fetch_list=[loss])
+                #loss_v = train_exe.run(feed=feeder.feed(data),
+                #                       fetch_list=[loss.name])
+                #print('{}: {}'.format('loss' + dev_name + quant_type, loss_v))
+
+        test_data = next(test_reader())
+        with fluid.program_guard(quantized_test_program):
+            w_var = fluid.framework._get_var('conv2d_1.w_0.quantized',
+                                             quantized_test_program)
+        # Testing
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            test_loss1, w_quant = exe.run(program=quantized_test_program,
+                                          feed=feeder.feed(test_data),
+                                          fetch_list=[loss, w_var])
+
+        # Freeze graph for inference, but the weight of fc/conv is still float type.
+        freeze_pass = QuantizationFreezePass(scope=scope, place=place)
+        freeze_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test_freeze' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                        marked_nodes)
+
+        server_program = test_graph.to_program()
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            test_loss2, = exe.run(program=server_program,
+                                  feed=feeder.feed(test_data),
+                                  fetch_list=[loss])
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(test_loss1, test_loss2, delta=5e-3)
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('test_loss1' + dev_name + quant_type, test_loss1))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('test_loss2' + dev_name + quant_type, test_loss2))
+        w_freeze = np.array(scope.find_var('conv2d_1.w_0').get_tensor())
+        # Maybe failed, this is due to the calculation precision
+        # self.assertAlmostEqual(np.sum(w_freeze), np.sum(w_quant))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_freeze' + dev_name + quant_type,
+        #                      np.sum(w_freeze)))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_quant' + dev_name + quant_type,
+        #                      np.sum(w_quant)))
+
+        # Convert parameter to 8-bit.
+        convert_int8_pass = ConvertToInt8Pass(scope=scope, place=place)
+        convert_int8_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test_int8' + dev_name + quant_type, marked_nodes)
+        server_program_int8 = test_graph.to_program()
+        # Save the 8-bit parameter and model file.
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            fluid.io.save_inference_model('server_int8' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                                          ['image', 'label'], [loss], exe,
+                                          server_program_int8)
+            # Test whether the 8-bit parameter and model file can be loaded successfully.
+            [infer, feed, fetch] = fluid.io.load_inference_model(
+                'server_int8' + dev_name + quant_type, exe)
+        # Check the loaded 8-bit weight.
+        w_8bit = np.array(scope.find_var('conv2d_1.w_0.int8').get_tensor())
+        self.assertEqual(w_8bit.dtype, np.int8)
+        self.assertEqual(np.sum(w_8bit), np.sum(w_freeze))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_8bit' + dev_name + quant_type, np.sum(w_8bit)))
+        #print('{}: {}'.format('w_freeze' + dev_name + quant_type,
+        #                      np.sum(w_freeze)))
+
+        mobile_pass = TransformForMobilePass()
+        mobile_pass.apply(test_graph)
+        marked_nodes = set()
+        for op in test_graph.all_ops():
+            if op.name().find('quantize') > -1:
+                marked_nodes.add(op)
+        test_graph.draw('.', 'test_mobile' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                        marked_nodes)
+
+        mobile_program = test_graph.to_program()
+        with fluid.scope_guard(scope):
+            fluid.io.save_inference_model('mobile_int8' + dev_name + quant_type,
+                                          ['image', 'label'], [loss], exe,
+                                          mobile_program)
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cuda_dynamic(self):
+        if fluid.core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
+            with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+                self.freeze_graph(True, seed=1, quant_type='abs_max')
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cpu_dynamic(self):
+        with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+            self.freeze_graph(False, seed=2, quant_type='abs_max')
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cuda_static(self):
+        if fluid.core.is_compiled_with_cuda():
+            with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+                self.freeze_graph(True, seed=1, quant_type='range_abs_max')
+
+    def test_freeze_graph_cpu_static(self):
+        with fluid.unique_name.guard():
+            self.freeze_graph(False, seed=2, quant_type='range_abs_max')
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/contrib/tests/test_quantize_transpiler.py

@@ -204,9 +204,11 @@ class TestQuantizeTranspiler(unittest.TestCase):
         build_program(test_program, startup, True)
         test_program = test_program.clone(for_test=True)
 
-        quant_transpiler = QuantizeTranspiler()
-        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(main)
-        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(test_program)
+        quant_type = 'range_abs_max'  # 'range_abs_max' or 'abs_max'
+        quant_transpiler = QuantizeTranspiler(
+            activation_quantize_type=quant_type)
+        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(main, startup)
+        quant_transpiler.training_transpile(test_program, startup)
 
         place = fluid.CUDAPlace(0) if use_cuda else fluid.CPUPlace()
         exe = fluid.Executor(place)

python/paddle/fluid/framework.py

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import collections
 from collections import defaultdict
+from collections import Iterable
+import contextlib
 from .wrapped_decorator import signature_safe_contextmanager
 import os
 import re
@@ -1529,12 +1531,16 @@ class Block(object):
 
 class IrGraph(object):
     """
-    IrGraph uses core.Graph as the delegation to accomplish the manipulation.
+    Python IrGraph. Beneath it is a core.Graph, which is used for
+    create a c++ Ir Pass Graph. An IrGraph is just a graph view of
+    a Program. In an IrGraph, both Variables and Operators are graph
+    nodes.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, graph, for_test=False):
         """
-        Construct the IrGraph using core.Graph.
+        Construct an IrGraph using core.Graph.
+
         Args:
             graph(core.Graph): C++ Graph.
             for_test(bool): True for the test graph and false for the train graph.
@@ -1545,23 +1551,81 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         self._for_test = for_test
 
     def is_test(self):
+        """
+        If the graph is used for testing, the function returns true. Otherwise, returns false.
+        """
         return self._for_test
 
-    def all_parameters(self):
-        param_nodes = set()
-        for node in self.graph.nodes():
-            if node.is_var() and node.var() is not None and node.var(
-            ).persistable():
-                param_nodes.add(node)
-        return param_nodes
+    def all_nodes(self):
+        """
+        Return all nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
+        return {node for node in self.graph.nodes()}
 
     def all_vars(self):
+        """
+        Return all variable nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
         return {node for node in self.graph.nodes() if node.is_var()}
 
+    def all_persistable_vars(self):
+        """
+        Return all persistable variable nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
+        persistable_nodes = set()
+        for node in self.graph.nodes():
+            if node.is_var() and node.var() is not None and node.var(
+            ).persistable():
+                persistable_nodes.add(node)
+        return persistable_nodes
+
     def all_ops(self):
+        """
+        Return all operator nodes included in the graph as a set.
+        """
         return {node for node in self.graph.nodes() if node.is_op()}
 
+    def var_node(self, name):
+        """
+        Get a variable node by name from the graph.
+
+        Args:
+            name(str): the name of the variable node.
+
+        Raises:
+            ValueError: The If input's type is not str, or this graph
+            doesn't have a variable with the giving name.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the variable node with the giving name.
+        """
+        if not isinstance(name, six.string_types):
+            raise TypeError(
+                "var require string as parameter, but get %s instead." %
+                (type(name)))
+        target_var_node = None
+        var_nodes = self.all_vars()
+        for var_node in var_nodes:
+            if var_node.name() == name:
+                target_var_node = var_node
+        if target_var_node is None:
+            raise ValueError("var_node %s not in this graph" % name)
+        return target_var_node
+
     def create_param_node(self, name, var_type, shape, var_dtype):
+        """
+        Create a persistable variable node in the graph. In IrGraph,
+        it can not distinguish between persistable variables and parameters.
+
+        Args:
+            name(str): the name of the persistable variable node.
+            vart_type(core.VarDesc.VarType): the type of the persistable variable node.
+            shape(list): the shape of the persistable variable node.
+            var_dtype(core.VarDesc.VarType): the data type of the persistable variable node.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created persistable variable node.
+        """
         var_desc = core.VarDesc(name)
         var_desc.set_type(var_type)
         var_desc.set_shape(shape)
@@ -1570,6 +1634,20 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         return self.graph.create_var_node(var_desc)
 
