# Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. from collections import defaultdict from .. import core from ..framework import Program, default_main_program, Parameter, Variable from ..backward import _rename_arg_ dtype_to_size = { core.VarDesc.VarType.FP16: 2, core.VarDesc.VarType.FP32: 4, core.VarDesc.VarType.FP64: 8, core.VarDesc.VarType.INT16: 2, core.VarDesc.VarType.INT32: 4, core.VarDesc.VarType.INT64: 8, core.VarDesc.VarType.BOOL: 1, core.VarDesc.VarType.UINT8: 1, } SUB_BLOCK_OPS = [ "while", "while_grad", "parallel_do", "parallel_do_grad", "conditional_block", "conditional_block_grad" ] SUB_BLOCK_PAIR = [("while", "while_grad"), ("parallel_do", "parallel_do_grad"), ("conditional_block", "conditional_block_grad")] PRINT_LOG = False class ControlFlowGraph(object): def __init__(self, program, ops, forward_num, skip_opt): self._program = program self._ops = ops self._forward_num = forward_num self._successors = defaultdict(set) self._presuccessors = defaultdict(set) self._uses = defaultdict(set) self._defs = defaultdict(set) self._live_in = defaultdict(set) self._live_out = defaultdict(set) self._skip_opt = skip_opt def _add_connections(self, connections): """Populates _successors and _presuccessors for two neighbor nodes.""" for node1, node2 in connections: self._add(node1, node2) def _add(self, node1, node2): self._successors[node1].add(node2) self._presuccessors[node2].add(node1) # TODO(panyx0718): We need to have a unified way of building intermediate # representation. def _build_graph(self): """Build a graph based on op sequence. """ self.op_size = len(self._ops) op_node_connections = [(i, i + 1) for i in range(self.op_size - 1)] self._add_connections(op_node_connections) for i in range(self.op_size): self._uses[i].update(self._ops[i].input_arg_names()) self._defs[i].update(self._ops[i].output_arg_names()) def _update_graph(self, old_name, new_name, begin_idx=0): for i in range(begin_idx, self.op_size): if old_name in self._uses[i]: self._uses[i].remove(old_name) self._uses[i].add(new_name) if old_name in self._defs[i]: self._defs[i].remove(old_name) self._defs[i].add(new_name) if old_name in self._live_in[i]: self._live_in[i].remove(old_name) self._live_out[i].add(new_name) if old_name in self._live_out[i]: self._live_out[i].remove(old_name) self._live_out[i].add(new_name) def _reach_fixed_point(self, live_in, live_out): """Check if the liveness set has stablized.""" if len(live_in) != len(self._live_in): return False if len(live_out) != len(self._live_out): return False for i in range(self.op_size): if (live_in[i] != self._live_in[i] or live_out[i] != self._live_out[i]): return False return True def _dataflow_analyze(self): self._build_graph() live_in = defaultdict(set) live_out = defaultdict(set) # Repeatedly apply liveness updates until the algorithm stablize # on a complete set live input vars and live output vars. while True: for i in reversed(range(self.op_size)): live_in[i] = set(self._live_in[i]) live_out[i] = set(self._live_out[i]) for s in self._successors[i]: self._live_out[i] |= self._live_in[s] self._live_in[i] = self._uses[i] | ( self._live_out[i] - self._defs[i]) if self._reach_fixed_point(live_in, live_out): break def _get_diff(self, a, b): u = a & b return a - u, b - u def _has_var(self, block_desc, var_name, is_forward): if is_forward: return block_desc.has_var(str(var_name)) else: return block_desc.has_var_recursive(str(var_name)) def _find_var(self, block_desc, var_name, is_forward): if is_forward: return block_desc.find_var(str(var_name)) else: return block_desc.find_var_recursive(str(var_name)) def _check_var_validity(self, block_desc, x, is_forward): if str(x) == "@EMPTY@": return False if not self._has_var(block_desc, x, is_forward): return False if self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).persistable(): return False if self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).type() != core.VarDesc.VarType.LOD_TENSOR: return