Fix conflicts with develop branch

.gitmodules

+[submodule "warp-ctc"]
+	path = warp-ctc
+	url = https://github.com/baidu-research/warp-ctc.git

.pre-commit-config.yaml

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
     sha: c25201a00e6b0514370501050cf2a8538ac12270
     hooks:
     -   id: remove-crlf
+        files: (?!.*warp-ctc)^.*$
 -   repo: https://github.com/reyoung/mirrors-yapf.git
     sha: v0.13.2
     hooks:
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
     -   id: check-merge-conflict
     -   id: check-symlinks
     -   id: detect-private-key
+        files: (?!.*warp-ctc)^.*$
     -   id: end-of-file-fixer
 -   repo: https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/clang-format-pre-commit-hook.git
     sha: 28c0ea8a67a3e2dbbf4822ef44e85b63a0080a29

.travis.yml

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ before_install:
     fi
   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "linux" ]]; then sudo paddle/scripts/travis/before_install.linux.sh; fi
   - if [[ "$TRAVIS_OS_NAME" == "osx" ]]; then paddle/scripts/travis/before_install.osx.sh; fi
-  - pip install wheel protobuf sphinx breathe recommonmark virtualenv numpy
+  - pip install wheel protobuf sphinx breathe recommonmark virtualenv numpy sphinx_rtd_theme
 script:
   - paddle/scripts/travis/main.sh
 notifications:

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -71,10 +71,10 @@ find_package(Git REQUIRED)
 include(version)
 add_definitions(-DPADDLE_VERSION=\"${PADDLE_VERSION}\")
 
-
 if(NOT WITH_GPU)
     add_definitions(-DPADDLE_ONLY_CPU)
     add_definitions(-DHPPL_STUB_FUNC)
+
     list(APPEND CMAKE_CXX_SOURCE_FILE_EXTENSIONS cu)
 else()
     if(${CUDA_VERSION_MAJOR} VERSION_LESS 7)
@@ -91,15 +91,15 @@ else()
         set(CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS ${CUDA_NVCC_FLAGS} "-Xcompiler ${SSE3_FLAG}")
     endif(WITH_AVX)
 
-    if(WITH_DSO)
-        add_definitions(-DPADDLE_USE_DSO)
-    endif(WITH_DSO)
-
     # Include cuda and cudnn
     include_directories(${CUDNN_INCLUDE_DIR})
     include_directories(${CUDA_TOOLKIT_INCLUDE})
 endif(NOT WITH_GPU)
 
+if(WITH_DSO)
+    add_definitions(-DPADDLE_USE_DSO)
+endif(WITH_DSO)
+
 if(WITH_DOUBLE)
     add_definitions(-DPADDLE_TYPE_DOUBLE)
     set(ACCURACY double)

cmake/util.cmake

@@ -148,6 +148,11 @@ function(link_paddle_exe TARGET_NAME)
             target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME} rt)
         endif()
     endif()
+
+    if(NOT WITH_DSO)
+        target_link_libraries(${TARGET_NAME}
+            ${WARPCTC_LIBRARY})
+    endif()
 endfunction()
 
 # link_paddle_test

demo/seqToseq/dataprovider.py

@@ -19,27 +19,43 @@ START = "<s>"
 END = "<e>"
 
 
-def hook(settings, src_dict, trg_dict, file_list, **kwargs):
+def hook(settings, src_dict_path, trg_dict_path, is_generating, file_list,
+         **kwargs):
     # job_mode = 1: training mode
     # job_mode = 0: generating mode
-    settings.job_mode = trg_dict is not None
-    settings.src_dict = src_dict
+    settings.job_mode = not is_generating
+
+    def fun(dict_path):
+        out_dict = dict()
+        with open(dict_path, "r") as fin:
+            out_dict = {
+                line.strip(): line_count
+                for line_count, line in enumerate(fin)
+            }
+        return out_dict
+
+    settings.src_dict = fun(src_dict_path)
+    settings.trg_dict = fun(trg_dict_path)
+
     settings.logger.info("src dict len : %d" % (len(settings.src_dict)))
-    settings.sample_count = 0
 
     if settings.job_mode:
-        settings.trg_dict = trg_dict
-        settings.slots = [
+        settings.slots = {
+            'source_language_word':
             integer_value_sequence(len(settings.src_dict)),
+            'target_language_word':
             integer_value_sequence(len(settings.trg_dict)),
+            'target_language_next_word':
             integer_value_sequence(len(settings.trg_dict))
-        ]
+        }
         settings.logger.info("trg dict len : %d" % (len(settings.trg_dict)))
     else:
-        settings.slots = [
+        settings.slots = {
+            'source_language_word':
             integer_value_sequence(len(settings.src_dict)),
+            'sent_id':
             integer_value_sequence(len(open(file_list[0], "r").readlines()))
-        ]
+        }
 
 
 def _get_ids(s, dictionary):
@@ -69,6 +85,10 @@ def process(settings, file_name):
                     continue
                 trg_ids_next = trg_ids + [settings.trg_dict[END]]
                 trg_ids = [settings.trg_dict[START]] + trg_ids
-                yield src_ids, trg_ids, trg_ids_next
+                yield {
+                    'source_language_word': src_ids,
+                    'target_language_word': trg_ids,
+                    'target_language_next_word': trg_ids_next
+                }
             else:
-                yield src_ids, [line_count]
+                yield {'source_language_word': src_ids, 'sent_id': [line_count]}

demo/seqToseq/seqToseq_net.py

@@ -37,17 +37,10 @@ def seq_to_seq_data(data_dir,
     """
     src_lang_dict = os.path.join(data_dir, 'src.dict')
     trg_lang_dict = os.path.join(data_dir, 'trg.dict')
-    src_dict = dict()
-    for line_count, line in enumerate(open(src_lang_dict, "r")):
-        src_dict[line.strip()] = line_count
-    trg_dict = dict()
-    for line_count, line in enumerate(open(trg_lang_dict, "r")):
-        trg_dict[line.strip()] = line_count
 
     if is_generating:
         train_list = None
         test_list = os.path.join(data_dir, gen_list)
-        trg_dict = None
     else:
         train_list = os.path.join(data_dir, train_list)
         test_list = os.path.join(data_dir, test_list)
@@ -57,8 +50,11 @@ def seq_to_seq_data(data_dir,
         test_list,
         module="dataprovider",
         obj="process",
-        args={"src_dict": src_dict,
-              "trg_dict": trg_dict})
+        args={
+            "src_dict_path": src_lang_dict,
+            "trg_dict_path": trg_lang_dict,
+            "is_generating": is_generating
+        })
 
     return {
         "src_dict_path": src_lang_dict,

doc/conf.py.in

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ AutoStructify = transform.AutoStructify
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
 sys.path.insert(0, '@PROJ_ROOT@/python')
 
-templates_path = ["@PROJ_ROOT@/doc/templates"]
+templates_path = ["@PROJ_ROOT@/doc_theme/templates"]
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -113,13 +113,12 @@ todo_include_todos = False
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
-#html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
-html_theme = 'classic'
+html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
 
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ['@PROJ_ROOT@/doc_theme/static']
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = project + 'doc'

doc/getstarted/build_and_install/build_from_source.md

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ You can download PaddlePaddle from the [github source](https://github.com/Paddle
 ```bash
 git clone https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle paddle
 cd paddle
+git submodule update --init --recursive
 ```
 
 ## <span id="requirements">Requirements</span>

doc/getstarted/build_and_install/docker_install.rst

@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ automatically runs the following commands:
 
 .. code-block:: base
 
-   docker build -t paddle:cpu-noavx -f paddle/scripts/docker/Dockerfile .
-   docker build -t paddle:gpu-noavx -f paddle/scripts/docker/Dockerfile.gpu .
+   docker build -t paddle:cpu -f paddle/scripts/docker/Dockerfile .
+   docker build -t paddle:gpu -f paddle/scripts/docker/Dockerfile.gpu .
 
 
 To run the CPU-only image as an interactive container:
@@ -79,5 +79,28 @@ source code:
    cd ~
    git clone github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle
    cd Paddle
+   git submodule update --init --recursive
    docker build --build-arg WITH_AVX=OFF -t paddle:cpu-noavx -f paddle/scripts/docker/Dockerfile .
    docker build --build-arg WITH_AVX=OFF -t paddle:gpu-noavx -f paddle/scripts/docker/Dockerfile.gpu .
+
+
+Documentation
+-------------
+
+Paddle Docker images include an HTML version of C++ source code
+generated using `woboq code browser
+<https://github.com/woboq/woboq_codebrowser>`_.  This makes it easy
+for users to browse and understand the C++ source code.
+
+As long as we give the Paddle Docker container a name, we can run an
+additional nginx Docker container to serve the volume from the Paddle
+container:
+
+.. code-block:: bash
+
+   docker run -d --name paddle-cpu-doc paddle:cpu
+   docker run -d --volumes-from paddle-cpu-doc -p 8088:80 nginx
+
+
+Then we can direct our Web browser to the HTML version of source code
+at http://localhost:8088/paddle/

doc/howto/cmd_parameter/arguments.md

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ It looks like there are a lot of arguments. However, most of them are for develo
 </tr>
 
 <tr>
-<td class="left" rowspan = "2">testing during training</td><td class="left">test_all_data_in_one_period</td>
+<td class="left" rowspan = "2">testing during training</td><td class="left">test_period</td>
 <td class="left">√</td><td class="left">√</td><td class="left"></td><td class="left"></td>
 </tr>
 

doc/howto/cmd_parameter/detail_introduction.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
   - type: string (default: null).
 
 * `--version`
-  - Whether to print version infomatrion.
+  - Whether to print version information.
   - type: bool (default: 0).
 
 * `--show_layer_stat`
@@ -110,8 +110,8 @@
   - type: int32 (default: -1).
 
 * `--test_period`
-  - Run testing every test_period train batches. If not set, run testing each pass.
-  - type: int32 (default: 1000).
+   - if equal 0, do test on all test data at the end of each pass. While if equal non-zero, do test on all test data every test_period batches.
+  - type: int32 (default: 0).
 
 * `--test_wait`
   - Whether to wait for parameter per pass if not exist. If set test_data_path in submitting environment of cluster, it will launch one process to perfom testing, so we need to set test_wait=1. Note that in the cluster submitting environment, this argument has been set True by default.
@@ -121,10 +121,6 @@
   - File that saves the model list when testing. It was set automatically when using cluster submitting environment after setting model_path.
   - type: string (default: "", null).
 