     def create_var_node(self, name, var_type, shape, var_dtype):
+        """
+        Create a variable node in the graph. The created variable node is
+        not persistable.
+
+        Args:
+            name(str): the name of the variable node.
+            vart_type(core.VarDesc.VarType): the type of the variable node.
+            shape(list): the shape of the variable node.
+            var_dtype(core.VarDesc.VarType): the data type of the variable node.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created variable node.
+        """
+
         var_desc = core.VarDesc(name)
         var_desc.set_type(var_type)
         var_desc.set_shape(shape)
@@ -1577,19 +1655,41 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         return self.graph.create_var_node(var_desc)
 
     def create_var_node_from_desc(self, var_desc):
+        """
+        Create a variable node by using an existing VarDesc in the graph.
+        Depend on the giving VarDesc, the created variable node may be persistable.
+
+        Args:
+            var_desc(core.VarDesc): the giving variable description.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created variable node.
+        """
         return self.graph.create_var_node(var_desc)
 
     def create_op_node(self, op_type, attrs, inputs, outputs):
+        """
+        Create a operator node in the graph.
+
+        Args:
+            op_type(str): the type of the operator node.
+            attrs(dict): the attributes of the operator node.
+            inputs(dict): the inputs of the operator node.
+            outputs(dict): the outpus of the operator node.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created operator node.
+        """
         op_desc = core.OpDesc()
         op_desc.set_type(op_type)
-        for attr, value in attrs.iteritems():
+        for attr, value in six.iteritems(attrs):
             self._update_desc_attr(op_desc, attr, value)
-        for input_name, var_nodes in inputs.iteritems():
+        for input_name, var_nodes in six.iteritems(inputs):
             if not isinstance(var_nodes, list):
                 var_nodes = [var_nodes]
             op_desc.set_input(input_name,
                               [var_node.name() for var_node in var_nodes])
-        for output_name, var_nodes in outputs.iteritems():
+        for output_name, var_nodes in six.iteritems(outputs):
             if not isinstance(var_nodes, list):
                 var_nodes = [var_nodes]
             op_desc.set_output(output_name,
@@ -1597,11 +1697,29 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         return self.graph.create_op_node(op_desc)
 
     def create_op_node_from_desc(self, op_desc):
+        """
+        Create a operator node by using an existing OpDesc in the graph.
+
+        Args:
+            op_desc(core.VarDesc): the giving operator description.
+
+        Returns:
+            core.Node: the created operator node.
+        """
         return self.graph.create_op_node(op_desc)
 
     def update_input_link(self, old_input_node, new_input_node, op_node):
-        assert old_input_node in self.graph.nodes() and new_input_node in self.graph.nodes() and \
-            op_node in self.graph.nodes(), 'Th three arguments must be in the graph nodes.'
+        """
+        Update the input's link of a operator node.
+
+        Args:
+            old_input_node(core.Node): the old input node of the giving op_node.
+            new_input_node(core.Node): the new input node of the giving op_node.
+            op_node(core.Node): the operator node that is needed to update input's link.
+        """
+        assert old_input_node in self.graph.nodes() and new_input_node in \
+        self.graph.nodes() and op_node in self.graph.nodes(), \
+        'The three arguments(old_input_node&new_input_node&op_node) must be in the graph nodes.'
         old_input_node.outputs_remove(op_node)
         op_node.inputs_remove(old_input_node)
         new_input_node.outputs_append(op_node)
@@ -1609,17 +1727,85 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         op_node.op()._rename_input(old_input_node.name(), new_input_node.name())
 
     def link_to(self, node_in, node_out):
+        """
+        Connect two nodes.
+
+        Args:
+            node_in(core.Node): the input node.
+            node_out(core.Node): the output node.
+        """
         assert node_in in self.graph.nodes() and node_out in self.graph.nodes(), \
-            'Th two arguments must be in the graph nodes.'
+            'The two arguments(node_in&node_out) must be in the graph nodes.'
         node_in.outputs_append(node_out)
         node_out.inputs_append(node_in)
 
     def safe_remove_nodes(self, remove_nodes):
+        """
+        Remove nodes safely since links connected to these removed nodes are
+        also removed.
+
+        Args:
+            remove_nodes(set): the nodes prepared to be removed.
+        """
         if not isinstance(remove_nodes, set):
-            remove_nodes = set(remove_nodes)
+            if isinstance(remove_nodes, Iterable):
+                remove_nodes = set(remove_nodes)
+            else:
+                remove_nodes = {remove_nodes}
         core.graph_safe_remove_nodes(self.graph, remove_nodes)
 
-    def draw(self, save_path, name, marked_nodes=None):
+    def has_circle(self):
+        """
+        Check if the graph has a circle.
+
+        Returns:
+            bool: True if the graph has a circle else False.
+        """
+        return core.has_circle(self.graph)
+
+    def graph_num(self):
+        """
+        Count the number of unconnected graphs in this graph.
+
+        Returns:
+            int: the number of unconnected graphs.
+        """
+        return core.graph_num(self.graph)
+
+    def topology_sort(self):
+        """
+        Perform the topology sort operation on the graph.
+
+        Notes: the `graph` cannot contain a circle.
+
+        Returns:
+            set(core.Node): nodes in topology order.
+        """
+        return core.topology_sort(self.graph)
+
+    def build_adjacency_list(self):
+        """
+        Build an adjacency list of operations for the `graph`.
+
+        Returns:
+            dict{core.Node: set(core.Node)}: the adjacency list.
+        """
+        return core.build_adjacency_list(self.graph)
+
+    def draw(self, save_path, name, marked_nodes=None, remove_ctr_var=True):
+        """
+        Draw the graph. If `dot` command is installed, the drawn graph
+        will be saved as pdf file type, otherwise dot file type is used.
+
+        Args:
+            save_path(str): the save path of drawn graph.
+            name(str): the name of drawn graph.
+            marked_nodes(set(core.Node)): nodes that are needed to be marked.
+            Default value is None.
+            remove_ctr_var(bool): If it is set True, all control variable nodes
+            in the graph will be removed. Default value is True.
+        """
+
         def _convert_to_pdf(dot_file_path):
             pdf_save_path = os.path.splitext(dot_file_path)[0] + '.pdf'
             exited_code = subprocess.call('dot -Tpdf ' + dot_file_path \
@@ -1629,15 +1815,17 @@ class IrGraph(object):
                 print('The {} is saved as the dot filetype.'.format(
                     dot_file_path))
 
-        remove_ctr_vars = set()
+        if remove_ctr_var:
+            remove_ctr_vars = set()
+            for node in self.graph.nodes():
+                if node.is_ctrl_var():
+                    remove_ctr_vars.add(node)
+            self.safe_remove_nodes(remove_ctr_vars)
         ops_num = 0
         for node in self.graph.nodes():
-            if node.is_ctrl_var():
-                remove_ctr_vars.add(node)
-            elif node.is_op():
+            if node.is_op():
                 ops_num += 1
         print('Total ops num = {}.'.format(ops_num))
-        self.safe_remove_nodes(remove_ctr_vars)
         if marked_nodes is not None:
             if not isinstance(marked_nodes, set):
                 marked_nodes = set(marked_nodes)
@@ -1652,10 +1840,20 @@ class IrGraph(object):
         _convert_to_pdf(viz_dot_path)
 
     def to_program(self):
+        """
+        Convert the graph into a Program.
+
+        Notes: When the graph includes backward operator nodes, the
+        conversion process may be failed. Usually, this function is
+        only used to convert a test graph.
+
+        Returns:
+            Program: a program converted from the graph.
+        """
         convert_pass = core.get_pass('graph_to_program_pass')
-        convert_pass.set('program', Program().desc)
+        desc = core.ProgramDesc()
+        convert_pass.set_not_owned('program', desc)
         convert_pass.apply(self.graph)
-        desc = convert_pass.get_program('program')
         program = Program._construct_from_desc(desc)
         return program
 

