# Copyright (c) 2020 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from paddle.optimizer import Optimizer from paddle.fluid import core, framework, layers from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, Variable from paddle.fluid.layer_helper import LayerHelper import paddle import numpy as np from paddle.fluid.dygraph import base as imperative_base from paddle.fluid.wrapped_decorator import signature_safe_contextmanager from paddle import _C_ops, _legacy_C_ops from paddle.fluid.framework import in_dygraph_mode __all__ = [] class ModelAverage(Optimizer): r""" The ModelAverage optimizer accumulates specific continuous historical parameters during training. The accumulated historical range can be controlled by the passed ``average_window_rate`` argument. The averaged ``Parameter`` are used in the prediction, which usually can improve the accuracy of the prediction. Accumulate the average of the ``Parameter`` in the sliding window, the result will be saved in a temporary variable, can be applied to the current model's ``Parameter`` by calling the ``apply()`` method, and the current model ``Parameter`` can be restored by calling the ``restore()`` method. The window size for calculating the average is determined by ``average_window_rate``, ``min_average_window``, ``max_average_window`` and the current ``Parameter`` update times (num_updates). When the cumulative times (num_accumulates) is greater than the specific window threshold (average_window), the accumulated ``Parameter`` temporary variable is set to 0.0. The following example will help to understand the role of these arguments: :: if num_accumulates >= min_average_window and num_accumulates >= min(max_average_window, num_updates * average_window_rate): num_accumulates = 0 In the above conditional judgment statement, ``num_accumulates`` indicates the current accumulated number, which can be abstractly understood as the length of the cumulative window. The length of the window must be at least the length set by the ``min_average_window`` argument, and cannot exceed the length specified by the ``max_average_window`` argument or ``num_updates * average_window_rate``, where ``num_updates`` indicates the current ``Parameter`` update times, ``average_window_rate`` is a coefficient that calculates the length of the window. Args: average_window_rate (float): The calculate ratio of the window length relative to ``Parameter`` update times. parameters (list, optional): List of ``Tensor`` names to update to minimize ``loss``. \ This parameter is required in dygraph mode. \ The default value is None in static mode, at this time all parameters will be updated. min_average_window (int, optional): the minimum size of average window length. The default value is 10000. max_average_window (int, optional): The maximum size of average window length. The default value is 10000. name (str, optional): Normally there is no need for user to set this property. For more information, please refer to :ref:`api_guide_Name`. The default value is None. Examples: .. code-block:: python import numpy as np import paddle import paddle.nn as nn import paddle.optimizer as opt BATCH_SIZE = 16 BATCH_NUM = 4 EPOCH_NUM = 4 IMAGE_SIZE = 784 CLASS_NUM = 10 # define a random dataset class RandomDataset(paddle.io.Dataset): def __init__(self, num_samples): self.num_samples = num_samples def __getitem__(self, idx): image = np.random.random([IMAGE_SIZE]).astype('float32') label = np.random.randint(0, CLASS_NUM - 1, (1, )).astype('int64') return image, label def __len__(self): return self.num_samples class LinearNet(nn.Layer): def __init__(self): super(LinearNet, self).