-* `--test_all_data_in_one_period`
-  - This argument is usually used in testing period during traning. If true, all data will be tested in one test period. Otherwise (batch_size * log_peroid) data will be tested.
-  - type: bool (default: 0).
-
 * `--predict_output_dir`
   - Directory that saves the layer output. It is configured in Outputs() in network config. Default, this argument is null, meaning save nothing. Specify this directory if you want to save feature map of some layers in testing mode. Note that, layer outputs are values after activation function.
   - type: string (default: "", null).

doc/howto/cmd_parameter/use_case.md

@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ paddle train \
   --config=network_config \
   --save_dir=output \
   --trainer_count=COUNT \                #(default:1)
-  --test_period=M \                      #(default:1000）
-  --test_all_data_in_one_period=true \   #(default:false) 
-  --num_passes=N \                       #(defalut:100）
+  --test_period=M \                      #(default:0) 
+  --num_passes=N \                       #(defalut:100)
   --log_period=K \                       #(default:100)
   --dot_period=1000 \                    #(default:1)
   #[--show_parameter_stats_period=100] \ #(default:0)

doc/howto/contribute_to_paddle.md

@@ -36,8 +36,9 @@ If your repository doesn't contain **develop** branch, just create it by your ow
 git clone https://github.com/USERNAME/Paddle.git Paddle
 cd Paddle
 git checkout -b develop  # create develop branch.
-git remote add upstream https://github.com/baidu/Paddle.git  # add upstream to baidu/Paddle
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle.git  # add upstream to baidu/Paddle
 git pull upstream develop  # update to upstream
+git submodule update --init --recursive
 ```
 
 Then you can start to develop by making a local developement branch
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ To do this, you'll need to add a remote at first:
 # see the current configured remote repository
 git remote -v
 # add upstream repository
-git remote add upstream https://github.com/baidu/Paddle.git
+git remote add upstream https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle.git
 # verify the new upstream
 git remote -v
 ```

doc_cn/conf.py.in

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ AutoStructify = transform.AutoStructify
 # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
 # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
 sys.path.insert(0, '@PROJ_ROOT@/python')
-templates_path = ["@PROJ_ROOT@/doc/templates"]
+templates_path = ["@PROJ_ROOT@/doc_theme/templates"]
 
 # -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -112,12 +112,12 @@ todo_include_todos = False
 
 # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
 # a list of builtin themes.
-#html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'  # sphinx_rtd_theme will cause table bad style
-html_theme = 'classic'
+html_theme = 'sphinx_rtd_theme'
+
 # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
 # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
 # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
+html_static_path = ['@PROJ_ROOT@/doc_theme/static']
 
 # Output file base name for HTML help builder.
 htmlhelp_basename = project + 'doc'

doc_cn/faq/index.rst

@@ -214,3 +214,41 @@ PaddlePaddle的参数使用名字 :code:`name` 作为参数的ID，相同名字
         cmake .. -DPYTHON_EXECUTABLE=<exc_path> -DPYTHON_LIBRARY=<lib_path>  -DPYTHON_INCLUDE_DIR=<inc_path>
 
 用户需要指定本机上Python的路径：``<exc_path>``, ``<lib_path>``, ``<inc_path>``
+
+10. A protocol message was rejected because it was too big
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+如果在训练NLP相关模型时，出现以下错误：
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    [libprotobuf ERROR google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.cc:171] A protocol message was rejected because it was too big (more than 67108864 bytes).  To increase the limit (or to disable these warnings), see CodedInputStream::SetTotalBytesLimit() in google/protobuf/io/coded_stream.h.
+    F1205 14:59:50.295174 14703 TrainerConfigHelper.cpp:59] Check failed: m->conf.ParseFromString(configProtoStr) 
+
+可能的原因是：传给dataprovider的某一个args过大，一般是由于直接传递大字典导致的。错误的define_py_data_sources2类似：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+     src_dict = dict()
+     for line_count, line in enumerate(open(src_dict_path, "r")):
+        src_dict[line.strip()] = line_count
+
+     define_py_data_sources2(
+        train_list,
+        test_list,
+        module="dataprovider",
+        obj="process",
+        args={"src_dict": src_dict})
+
+解决方案是：将字典的地址作为args传给dataprovider，然后在dataprovider里面根据该地址加载字典。即define_py_data_sources2应改为：
+
+..  code-block:: python
+
+     define_py_data_sources2(
+        train_list,
+        test_list,
+        module="dataprovider",
+        obj="process",
+        args={"src_dict_path": src_dict_path})
+
+完整源码可参考 `seqToseq <https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/tree/develop/demo/seqToseq>`_ 示例。
\ No newline at end of file

doc_cn/ui/data_provider/dataprovider.rst

+DataProvider的介绍
+==================
+
+DataProvider是PaddlePaddle负责提供数据的模块。其作用是将数据传入内存或显存，让神经网络可以进行训练或预测。用户可以通过简单使用Python接口 `PyDataProvider2 <pydataprovider2.html>`_ ，来自定义传数据的过程。如果有更复杂的使用，或者需要更高的效率，用户也可以在C++端自定义一个 ``DataProvider`` 。
+
+PaddlePaddle需要用户在网络配置（trainer_config.py）中定义使用哪种DataProvider，并且在DataProvider中实现如何访问训练文件列表（train.list）或测试文件列表（test.list）。
+
+- train.list和test.list存放在本地（推荐直接存放到训练目录，以相对路径引用)。一般情况下，两者均为纯文本文件，其中每一行对应一个数据文件地址：
+  
+  - 如果数据文件存于本地磁盘，这个地址则为它的绝对路径或相对路径(相对于PaddlePaddle程序运行时的路径)。
+  - 地址也可以为hdfs文件路径，或者数据库连接路径等。
+  - 由于这个地址会被DataProvider使用，因此，如何解析该地址也是用户自定义DataProvider时需要考虑的地方。
+- 如果没有设置test.list，或设置为None，那么在训练过程中不会执行测试操作；否则，会根据命令行参数指定的测试方式，在训练过程中进行测试，从而防止过拟合。

doc_cn/ui/data_provider/index.rst

-PaddlePaddle的数据提供(DataProvider)介绍
-========================================
-
-数据提供(DataProvider)是PaddlePaddle负责提供数据的模块。其作用是将训练数据传入内存或者显存，让神经网络可以进行训练。简单的使用，用户可以使用Python的 :code:`PyDataProvider` 来自定义传数据的过程。如果有更复杂的使用，或者需要更高的效率，用户也可以在C++端自定义一个 :code:`DataProvider` 。
-
-PaddlePaddle需要用户在网络配置(trainer_config.py)中定义使用哪种DataProvider及其参数，训练文件列表(train.list)和测试文件列表(test.list)。
-
-其中，train.list和test.list均为本地的两个文件(推荐直接放置到训练目录，以相对路径引用)。如果test.list不设置，或者设置为None，那么在训练过程中，不会执行测试操作。否则，会根据命令行参数指定的测试方式，在训练过程中进行测试，从而防止过拟合。
-
-一般情况下，train.list和test.list为纯文本文件，一行对应一个数据文件，数据文件存放在本地磁盘中。将文件的绝对路径或相对路径(相对于PaddlePaddle程序运行时的路径)写在train.list和test.list中。当然，train.list和test.list也可以放置hdfs文件路径，或者数据库连接地址等等。
-
-用户在DataProvider中需要实现如何访问其中每一个文件。DataProvider的具体用法和如何实现一个新的DataProvider，请参考下述文章:
-
-..	toctree::
-
-	pydataprovider2.rst
-	write_new_dataprovider.rst

doc_cn/ui/data_provider/mnist_config.py

@@ -5,5 +5,6 @@ define_py_data_sources2(
     test_list=None,
     module='mnist_provider',
     obj='process')
+
 img = data_layer(name='pixel', size=784)
 label = data_layer(name='label', size=10)

doc_cn/ui/data_provider/mnist_provider.py

-from paddle.trainer.PyDataProvider2 import *
-
-
-# Define a py data provider
-@provider(input_types=[dense_vector(28 * 28), integer_value(10)])
-def process(settings, filename):  # settings is not used currently.
-    f = open(filename, 'r')  # open one of training file
-
-    for line in f:  # read each line
-        label, pixel = line.split(';')
-
-        # get features and label
-        pixels_str = pixel.split(' ')
-
-        pixels_float = []
-        for each_pixel_str in pixels_str:
-            pixels_float.append(float(each_pixel_str))
-
-        # give data to paddle.
-        yield pixels_float, int(label)
-
-    f.close()  # close file

doc_cn/ui/data_provider/sentimental_provider.py

@@ -8,19 +8,16 @@ def on_init(settings, dictionary, **kwargs):
 
     # set input types in runtime. It will do the same thing as
     # @provider(input_types) will do, but it is set dynamically during runtime.
-    settings.input_types = [
+    settings.input_types = {
         # The text is a sequence of integer values, and each value is a word id.
         # The whole sequence is the sentences that we want to predict its
         # sentimental.
-        integer_value(
-            len(dictionary), seq_type=SequenceType),  # text input
+        'data': integer_value_sequence(len(dictionary)),  # text input
+        'label': integer_value(2)  # label positive/negative
+    }
 
-        # label positive/negative
-        integer_value(2)
-    ]
-
-    # save dictionary as settings.dictionary. It will be used in process
-    # method.
+    # save dictionary as settings.dictionary. 
+    # It will be used in process method.
     settings.dictionary = dictionary
 
 

doc_cn/ui/data_provider/write_new_dataprovider.rst

-自定义一个DataProvider
-====================
-
-TBD
\ No newline at end of file

doc_cn/ui/index.rst

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 1
 
-    data_provider/index.rst
-
+    data_provider/dataprovider.rst
+    data_provider/pydataprovider2.rst
 
 命令及命令行参数
 ================
@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@
 * `参数分类 <../../doc/ui/cmd_argument/argument_outline.html>`_
 * `参数描述 <../../doc/ui/cmd_argument/detail_introduction.html>`_
 
-
 预测
-====
+=======
 
 ..  toctree::
     :maxdepth: 1

doc_theme/static/js/paddle_doc_init.js

+$(document).ready(function(){
+    $('.local-toc').on('click' ,'a.reference.internal', function (){
+        $('.local-toc li.active').removeClass('active');
+        $(this).parent('li').addClass('active');
+    });
+
+    if ($('.local-toc a:visible').length) {
+        $('.local-toc > ul').addClass('nav nav-stacked');
+        $('#doc-content').scrollspy({
+            target: '.local-toc'
+        });
+		$('.local-toc').perfectScrollbar();
+    } else {
+		$('.doc-content-wrap').css('margin-left', '-=50px');
+        $('.local-toc').remove();
+    }
+
+    if (!$('.doc-menu-vertical > ul > li.current > ul').length) {
+        $('.doc-content-wrap').css('margin-left', '-=240px');
+        $('.doc-menu-vertical').remove();
+        $('.local-toc').css('left', '0');
+    }
+
+	$('.doc-menu-vertical .toctree-l2').each(function (i, e){
+        $(e).toggleClass('has-child', !!$(e).find('ul').length);
+    });
+
+    $('.doc-menu-vertical').find('li.current').last().addClass('active');
+
+    $('.doc-menu-vertical').perfectScrollbar();
+});
\ No newline at end of file

doc_theme/templates/breadcrumbs.html

+{# Support for Sphinx 1.3+ page_source_suffix, but don't break old builds. #}
+
+{% if page_source_suffix %} 
+{% set suffix = page_source_suffix %}
+{% else %}
+{% set suffix = source_suffix %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if meta is defined and 'github_url' in meta %}
+{% set display_github = True %}
+{% endif %}
+
+{% if meta is defined and 'bitbucket_url' in meta %}
+{% set display_bitbucket = True %}
+{% endif %}
+
+<div role="navigation" aria-label="breadcrumbs navigation">
+  <ul class="wy-breadcrumbs">
+      {% for doc in parents %}
+        <li><a href="{{ doc.link|e }}">{{ doc.title }}</a> > </li>
+      {% endfor %}
+    <li>{{ title }}</li>
+  </ul>
+</div>