python/paddle/fluid/imperative/layers.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import collections
 import contextlib
 import sys
 import numpy as np
@@ -30,31 +31,45 @@ class Layer(core.Layer):
     def __init__(self, dtype=core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32, name=None):
         self._built = False
         self._dtype = dtype
+        self._parameters = collections.OrderedDict()
+        self._sub_layers = collections.OrderedDict()
+
+    def parameters(self, include_sublayers=True):
+        """Returns a list of Parameters from current and sub-layers.
+
+        Args:
+            include_sublayers: If true, also include the parameters from
+            sublayers.
+
+        Returns a list of Parameters.
+        """
+        ret = [p for p in self._parameters.values()]
+        if include_sublayers:
+            for l in self._sub_layers.values():
+                for p in l.parameters(include_sublayers):
+                    ret.append(p)
+        return ret
+
+    def sublayers(self, include_sublayers=True):
+        """Returns a list of sub layers.
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        params = []
-        for key in self.__dict__.keys():
-            value = self.__dict__[key]
-            if isinstance(value, framework.Parameter):
-                params.append(value)
-            elif isinstance(value, core.Layer):
-                params.extend(value.parameters())
-            elif isinstance(value, collections.Container):
-                if len(value) == 0:
-                    continue
-                if isinstance(value[0], framework.Parameter):
-                    params.extend(value)
-                elif isinstance(value[0], core.Layer):
-                    for v in value:
-                        params.extend(v.parameters())
-
-        return params
+        Args:
+            include_sublayers: If true, also include the layers from sublayers.
+
+        Returns a list of sub layers.
+        """
+        ret = [l for l in self._sub_layers.values()]
+        if include_sublayers:
+            for l in self._sub_layers.values():
+                for sub_l in l.sublayers(include_sublayers):
+                    ret.append(sub_l)
+        return ret
 
     def clear_gradients(self):
         for p in self.parameters():
             p._clear_gradient()
 
-    def _build_once(self, inputs):
+    def _build_once(self, *args):
         pass
 
     def __call__(self, *inputs):
@@ -71,6 +86,66 @@ class Layer(core.Layer):
     def backward(self, *inputs):
         raise ValueError("Layer shouldn't implement backward")
 
+    def add_sublayer(self, name, sublayer):
+        """Adds a sub Layer instance.
+
+          Added sublayer can be access like self.name.
+
+        Args:
+            name: name of this sublayer.
+            sublayer: an instance of Layer.
+        Returns:
+            the sublayer passed in.
+        """
+        assert isinstance(sublayer, core.Layer)
+        self._sub_layers[name] = sublayer
+        return sublayer
+
+    def add_parameter(self, name, parameter):
+        """Adds a Parameter instance.
+
+          Added parameter can be access like self.name.
+
+        Args:
+            name: name of this sublayer.
+            parameter: an instance of Parameter.
+        Returns:
+            the parameter passed in.
+        """
+        assert isinstance(parameter, framework.Parameter)
+        self._parameters[name] = parameter
+        return parameter
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        if name in self._parameters:
+            return self._parameters[name]
+        elif name in self._sub_layers:
+            return self._sub_layers[name]
+
+    def __setattr__(self, name, value):
+        if isinstance(value, framework.Parameter):
+            params = self.__dict__.get('_parameters', None)
+            if params is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "super(YourLayer, self).__init__() should be called first")
+            params[name] = value
+        elif isinstance(value, core.Layer):
+            layers = self.__dict__.get('_sub_layers', None)
+            if layers is None:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "super(YourLayer, self).__init__() should be called first")
+            layers[name] = value
+        else:
+            object.__setattr__(self, name, value)
+
+    def __delattr__(self, name):
+        if name in self._parameters:
+            del self._parameters[name]
+        elif name in self._sub_layers:
+            del self._sub_layers[name]
+        else:
+            object.__delattr__(self, name)
+
 
 class PyLayer(core.PyLayer):
     """Layers composed of user-defined python codes."""

python/paddle/fluid/imperative/nn.py

@@ -225,9 +225,6 @@ class FC(layers.Layer):
             act=act,
             name=name)
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        return [self._w, self._b]
-
     def _build_once(self, input):
         input_shape = input.shape
         param_shape = [
@@ -478,9 +475,6 @@ class Embedding(layers.Layer):
             dtype=self._dtype,
             is_bias=False)
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        return [self._w]
-
     def forward(self, input):
         out = self._helper.create_variable_for_type_inference(self._dtype)
         self._helper.append_op(

python/paddle/fluid/layers/nn.py

@@ -2930,6 +2930,7 @@ def batch_norm(input,
             "momentum": momentum,
             "epsilon": epsilon,
             "is_test": is_test,
+            "data_layout": data_layout,
             "use_mkldnn": False,
             "fuse_with_relu": fuse_with_relu,
             "use_global_stats": use_global_stats
@@ -3235,7 +3236,7 @@ def group_norm(input,
     # create output
     mean_out = helper.create_variable(dtype=dtype, stop_gradient=True)
     variance_out = helper.create_variable(dtype=dtype, stop_gradient=True)
-    group_norm_out = helper.create_variable(dtype)
+    group_norm_out = helper.create_variable(dtype=dtype)
 
     helper.append_op(
         type="group_norm",

python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/file_reader/convert_data_to_recordio.py

@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import sys
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
 
 
 def load_vocab(filename):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/pyreader.py

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import six
 import paddle
 import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2
 
 
 def network(is_train):
@@ -72,7 +71,7 @@ def main():
         use_cuda=use_cuda, share_vars_from=trainer, main_program=test_prog)
 
     train_reader.decorate_paddle_reader(
-        paddle.v2.reader.shuffle(
+        paddle.reader.shuffle(
             paddle.batch(mnist.train(), 512), buf_size=8192))
 
     test_reader.decorate_paddle_reader(paddle.batch(mnist.test(), 512))

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -109,11 +109,12 @@ set_tests_properties(test_parallel_executor_fetch_feed PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 450)
 py_test_modules(test_parallel_executor_transformer MODULES test_parallel_executor_transformer SERIAL)
 if(NOT APPLE)
     py_test_modules(test_image_classification_resnet MODULES test_image_classification_resnet SERIAL)
+    if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+        # change the timeout from 600 to 1200, because in debug mode, this test need more time.
+        set_tests_properties(test_image_classification_resnet PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 1200)
+    endif()
 endif()
-if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
-    # change the timeout from 600 to 900, because in debug mode, this test need more time.
-    set_tests_properties(test_image_classification_resnet PROPERTIES TIMEOUT 900)
-endif()
+
 
 if (WITH_NGRAPH)
     add_subdirectory(ngraph)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/ngraph/test_activation_ngraph_op.py

@@ -18,17 +18,7 @@ import unittest
 import numpy as np
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 from paddle.fluid.tests.unittests.op_test import OpTest
-from paddle.fluid.tests.unittests.test_activation_op import TestRelu, TestTanh
-
-
-class TestNGRAPHReluDim2(TestRelu):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super(TestNGRAPHReluDim2, self).setUp()
-
-
-class TestNGRAPHTanhDim2(TestTanh):
-    def setUp(self):
-        super(TestNGRAPHTanhDim2, self).setUp()
+from paddle.fluid.tests.unittests.test_activation_op import TestSigmoid, TestRelu, TestTanh
 
 
 class TestNGRAPHReluDim4(TestRelu):

python/paddle/utils/dump_config.py → python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/ngraph/test_batch_norm_ngraph_op.py

-# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
@@ -12,34 +12,26 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from paddle.trainer.config_parser import parse_config
-from paddle.proto import TrainerConfig_pb2
-import sys
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+import unittest
+from paddle.fluid.tests.unittests.test_batch_norm_op import TestBatchNormOpTraining, TestBatchNormOpInference
+
+
+class TestNGRAPHBatchNormOpTraining(TestBatchNormOpTraining):
+    def init_kernel_type(self):
+        super(TestNGRAPHBatchNormOpTraining, self).init_kernel_type()
+
+
+class TestNGRAPHBatchNormOpInference(TestBatchNormOpInference):
+    def init_kernel_type(self):
+        super(TestNGRAPHBatchNormOpInference, self).init_kernel_type()
+
+
+class TestNGRAPHBatchNormOpWithReluInference(TestBatchNormOpInference):
+    def init_kernel_type(self):
+        super(TestNGRAPHBatchNormOpWithReluInference, self).init_kernel_type()
 