__init__() self._linear = nn.Linear(IMAGE_SIZE, CLASS_NUM) self.bias = self._linear.bias @paddle.jit.to_static def forward(self, x): return self._linear(x) def train(layer, loader, loss_fn, opt, model_average): for epoch_id in range(EPOCH_NUM): for batch_id, (image, label) in enumerate(loader()): out = layer(image) loss = loss_fn(out, label) loss.backward() opt.step() model_average.step() opt.clear_grad() model_average.clear_grad() print("Train Epoch {} batch {}: loss = {}, bias = {}".format( epoch_id, batch_id, np.mean(loss.numpy()), layer.bias.numpy())) def evaluate(layer, loader, loss_fn): for batch_id, (image, label) in enumerate(loader()): out = layer(image) loss = loss_fn(out, label) loss.backward() print("Evaluate batch {}: loss = {}, bias = {}".format( batch_id, np.mean(loss.numpy()), layer.bias.numpy())) # create network layer = LinearNet() loss_fn = nn.CrossEntropyLoss() optimizer = opt.Momentum(learning_rate=0.2, momentum=0.1, parameters=layer.parameters()) model_average = paddle.incubate.ModelAverage(0.15, parameters=layer.parameters(), min_average_window=2, max_average_window=10) # create data loader dataset = RandomDataset(BATCH_NUM * BATCH_SIZE) loader = paddle.io.DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, drop_last=True, num_workers=2) # create data loader eval_loader = paddle.io.DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True, drop_last=True, num_workers=1) # train train(layer, loader, loss_fn, optimizer, model_average) print("\nEvaluate With ModelAverage") with model_average.apply(need_restore=False): evaluate(layer, eval_loader, loss_fn) print("\nEvaluate With Restored Paramters") model_average.restore() evaluate(layer, eval_loader, loss_fn) """ def __init__( self, average_window_rate, parameters=None, min_average_window=10000, max_average_window=10000, name=None, ): super(ModelAverage, self).__init__( learning_rate=0.0, parameters=parameters, weight_decay=None, grad_clip=None, name=name, ) self.helper = LayerHelper(self.__class__.__name__) self.average_window = average_window_rate self.min_average_window = min_average_window self.max_average_window = max_average_window self.type = "average_accumulates" if not framework._non_static_mode(): global_block = framework.default_main_program().global_block() all_parameters = ( parameters if parameters else global_block.all_parameters() ) self._create_accumulators(global_block, all_parameters) for param in all_parameters: self._append_optimize_op(global_block, [param, None]) self.apply_program = Program() block = self.apply_program.global_block() with framework.program_guard(main_program=self.apply_program): for param in all_parameters: self._add_average_apply_op(block, param) self.restore_program = Program() block = self.restore_program.global_block() with framework.program_guard(main_program=self.restore_program): for param in all_parameters: self._add_average_restore_op(block, param) def _create_accumulators(self, block, parameters): assert isinstance(block, framework.Block) for param in parameters: self._add_accumulator('sum_1', param) self._add_accumulator('sum_2', param) self._add_accumulator('sum_3', param) self._add_accumulator('restore', param) self._add_accumulator( 'num_accumulates', param, dtype='int64', shape=[1] ) self._add_accumulator( 'old_num_accumulates', param, dtype='int64', shape=[1] ) self._add_accumulator( 'num_updates', param, dtype='int64', shape=[1] ) def _append_optimize_op(self, block, param_and_grad): assert isinstance(block, framework.Block) sum_1 = self._get_accumulator('sum_1', param_and_grad[0]) sum_2 = self._get_accumulator('sum_2', param_and_grad[0]) sum_3 = self._get_accumulator('sum_3', param_and_grad[0]) num_accumulates = self._get_accumulator( 'num_accumulates', param_and_grad[0] ) old_num_accumulates = self._get_accumulator( 'old_num_accumulates', param_and_grad[0] ) num_updates = self._get_accumulator('num_updates', param_and_grad[0]) if in_dygraph_mode(): _, _, _, _, _, _ = _C_ops.average_accumulates_( param_and_grad[0], sum_1, sum_2, sum_3, num_accumulates, old_num_accumulates, num_updates, self.average_window, self.max_average_window, self.min_average_window, ) return None elif framework._non_static_mode(): _, _, _, _, _, _ = _legacy_C_ops.average_accumulates( param_and_grad[0], sum_1, sum_2, sum_3, num_accumulates, old_num_accumulates, num_updates, sum_1, sum_2, sum_3, num_accumulates, old_num_accumulates, num_updates, 'average_window', self.average_window, 'min_average_window', self.min_average_window, 'max_average_window', self.max_average_window, ) return