doc_theme/templates/layout.html

+{# TEMPLATE VAR SETTINGS #}
+{%- set url_root = pathto('', 1) %}
+{%- if url_root == '#' %}{% set url_root = '' %}{% endif %}
+{%- if not embedded and docstitle %}
+  {%- set titlesuffix = " — "|safe + docstitle|e %}
+{%- else %}
+  {%- set titlesuffix = "" %}
+{%- endif %}
+
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->
+<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  {{ metatags }}
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+  {% block htmltitle %}
+  <title>{{ title|striptags|e }}{{ titlesuffix }}</title>
+  {% endblock %}
+
+  {# FAVICON #}
+  {% if favicon %}
+    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="{{ pathto('_static/' + favicon, 1) }}"/>
+  {% endif %}
+
+  {# CSS #}
+
+  {# OPENSEARCH #}
+  {% if not embedded %}
+    {% if use_opensearch %}
+      <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="{% trans docstitle=docstitle|e %}Search within {{ docstitle }}{% endtrans %}" href="{{ pathto('_static/opensearch.xml', 1) }}"/>
+    {% endif %}
+
+  {% endif %}
+
+  {# RTD hosts this file, so just load on non RTD builds #}
+  {% if not READTHEDOCS %}
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto('_static/' + style, 1) }}" type="text/css" />
+  {% endif %}
+
+  {% for cssfile in css_files %}
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto(cssfile, 1) }}" type="text/css" />
+  {% endfor %}
+  {% for cssfile in extra_css_files %}
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{ pathto(cssfile, 1) }}" type="text/css" />
+  {% endfor %}
+
+  {%- block linktags %}
+    {%- if hasdoc('about') %}
+        <link rel="author" title="{{ _('About these documents') }}"
+              href="{{ pathto('about') }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if hasdoc('genindex') %}
+        <link rel="index" title="{{ _('Index') }}"
+              href="{{ pathto('genindex') }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if hasdoc('search') %}
+        <link rel="search" title="{{ _('Search') }}" href="{{ pathto('search') }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if hasdoc('copyright') %}
+        <link rel="copyright" title="{{ _('Copyright') }}" href="{{ pathto('copyright') }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+    <link rel="top" title="{{ docstitle|e }}" href="{{ pathto('index') }}"/>
+    {%- if parents %}
+        <link rel="up" title="{{ parents[-1].title|striptags|e }}" href="{{ parents[-1].link|e }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if next %}
+        <link rel="next" title="{{ next.title|striptags|e }}" href="{{ next.link|e }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+    {%- if prev %}
+        <link rel="prev" title="{{ prev.title|striptags|e }}" href="{{ prev.link|e }}"/>
+    {%- endif %}
+  {%- endblock %}
+  {%- block extrahead %} 
+
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/perfect-scrollbar/0.6.14/css/perfect-scrollbar.min.css" type="text/css" />
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{{pathto('_static/css/override.css', 1)}}" type="text/css" />
+  <script>
+  var _hmt = _hmt || [];
+  (function() {
+    var hm = document.createElement("script");
+    hm.src = "//hm.baidu.com/hm.js?b9a314ab40d04d805655aab1deee08ba";
+    var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; 
+    s.parentNode.insertBefore(hm, s);
+  })();
+  </script>
+
+  {% endblock %}
+
+  {# Keep modernizr in head - http://modernizr.com/docs/#installing #}
+  <script src="{{ pathto('_static/js/modernizr.min.js', 1) }}"></script>
+
+</head>
+
+<body class="wy-body-for-nav" role="document">
+
+  {% block extrabody %}
+  <header class="site-header">
+    <div class="site-logo">
+      <a href="/"><img src="{{pathto('_static/images/PP_w.png', 1)}}"></a>
+    </div>
+    <div class="site-nav-links">
+      <div class="site-menu">
+        <a class="fork-on-github" href="https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-github"></i>Folk me on Github</a>
+        <div class="language-switcher dropdown">
+          <a type="button" data-toggle="dropdown">
+            <span>English</span>
+            <i class="fa fa-angle-up"></i>
+            <i class="fa fa-angle-down"></i>
+          </a>
+          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
+            <li><a href="/doc_cn">中文</a></li>
+            <li><a href="/doc">English</a></li>
+          </ul>
+        </div>
+        <ul class="site-page-links">
+          <li><a>Home</a></li>
+          <li><a>Get Started</a></li>
+          <li class="active"><a>Documentation</a></li>
+          <li><a>About Us</a></li>
+        </ul>
+      </div>
+      <div class="doc-module">
+        {%set modules = toctree(maxdepth=0, collapse=False, titles_only=True)%}
+        {{modules}}
+        {% include "searchbox.html" %}        
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </header>
+  {% endblock %}
+  <div class="main-content-wrap">
+
+    {# SIDE NAV, TOGGLES ON MOBILE #}
+    <nav class="doc-menu-vertical" role="navigation">
+        {% block menu %}
+          {% set toctree = toctree(maxdepth=-1, collapse=False,titles_only=True, includehidden=True) %}
+          {{ toctree }}
+        {% endblock %}
+    </nav>
+    {% if toc %}
+    <nav class="local-toc">{{ toc }}</nav>
+    {% endif %}
+    <section class="doc-content-wrap">
+
+      {% include "breadcrumbs.html" %}
+      {# PAGE CONTENT #}
+      <div class="wy-nav-content" id="doc-content">
+        <div class="rst-content">
+          <div role="main" class="document" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
+           <div itemprop="articleBody">
+            {% block body %}{% endblock %}
+           </div>
+          </div>
+          {% include "footer.html" %}
+        </div>
+      </div>
+
+    </section>
+
+  </div>
+  {% include "versions.html" %}
+
+  {% if not embedded %}
+
+    <script type="text/javascript">
+        var DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+            URL_ROOT:'{{ url_root }}',
+            VERSION:'{{ release|e }}',
+            COLLAPSE_INDEX:false,
+            FILE_SUFFIX:'{{ '' if no_search_suffix else file_suffix }}',
+            HAS_SOURCE:  {{ has_source|lower }}
+        };
+    </script>
+    {%- for scriptfile in script_files %}
+      <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ pathto(scriptfile, 1) }}"></script>
+    {%- endfor %}
+       
+  {% endif %}
+
+  {# RTD hosts this file, so just load on non RTD builds #}
+  {% if not READTHEDOCS %}
+    <script type="text/javascript" src="{{ pathto('_static/js/theme.js', 1) }}"></script>
+  {% endif %}
+  
+  <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+  <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/perfect-scrollbar/0.6.14/js/perfect-scrollbar.jquery.min.js"></script>
+  <script src="{{ pathto('_static/js/paddle_doc_init.js', 1) }}"></script>
+  {%- block footer %} {% endblock %}
+
+</body>
+</html>

doc_theme/templates/search.html

+{#
+    basic/search.html
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Template for the search page.
+
+    :copyright: Copyright 2007-2013 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+    :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+#}
+{%- extends "layout.html" %}
+{% set title = _('Search') %}
+{% set script_files = script_files + ['_static/searchtools.js'] %}
+{% block footer %}
+  <script type="text/javascript">
+    jQuery(function() { Search.loadIndex("{{ pathto('searchindex.js', 1) }}"); });
+    jQuery('.doc-content-wrap > div[role="navigation"]').remove();
+    jQuery('.doc-content-wrap').css('padding-top', 0);
+  </script>
+  {# this is used when loading the search index using $.ajax fails,
+     such as on Chrome for documents on localhost #}
+  <script type="text/javascript" id="searchindexloader"></script>
+  {{ super() }}
+{% endblock %}
+{% block body %}
+  <noscript>
+  <div id="fallback" class="admonition warning">
+    <p class="last">
+      {% trans %}Please activate JavaScript to enable the search
+      functionality.{% endtrans %}
+    </p>
+  </div>
+  </noscript>
+
+  {% if search_performed %}
+    <h2>{{ _('Search Results') }}</h2>
+    {% if not search_results %}
+      <p>{{ _('Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you\'ve selected enough categories.') }}</p>
+    {% endif %}
+  {% endif %}
+  <div id="search-results">
+  {% if search_results %}
+    <ul>
+    {% for href, caption, context in search_results %}
+      <li>
+        <a href="{{ pathto(item.href) }}">{{ caption }}</a>
+        <p class="context">{{ context|e }}</p>
+      </li>
+    {% endfor %}
+    </ul>
+  {% endif %}
+  </div>
+{% endblock %}

paddle/api/test/run_tests.sh

@@ -20,11 +20,7 @@ popd > /dev/null
 
 cd $SCRIPTPATH
 
-if [ ! -f ../../dist/*.whl ] ; then  # Swig not compiled.
-  exit 0
-fi
-
-rm .test_env -rf
+rm -rf .test_env
 virtualenv .test_env
 source .test_env/bin/activate
 

paddle/cuda/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -15,16 +15,24 @@ else()
 endif()
 
 set(CUDA_CXX_WITH_GPU_SOURCES
+    src/hl_cudart_wrap.cc
     src/hl_cuda_cublas.cc
     src/hl_cuda_cudnn.cc
     src/hl_cuda_device.cc)
 
-set_source_files_properties(${CUDA_CXX_WITH_GPU_SOURCES}
-                            PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-D__NVCC__")
+if(WITH_GPU)
+    set(CUDA_CXX_SOURCES
+        src/hl_dso_loader.cc
+        src/hl_warpctc_wrap.cc
+        ${CUDA_CXX_WITH_GPU_SOURCES})
 
-set(CUDA_DSO_SOURCES
+    set_source_files_properties(${CUDA_CXX_SOURCES}
+                                PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-D__NVCC__")
+else()
+    set(CUDA_CXX_SOURCES
         src/hl_dso_loader.cc
-    src/hl_cudart_wrap.cc)
+        src/hl_warpctc_wrap.cc)
+endif()
 
 set(CUDA_CU_SOURCES
     src/hl_perturbation_util.cu
@@ -41,6 +49,7 @@ set(CUDA_CU_SOURCES
 set(CUDA_HEADERS
     include/hl_time.h
     include/hl_dso_loader.h
+    include/hl_warpctc_wrap.h
     include/hl_sequence.h
     include/hl_cuda_cublas.h
     include/hl_batch_transpose.h
@@ -72,14 +81,14 @@ if(WITH_GPU)
     cuda_add_library(paddle_cuda
         ${CUDA_SOURCES}
         ${CUDA_CU_SOURCES}
-        ${CUDA_DSO_SOURCES}
-        ${CUDA_CXX_WITH_GPU_SOURCES})
+        ${CUDA_CXX_SOURCES})
 else()
-    add_library(paddle_cuda ${CUDA_SOURCES})
+    add_library(paddle_cuda
+                ${CUDA_SOURCES}
+                ${CUDA_CXX_SOURCES})
 endif()
 
 add_style_check_target(paddle_cuda
                        ${CUDA_SOURCES}
                        ${CUDA_HEADERS}
-                       ${CUDA_DSO_SOURCES}
-                       ${CUDA_CXX_WITH_GPU_SOURCES})
+                       ${CUDA_CXX_SOURCES})

paddle/cuda/include/hl_dso_loader.h

@@ -18,10 +18,6 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include <dlfcn.h>
 #include <string>
 #include <memory>
-#include <cuda_runtime.h>
-#include <cublas_v2.h>
-#include <curand.h>
-#include <cudnn.h>
 #include "hl_base.h"
 
 /**
@@ -56,4 +52,12 @@ void GetCudartDsoHandle(void** dso_handle);
  */
 void GetCurandDsoHandle(void** dso_handle);
 
+/**
+ * @brief    load the DSO of warp-ctc
+ *
+ * @param    **dso_handle   dso handler
+ *
+ */
+void GetWarpCTCDsoHandle(void** dso_handle);
+
 #endif  // HL_DSO_LOADER_H_

paddle/cuda/include/hl_gpu.h

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "hl_sparse.h"
 #include "hl_lstm.h"
 #include "hl_sequence.h"
+#include "hl_warpctc_wrap.h"
 
 #ifdef HPPL_STUB_FUNC
 #include "stub/hl_cuda_stub.h"

paddle/cuda/include/hl_matrix_type.cuh

@@ -12,14 +12,12 @@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
-
 #ifndef HL_MATRIX_TYPE_CUH_
 #define HL_MATRIX_TYPE_CUH_
 
 #include "hl_base.h"
 
 #ifdef __CUDA_ARCH__
-// typedef void*  vecType;
 #include <vector_types.h>
 #ifndef PADDLE_TYPE_DOUBLE
 typedef float4 vecType;
@@ -37,4 +35,10 @@ typedef __m128d vecType;
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#endif /* HL_MATRIX_TYPE_CUH_ */
+#ifdef __CUDA_ARCH__
+#define INLINE   __device__ inline
+#else
+#define INLINE   inline
+#endif
+
+#endif  // HL_MATRIX_TYPE_CUH_

paddle/cuda/include/hl_sequence.h

@@ -172,6 +172,39 @@ extern void hl_sequence2batch_add(real* batch,
                                   int batchCount,
                                   bool seq2batch);
 