-__all__ = []
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    whole_conf = False
-    binary = False
-    if len(sys.argv) == 2:
-        conf = parse_config(sys.argv[1], '')
-    elif len(sys.argv) == 3:
-        conf = parse_config(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
-    elif len(sys.argv) == 4:
-        conf = parse_config(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2])
-        if sys.argv[3] == '--whole':
-            whole_conf = True
-        elif sys.argv[3] == '--binary':
-            binary = True
-    else:
-        raise RuntimeError()
-
-    assert isinstance(conf, TrainerConfig_pb2.TrainerConfig)
-
-    if whole_conf:
-        print(conf)
-    else:
-        if binary:
-            sys.stdout.write(conf.model_config.SerializeToString())
-        else:
-            print(conf.model_config)
+    unittest.main()

benchmark/paddle/rnn/imdb.py → python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/ngraph/test_sum_ngraph_op.py

@@ -11,50 +11,9 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
-
 from __future__ import print_function
-import six.moves.cPickle as pickle
-import gzip
-import os
-import numpy
-
-
-def get_dataset_file(dataset, default_dataset, origin):
-    data_dir, data_file = os.path.split(dataset)
-    if (not os.path.isfile(dataset)) and data_file == default_dataset:
-        from six.moves import urllib
-        print('Downloading data from %s' % origin)
-        urllib.request.urlretrieve(origin, dataset)
-
-    return dataset
-
-
-def create_data(path="imdb.pkl"):
-
-    if (not os.path.isfile('imdb.train.pkl')):
-        path = get_dataset_file(
-            path, "imdb.pkl",
-            "http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lisa/deep/data/imdb.pkl")
-
-        if path.endswith(".gz"):
-            f = gzip.open(path, 'rb')
-        else:
-            f = open(path, 'rb')
-
-        train_set = pickle.load(f)
-        test_set = pickle.load(f)
-        f.close()
-
-        pickle.dump(train_set, open('imdb.train.pkl', 'wb'))
-        pickle.dump(test_set, open('imdb.test.pkl', 'wb'))
-
-    if (not os.path.isfile('train.list')):
-        file('train.list', 'w').write('imdb.train.pkl\n')
-
-
-def main():
-    create_data('imdb.pkl')
-
+import unittest
+from paddle.fluid.tests.unittests.test_sum_op import TestSumOp, TestSelectedRowsSumOp, TestLoDTensorAndSelectedRowsOp
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_base_layer.py

+# Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+import numpy as np
+
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+from paddle.fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper
+
+
+class L1(fluid.imperative.Layer):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(L1, self).__init__()
+        self._helper = LayerHelper(
+            'MyLayer',
+            param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(
+                initializer=fluid.initializer.Constant(value=0.1)))
+
+        self.w1 = self._helper.create_parameter(
+            attr=self._helper.param_attr,
+            shape=[2, 2],
+            dtype='float32',
+            is_bias=False)
+        self.w2 = self._helper.create_parameter(
+            attr=self._helper.param_attr,
+            shape=[2, 2],
+            dtype='float32',
+            is_bias=False)
+
+    def forward(self):
+        return self.w1 + self.w2
+
+
+class L2(fluid.imperative.Layer):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(L2, self).__init__()
+        self.layer1 = L1()
+        self.layer2 = L1()
+
+    def forward(self):
+        return self.layer1() + self.layer2()
+
+
+class L3(fluid.imperative.Layer):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super(L3, self).__init__()
+        self.layer1 = L2()
+        self.layer2 = L2()
+
+    def forward(self):
+        return self.layer1() + self.layer2()
+
+
+class TestBaseLayer(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_one_level(self):
+        with fluid.imperative.guard():
+            l = L1()
+            ret = l()
+            self.assertEqual(l.w1.name, "MyLayer_0.w_0")
+            self.assertEqual(l.w2.name, "MyLayer_0.w_1")
+            self.assertTrue(np.allclose(ret._numpy(), 0.2 * np.ones([2, 2])))
+
+    def test_three_level(self):
+        with fluid.imperative.guard():
+            l = L3()
+            ret = l()
+            self.assertTrue(np.allclose(ret._numpy(), 0.8 * np.ones([2, 2])))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_expand_op.py

@@ -109,5 +109,32 @@ class TestExpandOpRank4(OpTest):
         self.check_grad(['X'], 'Out')
 
 
+class TestExpandOpInteger(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "expand"
+        self.inputs = {
+            'X': np.random.randint(
+                10, size=(2, 4, 5)).astype("int32")
+        }
+        self.attrs = {'expand_times': [2, 1, 4]}
+        output = np.tile(self.inputs['X'], (2, 1, 4))
+        self.outputs = {'Out': output}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+
+class TestExpandOpBoolean(OpTest):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.op_type = "expand"
+        self.inputs = {'X': np.random.randint(2, size=(2, 4, 5)).astype("bool")}
+        self.attrs = {'expand_times': [2, 1, 4]}
+        output = np.tile(self.inputs['X'], (2, 1, 4))
+        self.outputs = {'Out': output}
+
+    def test_check_output(self):
+        self.check_output()
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_imperative.py

@@ -333,6 +333,18 @@ class TestImperative(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(np.allclose(dy_out, static_out))
         self.assertTrue(np.allclose(dy_grad, static_grad))
 
+        params = mlp.parameters(True)
+        self.assertEqual("FC_0.w_0", params[0].name)
+        self.assertEqual("FC_0.b_0", params[1].name)
+        self.assertEqual("FC_1.w_0", params[2].name)
+        self.assertEqual("FC_1.b_0", params[3].name)
+        self.assertEqual(len(params), 4)
+
+        sublayers = mlp.sublayers(True)
+        self.assertEqual(mlp._fc1, sublayers[0])
+        self.assertEqual(mlp._fc2, sublayers[1])
+        self.assertEqual(len(sublayers), 2)
+
     def test_rnn(self):
         np_inp = np.array([[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0], [7.0, 8.0, 9.0],
                            [10.0, 11.0, 12.0]])

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_imperative_gan.py

@@ -33,9 +33,6 @@ class Discriminator(fluid.imperative.Layer):
         self._fc1 = FC(size=32, act='elu', name="d_fc1")
         self._fc2 = FC(size=1, name="d_fc2")
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        return self._fc1.parameters() + self._fc2.parameters()
-
     def forward(self, inputs):
         x = self._fc1(inputs)
         return self._fc2(x)
@@ -48,10 +45,6 @@ class Generator(fluid.imperative.Layer):
         self._fc2 = FC(size=64, act='elu', name="g_fc2")
         self._fc3 = FC(size=1, name="g_fc3")
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        return self._fc1.parameters() + self._fc2.parameters(
-        ) + self._fc3.parameters()
-
     def forward(self, inputs):
         x = self._fc1(inputs)
         x = self._fc2(x)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_imperative_ptb_rnn.py

@@ -75,16 +75,6 @@ class SimpleLSTMRNN(fluid.imperative.Layer):
             self.hidden_array.append(pre_hidden)
             self.cell_array.append(pre_cell)
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        parameters = list()
-        for param in self.weight_1_arr:
-            parameters.append(param)
-        for param in self.weight_2_arr:
-            parameters.append(param)
-        for bias in self.bias_arr:
-            parameters.append(bias)
-        return parameters
-
     def forward(self, input_embedding, init_hidden=None, init_cell=None):
         res = []
         for index in range(self._num_steps):
@@ -177,12 +167,6 @@ class PtbModel(fluid.imperative.Layer):
     def _build_once(self, input, label, init_hidden, init_cell):
         pass
 