None block = framework.default_main_program().global_block() attrs = { "average_window": self.average_window, "min_average_window": self.min_average_window, "max_average_window": self.max_average_window, } inputs = { "param": param_and_grad[0], "in_sum_1": sum_1, "in_sum_2": sum_2, "in_sum_3": sum_3, "in_num_accumulates": num_accumulates, "in_old_num_accumulates": old_num_accumulates, "in_num_updates": num_updates, } outputs = { "out_sum_1": sum_1, "out_sum_2": sum_2, "out_sum_3": sum_3, "out_num_accumulates": num_accumulates, "out_old_num_accumulates": old_num_accumulates, "out_num_updates": num_updates, } average_accumulates_op = block.append_op( type=self.type, inputs=inputs, outputs=outputs, attrs=attrs, stop_gradient=True, ) return average_accumulates_op @imperative_base.no_grad def minimize( self, loss, startup_program=None, parameters=None, no_grad_set=None ): """ Add operations to minimize ``loss`` by updating ``parameters``. Args: loss (Tensor): A ``Tensor`` containing the value to minimize. startup_program (Program, optional): :ref:`api_fluid_Program` for initializing parameters in ``parameters``. The default value is None, at this time :ref:`api_fluid_default_startup_program` will be used. parameters (list, optional): List of ``Tensor`` or ``Tensor.name`` to update to minimize ``loss``. The default value is None, at this time all parameters will be updated. no_grad_set (set, optional): Set of ``Tensor`` or ``Tensor.name`` that don't need to be updated. The default value is None. Returns: tuple: tuple (optimize_ops, params_grads), A list of operators appended by minimize and a list of (param, grad) tensor pairs, param is ``Parameter``, grad is the gradient value corresponding to the parameter. In static graph mode, the returned tuple can be passed to ``fetch_list`` in ``Executor.run()`` to indicate program pruning. If so, the program will be pruned by ``feed`` and ``fetch_list`` before run, see details in ``Executor``. Examples: .. code-block:: python import paddle import numpy as np inp = paddle.to_tensor(np.random.random([1, 10]).astype('float32')) linear = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 1) out = linear(inp) loss = paddle.mean(out) loss.backward() sgd = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.1,parameters=linear.parameters()) sgd.minimize(loss) modelaverage = paddle.incubate.ModelAverage(0.15, parameters=linear.parameters(), min_average_window=2, max_average_window=4) modelaverage.minimize(loss) sgd.clear_grad() modelaverage.clear_grad() """ if framework._non_static_mode(): self.step() @framework.dygraph_only @imperative_base.no_grad def step(self): """ Execute the optimizer and update parameters once. Returns: None Examples: .. code-block:: python import paddle import numpy as np inp = paddle.to_tensor(np.random.random([1, 10]).astype('float32')) linear = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 1) out = linear(inp) loss = paddle.mean(out) sgd = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.1,parameters=linear.parameters()) modelaverage = paddle.incubate.ModelAverage(0.15, parameters=linear.parameters(), min_average_window=2, max_average_window=4) loss.backward() sgd.step() modelaverage.step() sgd.clear_grad() modelaverage.clear_grad() """ params_grads = [] for param in self._parameter_list: if not param.trainable: continue if param._grad_ivar() is not None: grad_var = param._grad_ivar() params_grads.append((param, grad_var)) block = framework.default_main_program().global_block() self._create_accumulators(block, self._parameter_list) for param_and_grad in params_grads: self._append_optimize_op(block, param_and_grad) @signature_safe_contextmanager @imperative_base.no_grad def apply(self, executor=None, need_restore=True): """ Apply the average of the cumulative ``Parameter`` to the parameters of the current model. Args: executor(Executor): The network executor in static-graph mode. The default value is None in dygraph mode. need_restore(bool): Restore flag variable, if set to True, the network will restore the parameters of the network to the default value, if set to