+/**
+ * @brief   Memory copy from sequence to batch,
+ *          while padding all sequences to the same length.
+ *
+ * if seq2batch == true
+ *
+ *    copy from sequence to batch:
+ *        batch[i] = sequence[sequenceStartPositions[i]]
+ *
+ * if seq2batch == false
+ *
+ *    copy from batch to sequence:
+ *        sequence[sequenceStartPositions[i]] = batch[i]
+ *
+ * @param[in,out]   batch                   batch matrix.
+ * @param[in,out]   sequence                sequence matrix.
+ * @param[in]       sequenceStartPositions  index vector.
+ * @param[in]       sequenceWidth           width of sequence.
+ * @param[in]       maxSequenceLength       maximum length of sequences.
+ * @param[in]       numSequences            number of sequences.
+ * @param[in]       normByTimes             whether dividing sequence's length.
+ * @param[in]       seq2batch               copy direction.
+ *
+ */
+extern void hl_sequence2batch_copy_padding(real* batch,
+                                           real* sequence,
+                                           const int* sequenceStartPositions,
+                                           const size_t sequenceWidth,
+                                           const size_t maxSequenceLength,
+                                           const size_t numSequences,
+                                           bool normByTimes,
+                                           bool seq2batch);
+
 /**
  * @brief  dst = Op(src), src is sequence.
  *

paddle/cuda/include/hl_tensor_ops.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#ifndef HL_TENSOR_OPS_H_
+#define HL_TENSOR_OPS_H_
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include "hl_matrix_type.cuh"
+
+namespace hppl {
+namespace unary {
+
+template <class T>
+class add_scale {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE add_scale(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a + p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class sub_scale {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE sub_scale(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a - p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class mul_scale {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE mul_scale(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a * p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class div_scale {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE div_scale(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a / p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class neg {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return -a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class exp_op {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return std::exp(a); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class log_op {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return std::log(a); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class sqrt_op {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return std::sqrt(a); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class square {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a * a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class reciprocal {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return T(1) / a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class abs {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a > 0 ? a : -a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class sign {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return (a > 0) - (a < 0); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class min {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE min(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a > p ? p : a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class max {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE max(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return a < p ? p : a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class pow_op {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE pow_op(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a) const { return std::pow(a, p); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class constant {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE constant(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(int i) const { return p; }
+  INLINE T operator()(int i, int j) const { return p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_eq {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE cmp_eq(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a == p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_ne {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE cmp_ne(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a != p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_le {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE cmp_le(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a <= p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_lt {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE cmp_lt(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a < p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_ge {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE cmp_ge(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a >= p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_gt {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE cmp_gt(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a > p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class and_op {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE and_op(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a && p; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class or_op {
+private:
+  const T p;
+
+public:
+  INLINE or_op(const T s) : p(s) {}
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a) const { return a || p; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace unary
+
+namespace binary {
+template <class T>
+class add {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a + b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class add_scale {
+private:
+  const T p1;
+  const T p2;
+
+public:
+  INLINE add_scale(const T s1, const T s2) : p1(s1), p2(s2) {}
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return p1 * a + p2 * b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class sub {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a - b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class mul {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a * b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class div {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a / b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_eq {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a == b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_ne {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a != b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_le {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a <= b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_lt {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a < b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_ge {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a >= b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class cmp_gt {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a > b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class and_op {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a && b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class or_op {
+public:
+  INLINE bool operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a || b; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class min {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a > b ? b : a; }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+class max {
+public:
+  INLINE T operator()(const T a, const T b) const { return a < b ? b : a; }
+};
+
+}  // namespace binary
+}  // namespace hppl
+
+#endif  // HL_TENSOR_OPS_H_

paddle/cuda/include/hl_warpctc_wrap.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#ifndef HL_WARPCTC_WRAP_H_
+#define HL_WARPCTC_WRAP_H_
+
+#include "hl_base.h"
+#include "warp-ctc/include/ctc.h"
+
+typedef ctcStatus_t hl_warpctc_status_t;
+typedef ctcOptions hl_warpctc_options_t;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Init ctc options.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   blank     blank label used in ctc loss function.
+ * @param[in]   useGpu    whether use gpu.
+ * @param[out]  options   handle to store cpu or gpu informations.
+ *
+ */
+extern void hl_warpctc_init(const size_t blank,
+                            bool useGpu,
+                            hl_warpctc_options_t* options);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute the connectionist temporal classification loss,
+ *        and optionally compute the gradient with respect to the inputs.
+ *
+ * if batchGrad == nullptr
+ *
+ *    only compute the ctc loss.
+ *
+ * if batchGrad != nullptr
+ *
+ *    compute both ctc loss and gradient.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   batchInput      batch matrix of input probabilities,
+ *                              in maxSequenceLength x numSequence x numClasses
+ *                              (row-major) format.
+ * @param[out]  batchGrad       batch matrix of gradient.
+ * @param[in]   cpuLabels       labels always in CPU memory.
+ * @param[in]   cpuLabelLengths length of all labels in CPU memory.
+ * @param[in]   cpuInputLengths length of all sequences in CPU memory.
+ * @param[in]   numClasses      number of possible output symbols.
+ * @param[in]   numSequences    number of sequence.
+ * @param[out]  cpuCosts        cost of each sequence in CPU memory.
+ * @param[out]  workspace       workspace to store some temporary results.
+ * @param[in]   options         handle to store cpu or gpu informations.
+ *
+ */
+extern void hl_warpctc_compute_loss(const real* batchInput,
+                                    real* batchGrad,
+                                    const int* cpuLabels,
+                                    const int* cpuLabelLengths,
+                                    const int* cpuInputLengths,
+                                    const size_t numClasses,
+                                    const size_t numSequences,
+                                    real* cpuCosts,
+                                    void* workspace,
+                                    hl_warpctc_options_t* options);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Compute the required workspace size.
+ *        There is no memory allocated operations within warp-ctc.
+ *
+ * @param[in]   cpuLabelLengths length of all labels in CPU memory.
+ * @param[in]   cpuInputLengths length of all sequences in CPU memory.
+ * @param[in]   numClasses      number of possible output symbols.
+ * @param[in]   numSequences    number of sequence.
+ * @param[in]   options         handle to store cpu or gpu informations.
+ * @param[out]  bytes           pointer to a scalar where the memory
+ *                              requirement in bytes will be placed.
+ *
+ */
+extern void hl_warpctc_get_workspace_size(const int* cpuLabelLengths,
+                                          const int* cpuInputLengths,
+                                          const size_t numClasses,
+                                          const size_t numSequences,
+                                          hl_warpctc_options_t* options,
+                                          size_t* bytes);
+
+#endif  // HL_WARPCTC_WRAP_H_

paddle/cuda/include/stub/hl_sequence_stub.h

@@ -70,6 +70,15 @@ inline void hl_sequence2batch_add(real* batch,
                                   int batchCount,
                                   bool seq2batch) {}
 
+inline void hl_sequence2batch_copy_padding(real* batch,
+                                           real* sequence,
+                                           const int* sequenceStartPositions,
+                                           const size_t sequenceWidth,
+                                           const size_t maxSequenceLength,
+                                           const size_t numSequences,
+                                           bool normByTimes,
+                                           bool seq2batch) {}
+
 inline void hl_sequence_avg_forward(real* dst,
                                     real* src,
                                     const int* starts,

paddle/cuda/src/hl_cuda_sequence.cu

@@ -447,6 +447,112 @@ void hl_sequence2batch_add(real *batch,
   CHECK_SYNC("hl_sequence2batch_add failed");
 }
 
+template<bool normByTimes, bool seq2batch>
+__global__
+void KeSequence2BatchPadding(real* batch,
+                             real* sequence,
+                             const int* sequenceStartPositions,
+                             const size_t sequenceWidth,
+                             const size_t maxSequenceLength,
+                             const size_t numSequences) {
+  int batchIdx = blockIdx.y;
+  int sequenceStart = sequenceStartPositions[batchIdx];
+  int sequenceLength = sequenceStartPositions[batchIdx + 1] - sequenceStart;
+
+  int sequenceIdx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+  int batchBaseIdx = (sequenceIdx * numSequences + batchIdx) * sequenceWidth;
+  int sequenceBaseIdx = (sequenceStart + sequenceIdx) * sequenceWidth;
+
+  real scale = normByTimes ? (1.0f / (real)sequenceLength) : 1.0f;
+
+  if (sequenceIdx < sequenceLength) {
+    if (seq2batch) {
+      /* sequence -> batch */
+      for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < sequenceWidth; i += blockDim.x) {
+        batch[batchBaseIdx + i] = scale * sequence[sequenceBaseIdx + i];
+      }
+    } else {
+      /* batch -> sequence */
+      for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < sequenceWidth; i += blockDim.x) {
+        sequence[sequenceBaseIdx + i] = scale * batch[batchBaseIdx + i];
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (sequenceIdx < maxSequenceLength) {
+    if (seq2batch) {
+      /* sequence -> batch */
+      for (int i = threadIdx.x; i < sequenceWidth; i += blockDim.x) {
+        batch[batchBaseIdx + i] = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void hl_sequence2batch_copy_padding(real* batch,
+                                    real* sequence,
+                                    const int* sequenceStartPositions,
+                                    const size_t sequenceWidth,
+                                    const size_t maxSequenceLength,
+                                    const size_t numSequences,
+                                    bool normByTimes,
+                                    bool seq2batch) {
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(batch);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(sequence);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(sequenceStartPositions);
+
+  if (!normByTimes && numSequences == 1) {
+    size_t elementCount = maxSequenceLength * sequenceWidth;
+    if (seq2batch) {
+      /* sequence -> batch */
+      hl_memcpy_device2device(batch, sequence, sizeof(real) * elementCount);
+    } else {
+      /* batch -> sequence */
+      hl_memcpy_device2device(sequence, batch, sizeof(real) * elementCount);
+    }
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const int CUDA_BLOCK_SIZE = 512;
+
+  /* At least use 32 threads to copy sequenceWidth elements,
+     and at least 8 elements for each thread. */
+  int blockDimX = ((((sequenceWidth + 7) >> 3) + 31) >> 5) << 5;
+  blockDimX = (blockDimX < CUDA_BLOCK_SIZE) ? blockDimX : CUDA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+  int blockDimY = CUDA_BLOCK_SIZE / blockDimX;
+  dim3 threads(blockDimX, blockDimY);
+
+  int gridDimX = (maxSequenceLength * blockDimX + CUDA_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) /
+      CUDA_BLOCK_SIZE;
+  int gridDimY = numSequences;
+  dim3 grid(gridDimX, gridDimY);
+
+  if (seq2batch) {
+    /* sequence -> batch */
+    if (normByTimes) {
+      KeSequence2BatchPadding<1, 1><<< grid, threads, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT >>>(
+              batch, sequence, sequenceStartPositions,
+              sequenceWidth, maxSequenceLength, numSequences);
+    } else {
+      KeSequence2BatchPadding<0, 1><<< grid, threads, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT >>>(
+              batch, sequence, sequenceStartPositions,
+              sequenceWidth, maxSequenceLength, numSequences);
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* batch -> sequence */
+    if (normByTimes) {
+      KeSequence2BatchPadding<1, 0><<< grid, threads, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT >>>(
+              batch, sequence, sequenceStartPositions,
+              sequenceWidth, maxSequenceLength, numSequences);
+    } else {
+      KeSequence2BatchPadding<0, 0><<< grid, threads, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT >>>(
+              batch, sequence, sequenceStartPositions,
+              sequenceWidth, maxSequenceLength, numSequences);
+    }
+  }
+
+  CHECK_SYNC("hl_sequence2batch_copy_padding failed");
+}
+
 __device__ inline float my_rsqrt(float x) {
   return rsqrtf(x);
 }

paddle/cuda/src/hl_cudart_wrap.cc

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #ifdef PADDLE_USE_DSO
 
 #include <mutex>
+#include <cuda_runtime.h>
 #include "hl_dso_loader.h"
 