-    def parameters(self):
-        parameters = self.simple_lstm_rnn.parameters() + [
-            self.softmax_weight, self.softmax_bias
-        ] + self.embedding.parameters()
-        return parameters
-
     def forward(self, input, label, init_hidden, init_cell):
 
         init_h = fluid.layers.reshape(

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_imperative_resnet.py

@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 from paddle.fluid import core
 from paddle.fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper
-from paddle.fluid.optimizer import SGDOptimizer
 from paddle.fluid.imperative.nn import Conv2D, Pool2D, BatchNorm, FC
 from paddle.fluid.imperative.base import to_variable
 from test_imperative_base import new_program_scope
@@ -173,11 +172,13 @@ class ResNet(fluid.imperative.Layer):
         for block in range(len(depth)):
             shortcut = False
             for i in range(depth[block]):
-                bottleneck_block = BottleneckBlock(
-                    num_channels=num_channels,
-                    num_filters=num_filters[block],
-                    stride=2 if i == 0 and block != 0 else 1,
-                    shortcut=shortcut)
+                bottleneck_block = self.add_sublayer(
+                    'bb_%d_%d' % (block, i),
+                    BottleneckBlock(
+                        num_channels=num_channels,
+                        num_filters=num_filters[block],
+                        stride=2 if i == 0 and block != 0 else 1,
+                        shortcut=shortcut))
                 num_channels = bottleneck_block._num_channels_out
                 self.bottleneck_block_list.append(bottleneck_block)
                 shortcut = True
@@ -223,8 +224,7 @@ class TestImperativeResnet(unittest.TestCase):
                 batch_size=batch_size)
 
             dy_param_init_value = {}
-            for param in fluid.default_main_program().global_block(
-            ).all_parameters():
+            for param in resnet.parameters():
                 dy_param_init_value[param.name] = param._numpy()
 
             for batch_id, data in enumerate(train_reader()):
@@ -247,16 +247,14 @@ class TestImperativeResnet(unittest.TestCase):
                 dy_out = avg_loss._numpy()
 
                 if batch_id == 0:
-                    for param in fluid.default_main_program().global_block(
-                    ).all_parameters():
+                    for param in resnet.parameters():
                         if param.name not in dy_param_init_value:
                             dy_param_init_value[param.name] = param._numpy()
 
                 avg_loss._backward()
 
                 dy_grad_value = {}
-                for param in fluid.default_main_program().global_block(
-                ).all_parameters():
+                for param in resnet.parameters():
                     if not param.stop_gradient:
                         np_array = np.array(param._ivar._grad_ivar().value()
                                             .get_tensor())
@@ -267,8 +265,7 @@ class TestImperativeResnet(unittest.TestCase):
                 resnet.clear_gradients()
 
                 dy_param_value = {}
-                for param in fluid.default_main_program().global_block(
-                ).all_parameters():
+                for param in resnet.parameters():
                     dy_param_value[param.name] = param._numpy()
 
         with new_program_scope():
@@ -349,6 +346,7 @@ class TestImperativeResnet(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(np.allclose(static_out, dy_out))
 
         self.assertEqual(len(dy_param_init_value), len(static_param_init_value))
+
         for key, value in six.iteritems(static_param_init_value):
             self.assertTrue(np.allclose(value, dy_param_init_value[key]))
             self.assertTrue(np.isfinite(value.all()))

python/paddle/fluid/transpiler/memory_optimization_transpiler.py

@@ -355,6 +355,10 @@ class ControlFlowGraph(object):
                                                  is_forward).dtype()
                         cache_dtype = self._find_var(block_desc, cache_var,
                                                      is_forward).dtype()
+                        if x_dtype != cache_dtype:
+                            if PRINT_LOG:
+                                print("x_dtype and cache_dtype are different")
+                            continue
 
                         if not compare_shape(x_shape, cache_shape, level):
                             continue

python/paddle/utils/dump_v2_config.py

-# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-import collections
-
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.layers import LayerOutput
-from paddle.v2.layer import parse_network
-from paddle.proto import TrainerConfig_pb2
-
-__all__ = ["dump_v2_config"]
-
-
-def dump_v2_config(topology, save_path, binary=False):
-    """ Dump the network topology to a specified file.
-
-    This function is only used to dump network defined by using PaddlePaddle V2
-    APIs. This function will NOT dump configurations related to PaddlePaddle
-    optimizer.
-
-    :param topology: The output layers (can be more than one layers given in a
-                     Python List or Tuple) of the entire network. Using the
-                     specified layers (if more than one layer is given) as root,
-                     traversing back to the data layer(s), all the layers
-                     connected to the specified output layers will be dumped.
-                     Layers not connceted to the specified will not be dumped.
-    :type topology: LayerOutput|List|Tuple
-    :param save_path: The path to save the dumped network topology.
-    :type save_path: str
-    :param binary: Whether to dump the serialized network topology or not.
-                   The default value is false. NOTE that, if you call this
-                   function to generate network topology for PaddlePaddle C-API,
-                   a serialized version of network topology is required. When
-                   using PaddlePaddle C-API, this flag MUST be set to True.
-    :type binary: bool
-    """
-
-    if isinstance(topology, LayerOutput):
-        topology = [topology]
-    elif isinstance(topology, collections.Sequence):
-        for out_layer in topology:
-            assert isinstance(out_layer, LayerOutput), (
-                "The type of each element in the parameter topology "
-                "should be LayerOutput.")
-    else:
-        raise RuntimeError("Error input type for parameter topology.")
-
-    model_str = parse_network(topology)
-    with open(save_path, "w") as fout:
-        if binary:
-            fout.write(model_str.SerializeToString())
-        else:
-            fout.write(str(model_str))