False, it will not be restored. The default value is True. Examples: .. code-block:: python import paddle import numpy as np inp = paddle.to_tensor(np.random.random([1, 10]).astype('float32')) linear = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 1) out = linear(inp) loss = paddle.mean(out) loss.backward() sgd = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.1,parameters=linear.parameters()) modelaverage = paddle.incubate.ModelAverage(0.15, parameters=linear.parameters(), min_average_window=2, max_average_window=4) sgd.step() modelaverage.step() with modelaverage.apply(): for param in linear.parameters(): print(param) for param in linear.parameters(): print(param) """ if framework._non_static_mode(): for param in self._parameter_list: num_accumulates = self._get_accumulator( 'num_accumulates', param ) old_num_accumulates = self._get_accumulator( 'old_num_accumulates', param ) sum_1 = self._get_accumulator('sum_1', param) sum_2 = self._get_accumulator('sum_2', param) sum_3 = self._get_accumulator('sum_3', param) param_restore = self._get_accumulator('restore', param) paddle.assign(param, param_restore) total_param = sum_1 + sum_2 + sum_3 total_accumulates = num_accumulates + old_num_accumulates total_param = paddle.cast(total_param, dtype='float32') total_accumulates = paddle.cast( total_accumulates, dtype='float32' ) average_param = total_param / total_accumulates paddle.assign(average_param, param) try: yield finally: if need_restore: self.restore() return if executor is None: raise RuntimeError( "Executor should not be None in static graph mode." ) executor.run(self.apply_program) try: yield finally: if need_restore: self.restore(executor) @imperative_base.no_grad def restore(self, executor=None): """ Restore ``Parameter`` values of current model. Args: executor(Executor): The network executor in static-graph mode. The default value is None in dygraph mode Examples: .. code-block:: python import paddle import numpy as np inp = paddle.to_tensor(np.random.random([1, 10]).astype('float32')) linear = paddle.nn.Linear(10, 1) out = linear(inp) loss = paddle.mean(out) loss.backward() sgd = paddle.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.1,parameters=linear.parameters()) modelaverage = paddle.incubate.ModelAverage(0.15, parameters=linear.parameters(), min_average_window=2, max_average_window=4) sgd.step() modelaverage.step() with modelaverage.apply(need_restore=False): for param in linear.parameters(): print(param) for param in linear.parameters(): print(param) modelaverage.restore() for param in linear.parameters(): print(param) """ if framework._non_static_mode(): for param in self._parameter_list: param_restore = self._get_accumulator('restore', param) paddle.assign(param_restore, param) return if executor is None: raise RuntimeError( "Executor should not be None in static graph mode." ) executor.run(self.restore_program) def _add_average_apply_op(self, block, param): param = block._clone_variable(param) grad = block._clone_variable(self._get_accumulator('restore', param)) sum_1 = block._clone_variable(self._get_accumulator('sum_1', param)) sum_2 = block._clone_variable(self._get_accumulator('sum_2', param)) sum_3 = block._clone_variable(self._get_accumulator('sum_3', param)) num_accumulates = block._clone_variable( self._get_accumulator('num_accumulates', param) ) old_num_accumulates = block._clone_variable( self._get_accumulator('old_num_accumulates', param) ) # backup param value to grad layers.assign(input=param, output=grad) # param = (sum_1 + sum_2 + sum_3) / (num_accumulates + old_num_accumulates) tmp = layers.sum(x=[num_accumulates, old_num_accumulates]) sum = layers.sum(x=[sum_1, sum_2, sum_3]) tmp = layers.cast( x=tmp, dtype='float32' if self._dtype is None else self._dtype ) sum = layers.cast( x=sum, dtype='float32' if self._dtype is None else self._dtype ) layers.ops._elementwise_div(x=sum, y=tmp, out=param) def _add_average_restore_op(self, block, param): param = block._clone_variable(param) grad = block._clone_variable(self._get_accumulator('restore', param)) layers.assign(input=grad, output=param)