 /**

paddle/cuda/src/hl_dso_loader.cc

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@ P_DEFINE_string(cuda_dir,
                 "build-in function in cudart already ran before main entry). "
                 "If default, dlopen will search cuda from LD_LIBRARY_PATH");
 
+P_DEFINE_string(warpctc_dir, "", "Specify path for loading libwarpctc.so.");
+
 static inline std::string join(const std::string& part1,
                                const std::string& part2) {
   // directory separator
@@ -92,27 +94,28 @@ static inline void GetDsoHandleFromSearchPath(const std::string& search_root,
     *dso_handle = dlopen(dlPath.c_str(), dynload_flags);
     // if not found, search from default path
     if (nullptr == *dso_handle) {
-      LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to find cuda library: " << dlPath;
+      LOG(WARNING) << "Failed to find dynamic library: " << dlPath << " ("
+                   << dlerror() << ")";
       dlPath = dso_name;
       GetDsoHandleFromDefaultPath(dlPath, dso_handle, dynload_flags);
     }
   }
 
-  CHECK(nullptr != *dso_handle) << "Failed to find cuda library: " << dlPath
-                                << std::endl
+  CHECK(nullptr != *dso_handle) << "Failed to find dynamic library: " << dlPath
+                                << " (" << dlerror() << ") \n"
                                 << "Please specify its path correctly using "
-                                   "one of the following ways: \n"  // NOLINT
+                                   "one of the following ways: \n"
 
                                 << "Method 1. set cuda and cudnn lib path at "
                                    "runtime. "
                                 << "http://www.paddlepaddle.org/doc/ui/"
                                    "cmd_argument/"
-                                   "argument_outline.html \n"  // NOLINT
+                                   "argument_outline.html \n"
                                 << "For instance, issue command: paddle train "
                                    "--use_gpu=1 "
                                 << "--cuda_dir=/usr/local/cuda/lib64 "
                                    "--cudnn_dir=/usr/local/cudnn/lib "
-                                   "...\n"  // NOLINT
+                                   "...\n"
 
                                 << "Method 2. set environment variable "
                                    "LD_LIBRARY_PATH on Linux or "
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ static inline void GetDsoHandleFromSearchPath(const std::string& search_root,
                                    "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH is impossible "
                                 << "unless System Integrity Protection (SIP) "
                                    "is disabled. However, "
-                                   "method 1 "  // NOLINT
+                                   "method 1 "
                                 << "always work well.";
 }
 
@@ -159,3 +162,11 @@ void GetCurandDsoHandle(void** dso_handle) {
   GetDsoHandleFromSearchPath(FLAGS_cuda_dir, "libcurand.so", dso_handle);
 #endif
 }
+
+void GetWarpCTCDsoHandle(void** dso_handle) {
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__OSX__)
+  GetDsoHandleFromSearchPath(FLAGS_warpctc_dir, "libwarpctc.dylib", dso_handle);
+#else
+  GetDsoHandleFromSearchPath(FLAGS_warpctc_dir, "libwarpctc.so", dso_handle);
+#endif
+}

paddle/cuda/src/hl_warpctc_wrap.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include "hl_warpctc_wrap.h"
+#include "hl_dso_loader.h"
+#include "paddle/utils/Logging.h"
+
+namespace dynload {
+
+std::once_flag warpctc_dso_flag;
+void* warpctc_dso_handle = nullptr;
+
+/**
+ * The following macro definition can generate structs
+ * (for each function) to dynamic load warpctc routine
+ * via operator overloading. When PADDLE_USE_DSO is
+ * false, you need to add the path of libwarp-ctc.so to
+ * the linked-libs of paddle or to LD_PRELOAD.
+ */
+#ifdef PADDLE_USE_DSO
+#define DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP(__name)                              \
+  struct DynLoad__##__name {                                           \
+    template <typename... Args>                                        \
+    auto operator()(Args... args) -> decltype(__name(args...)) {       \
+      using warpctcFunc = decltype(__name(args...)) (*)(Args...);      \
+      std::call_once(                                                  \
+          warpctc_dso_flag, GetWarpCTCDsoHandle, &warpctc_dso_handle); \
+      void* p_##_name = dlsym(warpctc_dso_handle, #__name);            \
+      return reinterpret_cast<warpctcFunc>(p_##_name)(args...);        \
+    }                                                                  \
+  } __name;  // struct DynLoad__##__name
+#else
+#define DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP(__name)                        \
+  struct DynLoad__##__name {                                     \
+    template <typename... Args>                                  \
+    auto operator()(Args... args) -> decltype(__name(args...)) { \
+      return __name(args...);                                    \
+    }                                                            \
+  } __name;  // struct DynLoad__##__name
+#endif
+
+// include all needed warp-ctc functions
+DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP(get_warpctc_version)
+DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP(ctcGetStatusString)
+DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP(compute_ctc_loss)
+DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP(get_workspace_size)
+
+#undef DYNAMIC_LOAD_WARPCTC_WRAP
+
+} /* namespace dynload */
+
+#define WARPCTC_GET_VERSION dynload::get_warpctc_version
+#define WARPCTC_GET_STATUS_STRING dynload::ctcGetStatusString
+
+#ifndef PADDLE_TYPE_DOUBLE
+#define WARPCTC_COMPUTE_LOSS dynload::compute_ctc_loss
+#define WARPCTC_GET_WORKSPACE_SIZE dynload::get_workspace_size
+#else
+#define WARPCTC_LOG_FATAL                                \
+  LOG(FATAL) << "warp-ctc [version " << g_warpctcVersion \
+             << "] Error: not support double precision."
+#define WARPCTC_COMPUTE_LOSS(...) WARPCTC_LOG_FATAL(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define WARPCTC_GET_WORKSPACE_SIZE(...) WARPCTC_LOG_FATAL(__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Check build-in warp-ctc function using glog and it also
+ * support << operator for more details error info.
+ */
+static int g_warpctcVersion = -1;
+#define CHECK_WARPCTC(warpctcStat)                \
+  CHECK_EQ(CTC_STATUS_SUCCESS, warpctcStat)       \
+      << "warp-ctc [version " << g_warpctcVersion \
+      << "] Error: " << WARPCTC_GET_STATUS_STRING(warpctcStat) << " "
+
+void hl_warpctc_init(const size_t blank,
+                     bool useGpu,
+                     hl_warpctc_options_t* options) {
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(options);
+
+  g_warpctcVersion = WARPCTC_GET_VERSION();
+
+  if (useGpu) {
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+    options->loc = CTC_GPU;
+    options->stream = STREAM_DEFAULT;
+#else
+    LOG(FATAL) << "[warpctc init] GPU is not enabled.";
+#endif
+  } else {
+    options->loc = CTC_CPU;
+    options->num_threads = 1;
+  }
+
+  options->blank_label = blank;
+}
+
+void hl_warpctc_compute_loss(const real* batchInput,
+                             real* batchGrad,
+                             const int* cpuLabels,
+                             const int* cpuLabelLengths,
+                             const int* cpuInputLengths,
+                             const size_t numClasses,
+                             const size_t numSequences,
+                             real* cpuCosts,
+                             void* workspace,
+                             hl_warpctc_options_t* options) {
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(batchInput);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(cpuLabels);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(cpuLabelLengths);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(cpuInputLengths);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(cpuCosts);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(workspace);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(options);
+
+  CHECK_WARPCTC(WARPCTC_COMPUTE_LOSS(batchInput,
+                                     batchGrad,
+                                     cpuLabels,
+                                     cpuLabelLengths,
+                                     cpuInputLengths,
+                                     numClasses,
+                                     numSequences,
+                                     cpuCosts,
+                                     workspace,
+                                     *options));
+}
+
+void hl_warpctc_get_workspace_size(const int* cpuLabelLengths,
+                                   const int* cpuInputLengths,
+                                   const size_t numClasses,
+                                   const size_t numSequences,
+                                   hl_warpctc_options_t* options,
+                                   size_t* bytes) {
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(cpuLabelLengths);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(cpuInputLengths);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(options);
+  CHECK_NOTNULL(bytes);
+
+  CHECK_WARPCTC(WARPCTC_GET_WORKSPACE_SIZE(cpuLabelLengths,
+                                           cpuInputLengths,
+                                           numClasses,
+                                           numSequences,
+                                           *options,
+                                           bytes));
+}

paddle/gserver/activations/ActivationFunction.cpp

@@ -289,7 +289,7 @@ void forward(Argument& act) {
                          useGpu(act.deviceId));
 
   act.in->copyFrom(*act.value);
-  act.value->abs(*act.value);
+  act.value->abs2(*act.value);
 }
 
 void backward(Argument& act) { act.grad->absDerivative(*act.in); }
@@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ void forward(Argument& act) {
                          useGpu(act.deviceId));
 
   act.in->copyFrom(*act.value);
-  act.value->square(*act.value);
+  act.value->square2(*act.value);
 }
 
 void backward(Argument& act) { act.grad->squareDerivative(*act.in); }
@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ END_DEFINE_ACTIVATION(square)
  * \f]
  */
 BEGIN_DEFINE_ACTIVATION(exponential)
-void forward(Argument& act) { act.value->exp(*act.value); }
+void forward(Argument& act) { act.value->exp2(*act.value); }
 
 void backward(Argument& act) { act.grad->expDerivative(*act.value); }
 END_DEFINE_ACTIVATION(exponential)
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ void forward(Argument& act) {
                          useGpu(act.deviceId));
 
   act.in->copyFrom(*act.value);
-  act.value->log(*act.value);
+  act.value->log2(*act.value);
 }
 
 void backward(Argument& act) { act.grad->dotDiv(*act.grad, *act.in); }

paddle/gserver/layers/BatchNormalizationLayer.cpp

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ void BatchNormalizationLayer::calMeanAndStd(const MatrixPtr& mat) {
   savedMean_->mulScalar(1.0 / numSamples);  // E[x]
 
   tmpMat_->assign(*mat);
-  tmpMat_->square();
+  tmpMat_->square2();
   savedInvVar_->zeroMem();
   savedInvVar_->accumulateColSum(*tmpMat_);
   savedInvVar_->mulScalar(1.0 / numSamples);   // E[x^2]
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ void BatchNormalizationLayer::calMeanAndStd(const MatrixPtr& mat) {
   calMovingMeanAndVar();
 
   savedInvVar_->subScalar(-EPS);
-  savedInvVar_->sqrt(*savedInvVar_);
+  savedInvVar_->sqrt2(*savedInvVar_);
 }
 
 void BatchNormalizationLayer::calMovingMeanAndVar() {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void BatchNormalizationLayer::setMeanAndStd() {
   savedInvVar_->downClip(real(0.0));
 
   savedInvVar_->subScalar(-EPS);
-  savedInvVar_->sqrt(*savedInvVar_);
+  savedInvVar_->sqrt2(*savedInvVar_);
 }
 
 void BatchNormalizationLayer::expandMat(const MatrixPtr& in, MatrixPtr& out) {

paddle/gserver/layers/CostLayer.cpp

@@ -115,12 +115,12 @@ void MultiClassCrossEntropyWithSelfNorm::forwardImp(Matrix& output,
                                                     Matrix& target) {
   Matrix::resizeOrCreate(sftMaxSum_, output.getHeight(), 1, false, useGpu_);
   output.rowSum(*sftMaxSum_);
-  sftMaxSum_->log();
+  sftMaxSum_->log2();
 
   target.oneHotCrossEntropy(output, *label.ids);
   target.add(*sftMaxSum_);
 
-  sftMaxSum_->square();
+  sftMaxSum_->square2();
   target.add(*sftMaxSum_, config_.softmax_selfnorm_alpha());
 }
 
@@ -131,12 +131,12 @@ void MultiClassCrossEntropyWithSelfNorm::backwardImp(Matrix& output,
   output.rowSum(*sftMaxSum_);
 