python/paddle/utils/image_multiproc.py

-#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import os, sys
-import numpy as np
-from PIL import Image
-import six
-from six.moves import cStringIO as StringIO
-import multiprocessing
-import functools
-import itertools
-
-from paddle.utils.image_util import *
-from paddle.trainer.config_parser import logger
-
-try:
-    import cv2
-except ImportError:
-    logger.warning("OpenCV2 is not installed, using PIL to process")
-    cv2 = None
-
-__all__ = ["CvTransformer", "PILTransformer", "MultiProcessImageTransformer"]
-
-
-class CvTransformer(ImageTransformer):
-    """
-    CvTransformer used python-opencv to process image.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-            self,
-            min_size=None,
-            crop_size=None,
-            transpose=(2, 0, 1),  # transpose to C * H * W
-            channel_swap=None,
-            mean=None,
-            is_train=True,
-            is_color=True):
-        ImageTransformer.__init__(self, transpose, channel_swap, mean, is_color)
-        self.min_size = min_size
-        self.crop_size = crop_size
-        self.is_train = is_train
-
-    def resize(self, im, min_size):
-        row, col = im.shape[:2]
-        new_row, new_col = min_size, min_size
-        if row > col:
-            new_row = min_size * row / col
-        else:
-            new_col = min_size * col / row
-        im = cv2.resize(im, (new_row, new_col), interpolation=cv2.INTER_CUBIC)
-        return im
-
-    def crop_and_flip(self, im):
-        """
-        Return cropped image.
-        The size of the cropped image is inner_size * inner_size.
-        im: (H x W x K) ndarrays
-        """
-        row, col = im.shape[:2]
-        start_h, start_w = 0, 0
-        if self.is_train:
-            start_h = np.random.randint(0, row - self.crop_size + 1)
-            start_w = np.random.randint(0, col - self.crop_size + 1)
-        else:
-            start_h = (row - self.crop_size) / 2
-            start_w = (col - self.crop_size) / 2
-        end_h, end_w = start_h + self.crop_size, start_w + self.crop_size
-        if self.is_color:
-            im = im[start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w, :]
-        else:
-            im = im[start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w]
-        if (self.is_train) and (np.random.randint(2) == 0):
-            if self.is_color:
-                im = im[:, ::-1, :]
-            else:
-                im = im[:, ::-1]
-        return im
-
-    def transform(self, im):
-        im = self.resize(im, self.min_size)
-        im = self.crop_and_flip(im)
-        # transpose, swap channel, sub mean
-        im = im.astype('float32')
-        ImageTransformer.transformer(self, im)
-        return im
-
-    def load_image_from_string(self, data):
-        flag = cv2.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR if self.is_color else cv2.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE
-        im = cv2.imdecode(np.fromstring(data, np.uint8), flag)
-        return im
-
-    def transform_from_string(self, data):
-        im = self.load_image_from_string(data)
-        return self.transform(im)
-
-    def load_image_from_file(self, file):
-        flag = cv2.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_COLOR if self.is_color else cv2.CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE
-        im = cv2.imread(file, flag)
-        return im
-
-    def transform_from_file(self, file):
-        im = self.load_image_from_file(file)
-        return self.transform(im)
-
-
-class PILTransformer(ImageTransformer):
-    """
-    PILTransformer used PIL to process image.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(
-            self,
-            min_size=None,
-            crop_size=None,
-            transpose=(2, 0, 1),  # transpose to C * H * W
-            channel_swap=None,
-            mean=None,
-            is_train=True,
-            is_color=True):
-        ImageTransformer.__init__(self, transpose, channel_swap, mean, is_color)
-        self.min_size = min_size
-        self.crop_size = crop_size
-        self.is_train = is_train
-
-    def resize(self, im, min_size):
-        row, col = im.size[:2]
-        new_row, new_col = min_size, min_size
-        if row > col:
-            new_row = min_size * row / col
-        else:
-            new_col = min_size * col / row
-        im = im.resize((new_row, new_col), Image.ANTIALIAS)
-        return im
-
-    def crop_and_flip(self, im):
-        """
-        Return cropped image.
-        The size of the cropped image is inner_size * inner_size.
-        """
-        row, col = im.size[:2]
-        start_h, start_w = 0, 0
-        if self.is_train:
-            start_h = np.random.randint(0, row - self.crop_size + 1)
-            start_w = np.random.randint(0, col - self.crop_size + 1)
-        else:
-            start_h = (row - self.crop_size) / 2
-            start_w = (col - self.crop_size) / 2
-        end_h, end_w = start_h + self.crop_size, start_w + self.crop_size
-        im = im.crop((start_h, start_w, end_h, end_w))
-        if (self.is_train) and (np.random.randint(2) == 0):
-            im = im.transpose(Image.FLIP_LEFT_RIGHT)
-        return im
-
-    def transform(self, im):
-        im = self.resize(im, self.min_size)
-        im = self.crop_and_flip(im)
-        im = np.array(im, dtype=np.float32)  # convert to numpy.array
-        # transpose, swap channel, sub mean
-        ImageTransformer.transformer(self, im)
-        return im
-
-    def load_image_from_string(self, data):
-        im = Image.open(StringIO(data))
-        return im
-
-    def transform_from_string(self, data):
-        im = self.load_image_from_string(data)
-        return self.transform(im)
-
-    def load_image_from_file(self, file):
-        im = Image.open(file)
-        return im
-
-    def transform_from_file(self, file):
-        im = self.load_image_from_file(file)
-        return self.transform(im)
-
-
-def job(is_img_string, transformer, data_label_pack):
-    (data, label) = data_label_pack
-    if is_img_string:
-        return transformer.transform_from_string(data), label
-    else:
-        return transformer.transform_from_file(data), label
-
-
-class MultiProcessImageTransformer(object):
-    def __init__(self,
-                 procnum=10,
-                 resize_size=None,
-                 crop_size=None,
-                 transpose=(2, 0, 1),
-                 channel_swap=None,
-                 mean=None,
-                 is_train=True,
-                 is_color=True,
-                 is_img_string=True):
-        """
-        Processing image with multi-process. If it is used in PyDataProvider,
-        the simple usage for CNN is as follows:
-
-        .. code-block:: python
-
-            def hool(settings, is_train,  **kwargs):
-                settings.is_train = is_train
-                settings.mean_value = np.array([103.939,116.779,123.68], dtype=np.float32)
-                settings.input_types = [
-                    dense_vector(3 * 224 * 224),
-                    integer_value(1)]
-                settings.transformer = MultiProcessImageTransformer(
-                    procnum=10,
-                    resize_size=256,
-                    crop_size=224,
-                    transpose=(2, 0, 1),
-                    mean=settings.mean_values,
-                    is_train=settings.is_train)
-
-
-            @provider(init_hook=hook, pool_size=20480)
-            def process(settings, file_list):
-                with open(file_list, 'r') as fdata:
-                    for line in fdata:
-                        data_dic = np.load(line.strip()) # load the data batch pickled by Pickle.
-                        data = data_dic['data']
-                        labels = data_dic['label']
-                        labels = np.array(labels, dtype=np.float32)
-                        for im, lab in settings.dp.run(data, labels):
-                            yield [im.astype('float32'), int(lab)]
-
-        :param procnum: processor number.
-        :type procnum: int
-        :param resize_size: the shorter edge size of image after resizing.
-        :type resize_size: int
-        :param crop_size: the croping size.
-        :type crop_size: int
-        :param transpose: the transpose order, Paddle only allow C * H * W order.
-        :type transpose: tuple or list
-        :param channel_swap: the channel swap order, RGB or BRG.
-        :type channel_swap: tuple or list
-        :param mean: the mean values of image, per-channel mean or element-wise mean.
-        :type mean: array, The dimension is 1 for per-channel mean.
-                    The dimension is 3 for element-wise mean.
-        :param is_train: training peroid or testing peroid.
-        :type is_train: bool.
-        :param is_color: the image is color or gray.
-        :type is_color: bool.
-        :param is_img_string: The input can be the file name of image or image string.
-        :type is_img_string: bool.
-        """
-
-        self.procnum = procnum
-        self.pool = multiprocessing.Pool(procnum)
-        self.is_img_string = is_img_string
-        if cv2 is not None:
-            self.transformer = CvTransformer(resize_size, crop_size, transpose,
-                                             channel_swap, mean, is_train,
-                                             is_color)
-        else:
-            self.transformer = PILTransformer(resize_size, crop_size, transpose,
-                                              channel_swap, mean, is_train,
-                                              is_color)
-
-    def run(self, data, label):
-        fun = functools.partial(job, self.is_img_string, self.transformer)
-        return self.pool.imap_unordered(
-            fun, six.moves.zip(data, label), chunksize=100 * self.procnum)

python/paddle/utils/make_model_diagram.py

-# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# Generate dot diagram file for the given paddle model config
-# The generated file can be viewed using Graphviz (http://graphviz.org)
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import six
-import sys
-import traceback
-
-from paddle.trainer.config_parser import parse_config
-
-
-def make_layer_label(layer_config):
-    label = '%s type=%s' % (layer_config.name, layer_config.type)
-    if layer_config.reversed:
-        label += ' <=='
-
-    label2 = ''
-    if layer_config.active_type:
-        label2 += 'act=%s ' % layer_config.active_type
-    if layer_config.bias_parameter_name:
-        label2 += 'bias=%s ' % layer_config.bias_parameter_name
-
-    if label2:
-        label += '\l' + label2
-    return label
-
-
-def make_diagram(config_file, dot_file, config_arg_str):
-    config = parse_config(config_file, config_arg_str)
-    make_diagram_from_proto(config.model_config, dot_file)
-
-
-def make_diagram_from_proto(model_config, dot_file):
-    # print >> sys.stderr, config
-    name2id = {}
-    f = open(dot_file, 'w')
-    submodel_layers = set()
-
-    def make_link(link):
-        return 'l%s -> l%s;' % (name2id[link.layer_name],
-                                name2id[link.link_name])
-
-    def make_mem(mem):
-        s = ''
-        if mem.boot_layer_name:
-            s += 'l%s -> l%s;\n' % (name2id[mem.boot_layer_name],
-                                    name2id[mem.layer_name])
-        s += 'l%s -> l%s [style=dashed];' % (name2id[mem.layer_name],
-                                             name2id[mem.link_name])
-        return s
-
-    print('digraph graphname {', file=f)
-    print('node [width=0.375,height=0.25];', file=f)
-    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
-        l = model_config.layers[i]
-        name2id[l.name] = i
-
-    i = 0
-    for sub_model in model_config.sub_models:
-        if sub_model.name == 'root':
-            continue
-        print('subgraph cluster_%s {' % i, file=f)
-        print('style=dashed;', file=f)
-        label = '%s ' % sub_model.name
-        if sub_model.reversed:
-            label += '<=='
-        print('label = "%s";' % label, file=f)
-        i += 1
-        submodel_layers.add(sub_model.name)
-        for layer_name in sub_model.layer_names:
-            submodel_layers.add(layer_name)
-            lid = name2id[layer_name]
-            layer_config = model_config.layers[lid]
-            label = make_layer_label(layer_config)
-            print('l%s [label="%s", shape=box];' % (lid, label), file=f)
-        print('}', file=f)
-
-    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
-        l = model_config.layers[i]
-        if l.name not in submodel_layers:
-            label = make_layer_label(l)
-            print('l%s [label="%s", shape=box];' % (i, label), file=f)
-
-    for sub_model in model_config.sub_models:
-        if sub_model.name == 'root':
-            continue
-        for link in sub_model.in_links:
-            print(make_link(link), file=f)
-        for link in sub_model.out_links:
-            print(make_link(link), file=f)
-        for mem in sub_model.memories:
-            print(make_mem(mem), file=f)
-
-    for i in six.moves.xrange(len(model_config.layers)):
-        for l in model_config.layers[i].inputs:
-            print(
-                'l%s -> l%s [label="%s"];' % (name2id[l.input_layer_name], i,
-                                              l.input_parameter_name),
-                file=f)
-
-    print('}', file=f)
-    f.close()
-
-
-def usage():
-    print(
-        ("Usage: python show_model_diagram.py" +
-         " CONFIG_FILE DOT_FILE [config_str]"),
-        file=sys.stderr)
-    exit(1)
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    if len(sys.argv) < 3 or len(sys.argv) > 4:
-        usage()
-
-    config_file = sys.argv[1]
-    dot_file = sys.argv[2]
-    config_arg_str = sys.argv[3] if len(sys.argv) == 4 else ''
-
-    try:
-        make_diagram(config_file, dot_file, config_arg_str)
-    except:
-        traceback.print_exc()
-        raise