False if x in self._skip_opt: return False if not self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).shape(): return False return True # TODO(panyx0718): This needs to be less hacky. It seems memory optimization # doesn't consider vars copied between cpu and gpu. def _update_skip_opt_set(self): for i in range(self.op_size): op = self._ops[i] if op.type() == "fill_constant" and op.attr("force_cpu") == True: self._skip_opt.update(op.output_arg_names()) def release_memory(self, skip_opt_set=None): self._dataflow_analyze() self._update_skip_opt_set() if skip_opt_set: self._skip_opt.update(skip_opt_set) fwd_id = 0 bwd_id = 0 for i in range(self.op_size): op = self._ops[i] if op.type() in SUB_BLOCK_OPS: continue block_desc = op.block() is_forward = i < self._forward_num in_diff, out_diff = self._get_diff(self._live_in[i], self._live_out[i]) can_optimize = filter( lambda x: self._check_var_validity(block_desc, x, is_forward), in_diff) if can_optimize: index = i + fwd_id + 1 if is_forward else i - self._forward_num + bwd_id + 1 delete_op = block_desc._insert_op(index) delete_op.set_type("delete_var") delete_op.set_input("X", can_optimize) if is_forward: fwd_id += 1 else: bwd_id += 1 def memory_optimize(self, skip_opt_set=None, level=0): def compare_shape(x_shape, cache_shape, opt_level): if opt_level == 0: return x_shape == cache_shape elif opt_level == 1: if (x_shape[0] == -1) ^ (cache_shape[0] == -1): return False x_size = abs(reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, x_shape)) cache_size = abs(reduce(lambda x, y: x * y, cache_shape)) if x_size <= cache_size: return True else: raise ValueError("only support opt_level 0 or 1.") return False self._dataflow_analyze() self._update_skip_opt_set() # update skip set to meet users' demand if skip_opt_set: self._skip_opt.update(skip_opt_set) self.pool = [] for i in range(self.op_size): op = self._ops[i] if op.type() in SUB_BLOCK_OPS: continue block_desc = op.block() is_forward = i < self._forward_num if self.pool: defs_can_optimize = filter( lambda x: self._check_var_validity(block_desc, x, is_forward), self._defs[i]) out_pair = [ (x, self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).shape()) for x in defs_can_optimize ] for x, x_shape in out_pair: # If x is both in uses and defs, it can not be optimized! if x in self._uses[i]: continue for index, cache_pair in enumerate(self.pool): cache_var = cache_pair[0] cache_shape = cache_pair[1] if not compare_shape(x_shape, cache_shape, level): continue if not self._has_var(block_desc, cache_var, is_forward): continue x_dtype = self._find_var(block_desc, x, is_forward).dtype() cache_dtype = self._find_var(block_desc, cache_var, is_forward).dtype() # TODO(qijun): actually, we should compare # dtype_to_size[x_dtype] and dtype_to_size[cache_dtype] if x_dtype != cache_dtype: continue if PRINT_LOG: print(("Hit Cache !!!! cache pool index " "is %d, var name is %s, " "cached var name is %s, " "var shape is %s ") % (index, x, cache_var, str(cache_shape))) self.pool.pop(index) if x == cache_var: break # Rename the var to the cache var already with # memory allocated in order to reuse the memory. _rename_arg_(self._ops, x, cache_var, begin_idx=i) self._program.block(block_desc.id).var(str( x)).desc = self._find_var(block_desc, cache_var, is_forward) self._update_graph(x, cache_var, begin_idx=i) break in_diff, _ = self._get_diff(self._live_in[i], self._live_out[i]) can_optimize = filter( lambda x: self._check_var_validity(block_desc, x, is_forward), in_diff) if can_optimize: for var_name in can_optimize: self.pool.append((var_name, self._find_var( block_desc, var_name, is_forward).shape())) def _process_sub_block_pair(pdesc, sub_block_pair): """Creates a list of tuple each of which tracks info of a subblock. Note: this function doesn't handle nested subblocks yet. TODO(panyx0718): assert if case nested subblocks happen. :param pdesc: ProgramDesc. :param sub_block_pair: A list op pairs. Each