   Matrix::resizeOrCreate(sumInv_, output.getHeight(), 1, false, useGpu_);
-  sftMaxSum_->reciprocal(*sumInv_);
+  sftMaxSum_->reciprocal2(*sumInv_);
 
   outputG.oneHotCrossEntropyBp(output, *label.ids);
   outputG.addColumnVector(*sumInv_);
 
-  sftMaxSum_->log();
+  sftMaxSum_->log2();
   sumInv_->dotMul(*sumInv_, *sftMaxSum_);
   sumInv_->mulScalar(2 * config_.softmax_selfnorm_alpha());
 

paddle/gserver/layers/Layer.cpp

@@ -316,12 +316,12 @@ void Layer::showOutputStats() {
     auto tmpMat = dynamic_cast<CpuSparseMatrix*>(outSquare.get());
     min = tmpMat->getMin();
     max = tmpMat->getMax();
-    tmpMat->square();
+    tmpMat->square2();
     LOG(INFO) << "show statistics of [none zero values] in sparse matrix";
   } else {
     min = outSquare->getMin();
     max = outSquare->getMax();
-    outSquare->square();
+    outSquare->square2();
   }
   real std = (outSquare->getSum() / outSquare->getElementCnt()) - mean * mean;
   std = std > 0 ? std : 0;

paddle/gserver/layers/LinearChainCRF.cpp

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ real LinearChainCRF::forward(real* x, int* s, int length) {
   expX_->assign(*matX);
   // subtract max to avoid overflow or underflow
   expX_->mul(maxX_, ones_, (real)-1, (real)1);
-  expX_->exp();
+  expX_->exp2();
 
   real* a = a_->getData();
   real* b = b_->getData();
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ real LinearChainCRF::forward(real* x, int* s, int length) {
   real* expX = expX_->getData();
   real* maxX = maxX_->getData();
 
-  expW_->exp(*w_);
+  expW_->exp2(*w_);
   real* expW = expW_->getData();
 
   for (int i = 0; i < numClasses_; ++i) {

paddle/gserver/layers/PowerLayer.cpp

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void PowerLayer::backward(const UpdateCallback& callback) {
     Matrix::resizeOrCreate(tmpMtx, batchSize, dataDim, false, useGpu_);
 
     if (inG0) {
-      tmpMtx->log(*inV1);
+      tmpMtx->log2(*inV1);
       tmpMtx->dotMul(*tmpMtx, *outV);
 
       // inG0 += outG .* (log(inV1) * outV)

paddle/gserver/layers/WarpCTCLayer.cpp

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "WarpCTCLayer.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+REGISTER_LAYER(warp_ctc, WarpCTCLayer);
+
+bool WarpCTCLayer::init(const LayerMap& layerMap,
+                        const ParameterMap& parameterMap) {
+  /* Initialize the basic parament class */
+  Layer::init(layerMap, parameterMap);
+
+  CHECK_EQ(inputLayers_.size(), 2UL);
+
+  /* The inputLayers_[0] must be sequence output without softmax */
+  numClasses_ = config_.size();
+  CHECK_GE(numClasses_, 2UL);
+  CHECK_EQ(numClasses_, inputLayers_[0]->getSize());
+
+  blank_ = config_.blank();
+  CHECK_GE(blank_, 0UL);
+  CHECK_LT(blank_, numClasses_);
+
+  normByTimes_ = config_.norm_by_times();
+
+  // We don't need sequenceStartPositions because each sample of output_ is
+  // for the cost of one sequence.
+  setNeedSequenceInfo(false);
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+void WarpCTCLayer::forward(PassType passType) {
+  Layer::forward(passType);
+
+  const Argument& output = getInput(0);
+  const Argument& labels = getInput(1);
+
+  CHECK(output.sequenceStartPositions);
+  CHECK(labels.sequenceStartPositions);
+  CHECK(labels.ids);
+
+  size_t numSequences = labels.sequenceStartPositions->getSize() - 1;
+  CHECK_EQ(numSequences, output.sequenceStartPositions->getSize() - 1);
+
+  resizeOutput(numSequences, 1);
+
+  const int* cpuLabelStartPositions =
+      labels.sequenceStartPositions->getData(false);
+  const int* cpuOutputStartPositions =
+      output.sequenceStartPositions->getData(false);
+
+  std::vector<int> cpuLabelLengths(numSequences);
+  std::vector<int> cpuOutputLengths(numSequences);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < numSequences; i++) {
+    cpuLabelLengths[i] =
+        cpuLabelStartPositions[i + 1] - cpuLabelStartPositions[i];
+    cpuOutputLengths[i] =
+        cpuOutputStartPositions[i + 1] - cpuOutputStartPositions[i];
+  }
+
+  /* Get the maximum sequence length */
+  maxSequenceLength_ = 0;
+  maxSequenceLength_ = *std::max_element(
+      cpuOutputLengths.data(), cpuOutputLengths.data() + numSequences);
+
+  Matrix::resizeOrCreate(batchValue_,
+                         /* height */ numSequences * maxSequenceLength_,
+                         /* width */ numClasses_,
+                         /* trans */ false,
+                         /* useGpu */ useGpu_);
+
+  Matrix::resizeOrCreate(batchGrad_,
+                         /* height */ numSequences * maxSequenceLength_,
+                         /* width */ numClasses_,
+                         /* trans */ false,
+                         /* useGpu */ useGpu_);
+  batchGrad_->zeroMem();
+
+  seq2batchPadding(output.value, batchValue_, output.sequenceStartPositions);
+
+  /* labels always in CPU memory */
+  IVector::resizeOrCreate(cpuLabels_,
+                          /* size */ (labels.ids)->getSize(),
+                          /* useGpu */ false);
+  cpuLabels_->copyFrom(*(labels.ids));
+
+  /* labels always in CPU memory */
+  Matrix::resizeOrCreate(cpuCosts_,
+                         /* height */ numSequences,
+                         /* width */ 1,
+                         /* trans */ false,
+                         /* useGpu */ false);
+
+  /* Init warp-ctc options */
+  hl_warpctc_options_t options;
+  hl_warpctc_init(blank_, useGpu_, &options);
+
+  /* Get the needed workspace size */
+  size_t workspaceBytes = 0;
+  hl_warpctc_get_workspace_size(cpuLabelLengths.data(),
+                                cpuOutputLengths.data(),
+                                numClasses_,
+                                numSequences,
+                                &options,
+                                &workspaceBytes);
+  CHECK_GT(workspaceBytes, 0UL);
+
+  size_t workspaceLength = workspaceBytes / sizeof(real) + 1;
+  Vector::resizeOrCreate(workspace_,
+                         /* size */ workspaceLength,
+                         /* useGpu */ useGpu_);
+
+  hl_warpctc_compute_loss(batchValue_->getData(),
+                          batchGrad_->getData(),
+                          cpuLabels_->getData(),
+                          cpuLabelLengths.data(),
+                          cpuOutputLengths.data(),
+                          numClasses_,
+                          numSequences,
+                          cpuCosts_->getData(),
+                          workspace_->getData(),
+                          &options);
+
+  /* Copy the costs */
+  output_.value->copyFrom(*cpuCosts_);
+}
+
+void WarpCTCLayer::backward(const UpdateCallback& callback) {
+  (void)callback;
+
+  const Argument& output = getInput(0);
+  CHECK(batchGrad_);
+
+  batch2seqPadding(
+      output.grad, batchGrad_, output.sequenceStartPositions, normByTimes_);
+}
+
+void WarpCTCLayer::seq2batchPadding(const MatrixPtr& seqValue,
+                                    MatrixPtr& batchValue,
+                                    const ICpuGpuVectorPtr& seqStartPositions) {
+  size_t numSequences = seqStartPositions->getSize() - 1;
+  const int* seqStartPositionsData = seqStartPositions->getData(useGpu_);
+
+  real* seqData = seqValue->getData();
+  real* batchData = batchValue->getData();
+  if (useGpu_) {
+    hl_sequence2batch_copy_padding(batchData,
+                                   seqData,
+                                   seqStartPositionsData,
+                                   numClasses_,
+                                   maxSequenceLength_,
+                                   numSequences,
+                                   false,
+                                   true);
+  } else {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < maxSequenceLength_; i++) {
+      for (size_t j = 0; j < numSequences; j++) {
+        size_t sequenceStart = seqStartPositionsData[j];
+        size_t sequenceLength =
+            seqStartPositionsData[j + 1] - seqStartPositionsData[j];
+        if (i < sequenceLength) {
+          memcpy(batchData + (i * numSequences + j) * numClasses_,
+                 seqData + (sequenceStart + i) * numClasses_,
+                 numClasses_ * sizeof(real));
+        } else {
+          memset(batchData + (i * numSequences + j) * numClasses_,
+                 0,
+                 numClasses_ * sizeof(real));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void WarpCTCLayer::batch2seqPadding(const MatrixPtr& seqValue,
+                                    MatrixPtr& batchValue,
+                                    const ICpuGpuVectorPtr& seqStartPositions,
+                                    bool normByTimes) {
+  size_t numSequences = seqStartPositions->getSize() - 1;
+  const int* seqStartPositionsData = seqStartPositions->getData(useGpu_);
+
+  real* seqData = seqValue->getData();
+  real* batchData = batchValue->getData();
+  if (useGpu_) {
+    hl_sequence2batch_copy_padding(batchData,
+                                   seqData,
+                                   seqStartPositionsData,
+                                   numClasses_,
+                                   maxSequenceLength_,
+                                   numSequences,
+                                   normByTimes,
+                                   false);
+  } else {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < numSequences; i++) {
+      int sequenceStart = seqStartPositionsData[i];
+      int sequenceLength =
+          seqStartPositionsData[i + 1] - seqStartPositionsData[i];
+      real scale = normByTimes ? (1.0f / (real)sequenceLength) : 1.0f;
+      for (int j = 0; j < sequenceLength; j++) {
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < numClasses_; k++) {
+          seqData[(sequenceStart + j) * numClasses_ + k] =
+              batchData[(j * numSequences + i) * numClasses_ + k] * scale;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/gserver/layers/WarpCTCLayer.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Layer.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+/**
+ * @brief A layer integrating the open-source warp-ctc library
+ *        <https://github.com/baidu-research/warp-ctc> to compute connectionist
+ *        temporal classification cost.
+ *
+ * The config file api is warp_ctc_layer.
+ */
+class WarpCTCLayer : public Layer {
+public:
+  explicit WarpCTCLayer(const LayerConfig& config) : Layer(config) {}
+  ~WarpCTCLayer() {}
+
+  virtual bool init(const LayerMap& layerMap, const ParameterMap& parameterMap);
+  virtual void forward(PassType passType);
+  virtual void backward(const UpdateCallback& callback);
+
+protected:
+  /**
+   * sequence matrix and batch matrix copy:
+   * sequence (s0, s0, s0, s0; s1, s1; s2, s2, s2; s3)
+   * batch    (s0, s1, s2, s3; s0, s1, s2, 0; s0, 0, s2, 0; s0, 0, 0, 0)
+   */
+  void seq2batchPadding(const MatrixPtr& seqValue,
+                        MatrixPtr& batchValue,
+                        const ICpuGpuVectorPtr& seqStartPositions);
+  void batch2seqPadding(const MatrixPtr& seqValue,
+                        MatrixPtr& batchValue,
+                        const ICpuGpuVectorPtr& seqStartPositions,
+                        bool normByTimes);
+
+protected:
+  size_t numClasses_;
+  size_t blank_;
+  size_t maxSequenceLength_;
+  bool normByTimes_;
+
+  MatrixPtr batchValue_;
+  MatrixPtr batchGrad_;
+  VectorPtr workspace_;
+
+  IVectorPtr cpuLabels_;
+  MatrixPtr cpuCosts_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/gserver/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -77,6 +77,17 @@ add_unittest(test_RecurrentLayer
     test_RecurrentLayer.cpp
     TestUtil.cpp)
 