python/paddle/utils/merge_model.py

-# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import gzip
-import struct
-import os
-
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers.layers import LayerOutput
-from paddle.v2.parameters import Parameters
-from paddle.proto import ModelConfig_pb2
-from paddle.v2.topology import Topology
-
-
-def merge_v2_model(net, param_file, output_file):
-    '''Merge the model config and parameters into one file.
-
-    The model configuration file describes the model structure which
-    ends with .py. The parameters file stores the parameters of the model
-    which ends with .tar.gz.
-
-    @param  net            The output layer of the network for inference.
-    @param  param_file     Path of the parameters (.tar.gz) which is stored by
-                           v2 api.
-    @param  output_file    Path of the merged file which will be generated.
-
-    Usage:
-
-        from paddle.utils.merge_model import merge_v2_model
-        # import your network configuration
-        from example_net import net_conf
-
-        net = net_conf(is_predict=True)
-        param_file = './param_pass_00000.tar.gz'
-        output_file = './output.paddle'
-
-        merge_v2_model(net, param_file, output_file)
-
-    '''
-
-    assert isinstance(net, LayerOutput), \
-            "The net should be the output of the network for inference"
-    assert os.path.exists(param_file), \
-            "The model parameters file %s does not exists " % (param_file)
-
-    model_proto = Topology(net).proto()
-    assert isinstance(model_proto, ModelConfig_pb2.ModelConfig)
-
-    with gzip.open(param_file) as f:
-        params = Parameters.from_tar(f)
-
-    if os.path.exists(output_file):
-        os.remove(output_file)
-
-    with open(output_file, 'w') as f:
-        param_names = [param.name for param in model_proto.parameters]
-        conf_str = model_proto.SerializeToString()
-        f.write(struct.pack('q', len(conf_str)))
-        f.write(conf_str)
-        for pname in param_names:
-            params.serialize(pname, f)
-
-    print('Generate  %s  success!' % (output_file))