op pair is the forward op and backward op. The ops in the list are special that they contain a subblock of ops. :return: A list of tuples, each tuple is (all ops in a subblock pair including forward and backward, number of forward ops, all output args names of the ops in the subblock pairs). """ ops_list = [] block_desc = pdesc.block(0) op_size = block_desc.op_size() for fwd_op, bwd_op in sub_block_pair: sub_block_ids = [] grad_sub_block_ids = [] sub_block_id_pair = [] sub_op_dict = {} for i in range(op_size): op = block_desc.op(i) if op.type() == fwd_op: sub_block_ids.append(op.attr("sub_block").id) sub_op_dict[op.attr("sub_block").id] = op elif op.type() == bwd_op: grad_sub_block_ids.append(op.attr("sub_block").id) sub_op_dict[op.attr("sub_block").id] = op # Find fwd_op/bwd_op block pair for grad_id in grad_sub_block_ids: fwd_id = pdesc.block(grad_id).get_forward_block_idx() if fwd_id in sub_block_ids: sub_block_id_pair.append((fwd_id, grad_id)) sub_block_ids.remove(fwd_id) # Get fwd_op/bwd_op block ops for fwd_id, grad_id in sub_block_id_pair: sub_block_ops = [] sub_block = pdesc.block(fwd_id) block_op_size = sub_block.op_size() for i in range(block_op_size): sub_block_ops.append(sub_block.op(i)) grad_sub_block = pdesc.block(grad_id) grad_sub_block_op_size = grad_sub_block.op_size() for i in range(grad_sub_block_op_size): sub_block_ops.append(grad_sub_block.op(i)) sub_op_output = set() sub_op_output.update(sub_op_dict[fwd_id].output_arg_names()) sub_op_output.update(sub_op_dict[grad_id].output_arg_names()) sub_op_output.update(sub_op_dict[fwd_id].input_arg_names()) sub_op_output.update(sub_op_dict[grad_id].input_arg_names()) ops_list.append((sub_block_ops, block_op_size, sub_op_output)) # Process rest fwd_op block ops for fwd_id in sub_block_ids: sub_block_ops = [] sub_block = pdesc.block(fwd_id) sub_block_op_size = sub_block.op_size() for i in range(sub_block_op_size): sub_block_ops.append(sub_block.op(i)) sub_op_output = set() sub_op_output.update(sub_op_dict[fwd_id].output_arg_names()) sub_op_output.update(sub_op_dict[fwd_id].input_arg_names()) ops_list.append((sub_block_ops, sub_block_op_size, sub_op_output)) return ops_list def _get_cfgs(input_program): """Process each block and create ControlFlowGraph for each of them. :param input_program: Program object. :return: A list of ControlFlowGraph, each corresponds to a block. """ ops_list = [] pdesc = input_program.get_desc() block_desc = pdesc.block(0) op_size = block_desc.op_size() # Only process one level of nested subblock. ops_list.extend(_process_sub_block_pair(pdesc, SUB_BLOCK_PAIR)) skip_opt_set = set() for _, _, skip_opt in ops_list: skip_opt_set.update(skip_opt) # Get global block ops ops_list.insert( 0, ([block_desc.op(i) for i in range(op_size)], op_size, skip_opt_set)) cfgs = [ ControlFlowGraph(input_program, ops, forward_num, skip_opt) for ops, forward_num, skip_opt in ops_list ] return cfgs def memory_optimize(input_program, skip_opt_set=None, print_log=False, level=0): """Optimize memory by reusing var memory. Note: it doesn't not support subblock nested in subblock. :param input_program: Input Program :param print_log: whether to print debug log. :param level: If level=0, reuse if the shape is completely equal, o :return: """ if level != 0 and level != 1: raise ValueError("only support opt_level 0 or 1.") global PRINT_LOG PRINT_LOG = print_log cfgs = _get_cfgs(input_program) for cfg in cfgs: cfg.memory_optimize(skip_opt_set=skip_opt_set, level=level) def release_memory(input_program, skip_opt_set=None): """ Modify the input program and insert :code:`delete_op` to early drop not used variables. The modification will be performed inplace. Notes: This is an experimental API and could be removed in next few releases. Users should not use this API. Args: input_program(Program): The program will be inserted :code:`delete_op`. """ cfgs = _get_cfgs(input_program) for cfg in cfgs: cfg.release_memory(skip_opt_set=skip_opt_set)