+############### test_WarpCTCLayer #######################
+if(NOT WITH_DOUBLE)
+    add_unittest_without_exec(test_WarpCTCLayer
+        test_WarpCTCLayer.cpp
+        TestUtil.cpp)
+
+    add_test(NAME test_WarpCTCLayer
+        COMMAND ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/test_WarpCTCLayer --warpctc_dir=${PROJ_ROOT}/warp-ctc/build
+        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${PROJ_ROOT}/paddle)
+endif()
+
 ############### test_RecurrentGradientMachine ###############
 # TODO(yuyang18): There is some bug in test_RecurrentGradientMachine
 # I will fix it.

paddle/gserver/tests/test_PyDataProvider2.cpp

@@ -15,16 +15,16 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #ifndef PADDLE_NO_PYTHON
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 #include <fstream>
-#include "paddle/utils/Util.h"
-#include "paddle/utils/PythonUtil.h"
 #include "paddle/gserver/dataproviders/DataProvider.h"
+#include "paddle/utils/PythonUtil.h"
+#include "paddle/utils/Util.h"
 
 P_DEFINE_string(train_list, "unittest.list", "file list for unittest");
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace unittest {
 namespace pydp2 {
-extern void setOnPoolFilledHook(const std::function<void(size_t)>& func);
+extern void setOnPoolFilledHook(const std::function<void(size_t)> &func);
 extern void clearOnPoolFilledHook();
 
 }  // namespace pydp2
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ extern void clearOnPoolFilledHook();
 
 const paddle::real epsilon = 1e-5;
 
-static inline int64_t readDataBatch(paddle::DataBatch* batch,
-                                    const std::string& funcName,
+static inline int64_t readDataBatch(paddle::DataBatch *batch,
+                                    const std::string &funcName,
                                     int64_t batchSize = 65535) {
   paddle::DataConfig config;
   config.set_type("py2");
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, init_hook) {
   paddle::DataBatch batch;
   int64_t num = provider->getNextBatchInternal(100000, &batch);
   ASSERT_EQ(num, 200);
-  auto& mat = batch.getStreams()[0].value;
+  auto &mat = batch.getStreams()[0].value;
   ASSERT_EQ((size_t)mat->getWidth(), (size_t)20);
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
     for (size_t j = 0; j < 20; ++j) {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, sparse_no_value_no_seq) {
   CHECK(csm != nullptr);
   for (int i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
     CHECK_EQ(csm->getColNum(i), (size_t)10);
-    int* cols = csm->getRowCols(i);
+    int *cols = csm->getRowCols(i);
     for (int j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
       CHECK_EQ(cols[j], (i + 1) * (j + 1));
     }
@@ -185,8 +185,8 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, sparse_value_no_seq) {
   CHECK(csm != nullptr);
   for (int i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
     CHECK_EQ(csm->getColNum(i), (size_t)10);
-    int* cols = csm->getRowCols(i);
-    real* dat = csm->getRowValues(i);
+    int *cols = csm->getRowCols(i);
+    real *dat = csm->getRowValues(i);
     for (int j = 0; j < 10; ++j) {
       EXPECT_EQ(cols[j], (i + 1) * (j + 1));
       EXPECT_EQ(dat[j], real(j) / real(i + 1));
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, sparse_value_no_seq) {
 TEST(PyDataProvider2, index_seq) {
   paddle::DataBatch batch;
   CHECK_EQ(readDataBatch(&batch, "test_index_seq"), 200);
-  auto& arg = batch.getStreams()[0];
+  auto &arg = batch.getStreams()[0];
   CHECK_EQ((int)arg.ids->getSize(), (200 + 1) * 200 / 2);
   size_t tmp = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {  // CHECK DATA CORRECT
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, index_seq) {
 TEST(PyDataProvider2, index_sub_seq) {
   paddle::DataBatch batch;
   ASSERT_EQ(readDataBatch(&batch, "test_index_sub_seq"), 200);
-  auto& arg = batch.getStreams()[0];
+  auto &arg = batch.getStreams()[0];
   size_t tmp = 0;
   for (size_t i = 0; i < 200; ++i) {
     for (size_t j = 0; j < i + 1; ++j) {
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, min_pool_size) {
     }
   });
   while (true) {
-    size_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(batchSize, &batch);
+    int64_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(batchSize, &batch);
     if (realBatchSize) {
       totalData -= realBatchSize;
     } else {
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, can_over_batch_size) {
   provider->reset();
   constexpr size_t batchSize = 100;
   while (true) {
-    size_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(batchSize, &batch);
+    int64_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(batchSize, &batch);
     if (realBatchSize) {
       CHECK_LE(realBatchSize, batchSize);
     } else {
@@ -317,12 +317,12 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, input_order) {
   provider->reset();
   constexpr size_t batchSize = 100;
   while (true) {
-    size_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(batchSize, &batch);
+    int64_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(batchSize, &batch);
     if (!realBatchSize) {
       break;
     }
-    ASSERT_EQ(batch.getStreams().size(), (size_t)2);
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < realBatchSize; ++i) {
+    ASSERT_EQ(batch.getStreams().size(), static_cast<size_t>(2));
+    for (int64_t i = 0; i < realBatchSize; ++i) {
       ASSERT_EQ(batch.getStream(0).ids->getData()[i], 0);
       ASSERT_EQ(batch.getStream(1).ids->getData()[i], 1);
     }
@@ -341,11 +341,11 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, test_check) {
       paddle::DataProvider::create(config, false));
   provider->reset();
   while (true) {
-    size_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(100, &batch);
+    int64_t realBatchSize = provider->getNextBatchInternal(100, &batch);
     if (!realBatchSize) {
       break;
     } else {
-      auto& ivec = batch.getStream(0).ids;
+      auto &ivec = batch.getStream(0).ids;
       for (size_t i = 0; i < ivec->getSize(); ++i) {
         CHECK_LT(ivec->getData()[i], 10);
       }
@@ -370,7 +370,30 @@ TEST(PyDataProvider2, multiThread) {
   provider.reset();
 }
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+TEST(PyDataProvider2, minPoolSizeWithCache) {
+  paddle::DataConfig config;
+  config.set_type("py2");
+  config.set_files(FLAGS_train_list.c_str());
+  config.set_load_data_module("test_PyDataProvider2");
+  config.set_load_data_object("test_min_pool_size_with_cache");
+  config.set_async_load_data(true);
+
+  std::unique_ptr<paddle::DataProvider> provider(
+      paddle::DataProvider::create(config, false));
+
+  paddle::DataBatch batch;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
+    provider->reset();
+    int64_t sum = 0;
+    while (int64_t actualNum = provider->getNextBatch(100, &batch)) {
+      sum += actualNum;
+    }
+    ASSERT_EQ(1 << 20, sum);
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
   paddle::initMain(argc, argv);
   paddle::initPython(argc, argv);

paddle/gserver/tests/test_PyDataProvider2.py

@@ -111,3 +111,13 @@ def test_check(settings, filename):
             if i < 10:
                 yield_good_value = True
             yield i
+
+
+@provider(
+    input_types=[index_slot(10)],
+    min_pool_size=1000,
+    cache=CacheType.CACHE_PASS_IN_MEM, )
+def test_min_pool_size_with_cache(settings, filename):
+    import random
+    for _ in xrange(2**20):
+        yield random.randint(0, 9)

paddle/gserver/tests/test_WarpCTCLayer.cpp

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+#include <paddle/utils/Version.h>
+#include "paddle/gserver/layers/Layer.h"
+#include "paddle/gserver/layers/DataLayer.h"
+#include "paddle/gserver/layers/CTCLayer.h"
+#include "paddle/gserver/layers/WarpCTCLayer.h"
+#include "ModelConfig.pb.h"
+
+#include "TestUtil.h"
+
+using namespace paddle;  // NOLINT
+using namespace std;     // NOLINT
+
+P_DECLARE_bool(use_gpu);
+
+const real* getData(const Matrix& matrix) {
+  if (matrix.useGpu()) {
+    MatrixPtr cpuMatrix = Matrix::create(
+        matrix.getHeight(), matrix.getWidth(), matrix.isTransposed(), false);
+    cpuMatrix->copyFrom(matrix);
+    return cpuMatrix->getData();
+  } else {
+    return matrix.getData();
+  }
+}
+
+int checkError(const Matrix& matrix1, const Matrix& matrix2) {
+  CHECK_EQ(matrix1.getHeight(), matrix2.getHeight());
+  CHECK_EQ(matrix1.getWidth(), matrix2.getWidth());
+  CHECK_EQ(matrix1.isTransposed(), matrix2.isTransposed());
+#ifndef PADDLE_TYPE_DOUBLE
+  real err = 1e-3;
+#else
+  real err = 1e-10;
+#endif
+
+  int height = matrix1.getHeight();
+  int width = matrix1.getWidth();
+
+  const real* data1 = getData(matrix1);
+  const real* data2 = getData(matrix2);
+  int count = 0;
+  for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+    for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
+      if (fabs(data1[i * width + j] - data2[i * width + j]) > err) {
+        count++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  EXPECT_EQ(count, 0) << "There are " << count << " different element.";
+  return count;
+}
+
+void initArgument(size_t batchSize,
+                  int layerSize,
+                  bool useGpu,
+                  Argument& data) {
+  data.value = Matrix::create(batchSize, layerSize, false, useGpu);
+  data.grad = Matrix::create(batchSize, layerSize, false, useGpu);
+  data.value->randomizeUniform();
+  data.value->add(-0.5);
+  data.grad->zeroMem();
+
+  generateSequenceStartPositions(batchSize, data.sequenceStartPositions);
+}
+
+LayerPtr createDataLayer(
+    string name, size_t batchSize, int layerSize, bool useGpu, Argument& data) {
+  LayerConfig layerConfig;
+  layerConfig.set_name(name);
+  layerConfig.set_type("data");
+  layerConfig.set_size(layerSize);
+  LayerPtr layer = LayerPtr(new DataLayer(layerConfig));
+
+  DataLayerPtr dataLayer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DataLayer>(layer);
+  dataLayer->setData(data);
+  dataLayer->forward(PASS_GC);
+
+  return layer;
+}
+
+LayerPtr createLabelLayer(string name,
+                          size_t batchSize,
+                          size_t numClasses,
+                          bool useGpu) {
+  LayerConfig layerConfig;
+  layerConfig.set_name(name);
+  layerConfig.set_type("data");
+  layerConfig.set_size(1);
+  LayerPtr layer = LayerPtr(new DataLayer(layerConfig));
+
+  Argument data;
+  data.ids = IVector::create(batchSize, useGpu);
+  data.ids->rand(numClasses - 1);
+
+  generateSequenceStartPositions(batchSize, data.sequenceStartPositions);
+
+  DataLayerPtr labelLayer = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<DataLayer>(layer);
+  labelLayer->setData(data);
+  labelLayer->forward(PASS_GC);
+
+  return layer;
+}
+
+LayerPtr createCTCLayer(string name,
+                        size_t numClasses,
+                        bool useGpu,
+                        bool normByTimes,
+                        LayerPtr dataLayer,
+                        LayerPtr labelLayer) {
+  LayerMap layerMap;
+  layerMap[dataLayer->getName()] = dataLayer;
+  layerMap[labelLayer->getName()] = labelLayer;
+
+  ParameterMap parameterMap;
+
+  LayerConfig layerConfig;
+  layerConfig.set_name(name);
+  layerConfig.set_type("ctc");
+  layerConfig.set_size(numClasses);
+  layerConfig.set_norm_by_times(normByTimes);
+
+  layerConfig.add_inputs();
+  LayerInputConfig& input0 = *(layerConfig.mutable_inputs(0));
+  input0.set_input_layer_name(dataLayer->getName());
+
+  layerConfig.add_inputs();
+  LayerInputConfig& input1 = *(layerConfig.mutable_inputs(1));
+  input1.set_input_layer_name(labelLayer->getName());
+
+  LayerPtr layer = LayerPtr(new CTCLayer(layerConfig));
+  layerMap[layer->getName()] = layer;
+  layer->init(layerMap, parameterMap);
+
+  ActivationFunction* softmaxActivation = ActivationFunction::create("softmax");
+
+  softmaxActivation->forward(dataLayer->getOutput());
+  layer->forward(PASS_GC);
+
+  layer->backward();
+  softmaxActivation->backward(dataLayer->getOutput());
+
+  return layer;
+}
+
+LayerPtr createWarpCTCLayer(string name,
+                            size_t numClasses,
+                            bool useGpu,
+                            bool normByTimes,
+                            LayerPtr dataLayer,
+                            LayerPtr labelLayer) {
+  LayerMap layerMap;
+  layerMap[dataLayer->getName()] = dataLayer;
+  layerMap[labelLayer->getName()] = labelLayer;
+
+  ParameterMap parameterMap;
+
+  LayerConfig layerConfig;
+  layerConfig.set_name(name);
+  layerConfig.set_type("warp_ctc");
+  layerConfig.set_size(numClasses);
+  layerConfig.set_blank(numClasses - 1);
+  layerConfig.set_norm_by_times(normByTimes);
+
+  layerConfig.add_inputs();
+  LayerInputConfig& input0 = *(layerConfig.mutable_inputs(0));
+  input0.set_input_layer_name(dataLayer->getName());
+
+  layerConfig.add_inputs();
+  LayerInputConfig& input1 = *(layerConfig.mutable_inputs(1));
+  input1.set_input_layer_name(labelLayer->getName());
+
+  LayerPtr layer = LayerPtr(new WarpCTCLayer(layerConfig));
+  layerMap[layer->getName()] = layer;
+  layer->init(layerMap, parameterMap);
+
+  layer->forward(PASS_GC);
+  layer->backward();
+
+  return layer;
+}
+
+TEST(Layer, WarpCTCLayer) {
+  for (auto layerSize : {10, 64}) {
+    for (auto batchSize : {1, 10, 32}) {
+      for (auto normByTimes : {false, true}) {
+        for (auto useGpu : {false, true}) {
+#ifdef PADDLE_ONLY_CPU
+          if (useGpu) continue;
+#endif
+          LOG(INFO) << "layerSize=" << layerSize << " batchSize=" << batchSize
+                    << " normByTimes = " << normByTimes << " useGpu=" << useGpu;
+
+          FLAGS_use_gpu = useGpu;
+
+          Argument data0;
+          initArgument(batchSize, layerSize, useGpu, data0);
+
+          Argument data1;
+          data1.resizeAndCopyFrom(data0);
+
+          LayerPtr dataLayer0 =
+              createDataLayer("data", batchSize, layerSize, useGpu, data0);
+          LayerPtr dataLayer1 =
+              createDataLayer("data", batchSize, layerSize, useGpu, data1);
+
+          LayerPtr labelLayer =
+              createLabelLayer("label", batchSize, layerSize, useGpu);
+
+          LayerPtr warpctcLayer = createWarpCTCLayer(
+              "cost", layerSize, useGpu, normByTimes, dataLayer0, labelLayer);
+          LayerPtr ctcLayer = createCTCLayer(
+              "cost", layerSize, useGpu, normByTimes, dataLayer1, labelLayer);
+
+          /// Check cost
+          LOG(INFO) << "Check cost: "
+                    << checkError(*(warpctcLayer->getOutput().value),
+                                  *(ctcLayer->getOutput().value))
+                    << " different elements.";
+
+          /// Check gradients
+          LOG(INFO) << "Check gradients: "
+                    << checkError(*(dataLayer0->getOutput().grad),
+                                  *(dataLayer1->getOutput().grad))
+                    << " different elements";
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc, argv);
+  initMain(argc, argv);
+  return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}