python/paddle/utils/predefined_net.py

-# Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-import numpy as np
-import six
-import os
-from paddle.trainer.config_parser import *
-from paddle.utils.preprocess_img import \
-    ImageClassificationDatasetCreater
-from paddle.trainer_config_helpers import *
-
-
-def image_data(data_dir,
-               processed_image_size,
-               overwrite=False,
-               color=True,
-               train_list="batches/train.list",
-               test_list="batches/test.list",
-               meta_file="batches/batches.meta",
-               use_jpeg=1):
-    """
-    Predefined image data provider for image classification.
-    train_list: a text file containing a list of training batches.
-    test_list: a text file containing a list of test batches.
-    processed_image_size: all the input images will be resized into this size.
-       If the image is not square. Then the shorter edge will be resized into
-       this size, and the aspect ratio is kept the same.
-    color: whether the images are color or gray.
-    meta_path: the path of the meta file that stores the mean image file and
-               other dataset information, such as the size of images,
-               the size of the mean image, the number of classes.
-    async_load_data: whether to load image data asynchronuously.
-    """
-    data_creator = ImageClassificationDatasetCreater(
-        data_dir, processed_image_size, color)
-    batch_data_dir = data_dir
-    train_list = os.path.join(batch_data_dir, train_list)
-    test_list = os.path.join(batch_data_dir, test_list)
-    meta_path = os.path.join(batch_data_dir, meta_file)
-    image_size = processed_image_size
-    conf = np.load(meta_path)
-    mean_image_size = conf["mean_image_size"]
-    is_color = conf["color"]
-    num_classes = conf["num_classes"]
-    color_string = "color" if is_color else "gray"
-
-    args = {
-        'meta': meta_path,
-        'mean_img_size': mean_image_size,
-        'img_size': image_size,
-        'num_classes': num_classes,
-        'use_jpeg': use_jpeg != 0,
-        'color': color_string
-    }
-
-    define_py_data_sources2(
-        train_list,
-        test_list,
-        module='image_provider',
-        obj='processData',
-        args=args)
-    return {
-        "image_size": image_size,
-        "num_classes": num_classes,
-        "is_color": is_color
-    }
-
-
-def get_extra_layer_attr(drop_rate):
-    if drop_rate == 0:
-        return None
-    else:
-        return ExtraLayerAttribute(drop_rate=drop_rate)
-
-
-def image_data_layers(image_size, num_classes, is_color=False,
-                      is_predict=False):
-    """
-    Data layers for image classification.
-    image_size: image size.
-    num_classes: num of classes.
-    is_color: whether the input images are color.
-    is_predict: whether the network is used for prediction.
-    """
-    num_image_channels = 3 if is_color else 1
-    data_input = data_layer("input",
-                            image_size * image_size * num_image_channels)
-    if is_predict:
-        return data_input, None, num_image_channels
-    else:
-        label_input = data_layer("label", 1)
-        return data_input, label_input, num_image_channels
-
-
-def simple_conv_net(data_conf, is_color=False):
-    """
-    A Wrapper for a simple network for MNIST digit recognition.
-    It contains two convolutional layers, one fully conencted layer, and
-    one softmax layer.
-    data_conf is a dictionary with the following keys:
-        image_size: image size.
-        num_classes: num of classes.
-        is_color: whether the input images are color.
-    """
-    for k, v in six.iteritems(data_conf):
-        globals()[k] = v
-    data_input, label_input, num_image_channels = \
-        image_data_layers(image_size, num_classes, is_color, is_predict)
-    filter_sizes = [5, 5]
-    num_channels = [32, 64]
-    strides = [1, 1]
-    fc_dims = [500]
-    conv_bn_pool1 = img_conv_bn_pool(
-        name="g1",
-        input=data_input,
-        filter_size=filter_sizes[0],
-        num_channel=num_image_channels,
-        num_filters=num_channels[0],
-        conv_stride=1,
-        conv_padding=0,
-        pool_size=3,
-        pool_stride=2,
-        act=ReluActivation())
-    conv_bn_pool2 = img_conv_bn_pool(
-        name="g2",
-        input=conv_bn_pool1,
-        filter_size=filter_sizes[1],
-        num_channel=num_channels[0],
-        num_filters=num_channels[1],
-        conv_stride=1,
-        conv_padding=0,
-        pool_size=3,
-        pool_stride=2,
-        act=ReluActivation())
-    fc3 = fc_layer(
-        name="fc3", input=conv_bn_pool2, dim=fc_dims[0], act=ReluActivation())
-    fc3_dropped = dropout_layer(name="fc3_dropped", input=fc3, dropout_rate=0.5)
-    output = fc_layer(
-        name="output",
-        input=fc3_dropped,
-        dim=fc_dims[0],
-        act=SoftmaxActivation())
-    if is_predict:
-        end_of_network(output)
-    else:
-        cost = classify(name="cost", input=output, label=label_input)
-        end_of_network(cost)
-
-
-def conv_layer_group(prefix_num,
-                     num_layers,
-                     input,
-                     input_channels,
-                     output_channels,
-                     drop_rates=[],
-                     strides=[],
-                     with_bn=[]):
-    """
-    A set of convolution layers, and batch normalization layers,
-    followed by one pooling layer.
-    It is utilized in VGG network for image classifcation.
-    prefix_num: the prefix number of the layer names.
-                For example, if prefix_num = 1, the first convolutioal layer's
-                name will be conv_1_1.
-    num_layers: number of the convolutional layers.
-    input: the name of the input layer.
-    input_channels: the number of channels of the input feature map.
-    output_channels: the number of channels of the output feature map.
-    drop_rates: the drop rates of the BN layers. It will be all zero by default.
-    strides: the stride of the convolution for the layers.
-             It will be all 1 by  default.
-    with_bn: whether to use Batch Normalization for Conv layers.
-             By default,  it is all false.
-    """
-    if len(drop_rates) == 0: drop_rates = [0] * num_layers
-    if len(strides) == 0: strides = [1] * num_layers
-    if len(with_bn) == 0: with_bn = [False] * num_layers
-    assert (len(drop_rates) == num_layers)
-    assert (len(strides) == num_layers)
-
-    for i in range(1, num_layers + 1):
-        if i == 1:
-            i_conv_in = input
-        else:
-            i_conv_in = group_output
-        i_channels_conv = input_channels if i == 1 else output_channels
-        conv_act = LinearActivation() if with_bn[i - 1] else ReluActivation()
-        conv_output = img_conv_layer(
-            name="conv%d_%d" % (prefix_num, i),
-            input=i_conv_in,
-            filter_size=3,
-            num_channels=i_channels_conv,
-            num_filters=output_channels,
-            stride=strides[i - 1],
-            padding=1,
-            act=conv_act)
-        if with_bn[i - 1]:
-            bn = batch_norm_layer(
-                name="conv%d_%d_bn" % (prefix_num, i),
-                input=conv_output,
-                num_channels=output_channels,
-                act=ReluActivation(),
-                layer_attr=get_extra_layer_attr(drop_rate=drop_rates[i - 1]))
-            group_output = bn
-        else:
-            group_output = conv_output
-    pool = img_pool_layer(
-        name="pool%d" % prefix_num,
-        input=group_output,
-        pool_size=2,
-        num_channels=output_channels,
-        stride=2)
-    return pool
-
-
-def vgg_conv_net(image_size,
-                 num_classes,
-                 num_layers,
-                 channels,
-                 strides,
-                 with_bn,
-                 fc_dims,
-                 drop_rates,
-                 drop_rates_fc=[],
-                 is_color=True,
-                 is_predict=False):
-    """
-    A Wrapper for a VGG network for image classification.
-    It is a set of convolutional groups followed by several fully
-    connected layers, and a cross-entropy classifiation loss.
-    The detailed architecture of the paper can be found here:
-      Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Visual Recognition
-      http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/research/very_deep/
-    image_size: image size.
-    num_classes: num of classes.
-    num_layers: the number of layers for all the convolution groups.
-    channels: the number of output filters for all the convolution groups.
-    with_bn: whether each layer of a convolution group is followed by a
-    batch normalization.
-    drop_rates: the dropout rates for all the convolutional layers.
-    fc_dims: the dimension for all the fully connected layers.
-    is_color: whether the input images are color.
-    """
-    data_input, label_input, num_image_channels = \
-        image_data_layers(image_size, num_classes, is_color, is_predict)
-    assert (len(num_layers) == len(channels))
-    assert (len(num_layers) == len(strides))
-    assert (len(num_layers) == len(with_bn))
-    num_fc_layers = len(fc_dims)
-    assert (num_fc_layers + 1 == len(drop_rates_fc))
-
-    for i in range(len(num_layers)):
-        input_layer = data_input if i == 0 else group_output
-        input_channels = 3 if i == 0 else channels[i - 1]
-        group_output = conv_layer_group(
-            prefix_num=i + 1,
-            num_layers=num_layers[i],
-            input=input_layer,
-            input_channels=input_channels,
-            output_channels=channels[i],
-            drop_rates=drop_rates[i],
-            strides=strides[i],
-            with_bn=with_bn[i])
-    conv_output_name = group_output
-    if drop_rates_fc[0] != 0.0:
-        dropped_pool_name = "pool_dropped"
-        conv_output_name = dropout_layer(
-            name=dropped_pool_name,
-            input=conv_output_name,
-            dropout_rate=drop_rates_fc[0])
-    for i in range(len(fc_dims)):
-        input_layer_name = conv_output_name if i == 0 else fc_output
-        active_type = LinearActivation() if i == len(
-            fc_dims) - 1 else ReluActivation()
-        drop_rate = 0.0 if i == len(fc_dims) - 1 else drop_rates_fc[i + 1]
-        fc_output = fc_layer(
-            name="fc%d" % (i + 1),
-            input=input_layer_name,
-            size=fc_dims[i],
-            act=active_type,
-            layer_attr=get_extra_layer_attr(drop_rate))
-    bn = batch_norm_layer(
-        name="fc_bn",
-        input=fc_output,
-        num_channels=fc_dims[len(fc_dims) - 1],
-        act=ReluActivation(),
-        layer_attr=get_extra_layer_attr(drop_rate=drop_rates_fc[-1]))
-    output = fc_layer(
-        name="output", input=bn, size=num_classes, act=SoftmaxActivation())
-    if is_predict:
-        outputs(output)
-    else:
-        cost = classification_cost(name="cost", input=output, label=label_input)
-        outputs(cost)
-
-
-def vgg16_conv_net(image_size, num_classes, is_color=True, is_predict=False):
-    """
-    A Wrapper for a 16 layers VGG network for image classification.
-    The detailed architecture of the paper can be found here:
-      Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Visual Recognition
-      http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~vgg/research/very_deep/
-    image_size: image size.
-    num_classes: num of classes.
-    is_color: whether the input images are color.
-    """
-    vgg_conv_net(image_size, num_classes,
-                 num_layers=[2, 2, 3, 3, 3],
-                 channels=[64, 128, 256, 512, 512],
-                 strides=[[], [], [], [], []],
-                 with_bn=[[False, True], [False, True], [False, False, True], \
-                          [False, False, True], [False, False, True]],
-                 drop_rates=[[]] * 5,
-                 drop_rates_fc=[0.0, 0.5, 0.5],
-                 fc_dims=[4096, 4096],
-                 is_predict=is_predict)
-
-
-def small_vgg(data_conf, is_predict=False):
-    """
-    A Wrapper for a small VGG network for CIFAR-10 image classification.
-    The detailed architecture of the paper can be found here:
-      92.45% on CIFAR-10 in Torch
-      http://torch.ch/blog/2015/07/30/cifar.html
-    Due to the constraints of CuDNN, it only has four convolutional groups
-    rather than five.
-    Thus, it only achieves 91.2% test accuracy and 98.1% training accuracy.
-    data_conf is a dictionary with the following keys:
-        image_size: image size.
-        num_classes: num of classes.
-        is_color: whether the input images are color.
-    """
-    for k, v in six.iteritems(data_conf):
-        globals()[k] = v
-    vgg_conv_net(image_size, num_classes,
-                 num_layers=[2, 2, 3, 3],
-                 channels=[64, 128, 256, 512],
-                 strides=[[], [], [], []],
-                 with_bn=[[True, True], [True, True], [True, True, True], \
-                          [True, True, True]],
-                 drop_rates=[[0.3, 0.0], [0.4, 0.0],
-                             [0.4, 0.4, 0.0], [0.4, 0.4, 0.0]],
-                 drop_rates_fc=[0.5, 0.5],
-                 fc_dims=[512],
-                 is_predict=is_predict)
-
-
-def training_settings(learning_rate=0.1,
-                      batch_size=128,
-                      algorithm="sgd",
-                      momentum=0.9,
-                      decay_rate=0.001):
-    """
-    Training settings.
-    learning_rate: learning rate of the training.
-    batch_size: the size of each training batch.
-    algorithm: training algorithm, can be
-       - sgd
-       - adagrad
-       - adadelta
-       - rmsprop
-    momentum: momentum of the training algorithm.
-    decay_rate: weight decay rate.
-    """
-    Settings(
-        algorithm=algorithm,
-        batch_size=batch_size,
-        learning_rate=learning_rate / float(batch_size))
-    default_momentum(momentum)
-    default_decay_rate(decay_rate * batch_size)