paddle/math/BaseMatrix.cu

@@ -355,11 +355,11 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::neg() { applyUnary(unary::Neg<T>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Exp, a = exp(a));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::exp() { applyUnary(unary::Exp<real>()); }
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::exp2() { applyUnary(unary::Exp<real>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Log, a = log(a));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::log() {
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::log2() {
   if (useGpu_) {
     applyUnary(unary::Log<real>());
   } else {
@@ -369,23 +369,23 @@ void BaseMatrixT<real>::log() {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Sqrt, a = sqrt(a));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::sqrt() { applyUnary(unary::Sqrt<real>()); }
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::sqrt2() { applyUnary(unary::Sqrt<real>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Square, a = a * a);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::square() { applyUnary(unary::Square<T>()); }
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::square2() { applyUnary(unary::Square<T>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Reciprocal, a = 1.0f / a);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocal() { applyUnary(unary::Reciprocal<T>()); }
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocal2() { applyUnary(unary::Reciprocal<T>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Abs, a = a > 0 ? a : -a);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::abs() { applyUnary(unary::Abs<T>()); }
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::abs2() { applyUnary(unary::Abs<T>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Sign, a = (a > 0) - (a < 0));
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::sign() { applyUnary(unary::Sign<T>()); }
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::sign2() { applyUnary(unary::Sign<T>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_OP(Zero, a = 0);
 template<class T>
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::one() { applyUnary(unary::One<T>()); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_UNARY_PARAMETER_OP(Pow, ONE_PARAMETER, a = pow(a, p));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::pow(real p) {
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::pow2(real p) {
   if (useGpu_) {
     applyUnary(unary::Pow<real>(p));
   } else {
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::add(BaseMatrixT& b, T p) {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_PARAMETER_OP(Pow, ONE_PARAMETER, a = pow(b, p));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::pow(BaseMatrixT& b, real p) {
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::pow2(BaseMatrixT& b, real p) {
   if (useGpu_) {
     applyBinary(binary::Pow<real>(p), b);
   } else {
@@ -615,7 +615,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::breluDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b) {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Square, b = a * a);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::square(BaseMatrixT& b) {
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::square2(BaseMatrixT& b) {
   applyBinary(binary::Square<T>(), b);
 }
 
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::scaledTanhDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b, T p1, T p2) {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Reciprocal, b = 1.0f / a);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocal(BaseMatrixT& b) {
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocal2(BaseMatrixT& b) {
   applyBinary(binary::Reciprocal<T>(), b);
 }
 
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocalDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b) {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Abs, b = a > 0.0f ? a : -a);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::abs(BaseMatrixT& b) { applyBinary(binary::Abs<T>(), b); }
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::abs2(BaseMatrixT& b) { applyBinary(binary::Abs<T>(), b); }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(AbsDerivative, a = (b > 0) ? a : (b < 0) ? -a : 0);
 template<class T>
@@ -729,17 +729,19 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::expDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b) {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Sign, b = a > 0.0f ? 1.0f : -1.0f);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::sign(BaseMatrixT& b) { applyBinary(binary::Sign<T>(), b); }
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::sign2(BaseMatrixT& b) {
+  applyBinary(binary::Sign<T>(), b);
+}
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Exp, a = exp(b));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::exp(BaseMatrixT& b) {
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::exp2(BaseMatrixT& b) {
   applyBinary(binary::Exp<real>(), b);
 }
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Log, a = log(b));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::log(BaseMatrixT& b) {
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::log2(BaseMatrixT& b) {
   if (useGpu_) {
     applyBinary(binary::Log<real>(), b);
   } else {
@@ -749,7 +751,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<real>::log(BaseMatrixT& b) {
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_OP(Sqrt, a = sqrt(b));
 template<>
-void BaseMatrixT<real>::sqrt(BaseMatrixT& b) {
+void BaseMatrixT<real>::sqrt2(BaseMatrixT& b) {
   applyBinary(binary::Sqrt<real>(), b);
 }
 
@@ -1065,7 +1067,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::biggerThan(BaseMatrixT& b,
 
 DEFINE_MATRIX_TERNARY_OP(Max, a = (b > c) ? b : c);
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::max(BaseMatrixT& b, BaseMatrixT& c) {  // NOLINT
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::max2(BaseMatrixT& b, BaseMatrixT& c) {
   applyTernary(ternary::Max<T>(), b, c);
 }
 
@@ -1168,7 +1170,7 @@ void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocalSum(BaseMatrixT& b, BaseMatrixT& c, T p1, T p2,
 DEFINE_MATRIX_BINARY_PARAMETER_OP(Reciprocal2, TWO_PARAMETER,
                                   a = 1 / (p1 * b + p2));
 template<class T>
-void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocal(BaseMatrixT& b, T p1, T p2) {
+void BaseMatrixT<T>::reciprocal2(BaseMatrixT& b, T p1, T p2) {
   applyBinary(binary::Reciprocal2<T>(p1, p2), b);
 }
 

paddle/math/BaseMatrix.h

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include "paddle/utils/TypeDefs.h"
+#include "TensorExpression.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ public:
 };
 
 template <class T>
-class BaseMatrixT {
+class BaseMatrixT : public TensorExpression<BaseMatrixT<T>, T> {
 public:
   size_t height_, width_;
   size_t stride_;
@@ -427,14 +428,14 @@ public:
    *
    */
   void neg();
-  void exp();
-  void pow(T p);
-  void log();
-  void sqrt();
-  void square();
-  void reciprocal();
-  void abs();
-  void sign();
+  void exp2();
+  void pow2(T p);
+  void log2();
+  void sqrt2();
+  void square2();
+  void reciprocal2();
+  void abs2();
+  void sign2();
   void zero();
 
   /**
@@ -603,7 +604,7 @@ public:
    * b = this * this
    * @endcode
    */
-  void square(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void square2(BaseMatrixT& b);
   void squareDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b);
 
   /**
@@ -627,7 +628,7 @@ public:
    * b = 1.0f / this
    * @endcode
    */
-  void reciprocal(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void reciprocal2(BaseMatrixT& b);
   void reciprocalDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b);
 
   /**
@@ -635,7 +636,7 @@ public:
    * b = this > 0.0f ? this : -this
    * @endcode
    */
-  void abs(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void abs2(BaseMatrixT& b);
   void absDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b);
 
   /**
@@ -653,12 +654,12 @@ public:
    */
   void expDerivative(BaseMatrixT& b);
 
-  void sign(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void sign2(BaseMatrixT& b);
 
-  void exp(BaseMatrixT& b);
-  void pow(BaseMatrixT& b, T p);
-  void log(BaseMatrixT& b);
-  void sqrt(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void exp2(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void pow2(BaseMatrixT& b, T p);
+  void log2(BaseMatrixT& b);
+  void sqrt2(BaseMatrixT& b);
   void addScalar(BaseMatrixT& b, T p);
   void subScalar(BaseMatrixT& b, T p);
   void mulScalar(BaseMatrixT& b, T p);
@@ -828,7 +829,7 @@ public:
    * this = b>c ? b : c
    * @endcode
    */
-  void max(BaseMatrixT& b, BaseMatrixT& c);  //  NOLINT
+  void max2(BaseMatrixT& b, BaseMatrixT& c);
 
   /**
    * @code
@@ -927,7 +928,7 @@ public:
    * this = 1 / (p1 * b + p2)
    * @endcode
    */
-  void reciprocal(BaseMatrixT& b, T p1, T p2);
+  void reciprocal2(BaseMatrixT& b, T p1, T p2);
 
   /**
    * @code
@@ -1050,6 +1051,32 @@ public:
   void rowPow(size_t cCol, BaseMatrixT& b, BaseMatrixT& c);
 
   virtual bool isSparse() const { return false; }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    if (useGpu_) {
+      TensorGpuApply<T>(*this, expr);
+    } else {
+      TensorCpuApply<T>(*this, expr);
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator+=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    (*this) = (*this) + expr;
+  }
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator-=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    (*this) = (*this) - expr;
+  }
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator*=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    (*this) = (*this) * expr;
+  }
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator/=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    (*this) = (*this) / expr;
+  }
 };
 
 typedef BaseMatrixT<real> BaseMatrix;

paddle/math/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -16,10 +16,12 @@ file(GLOB MATH_HEADERS . *.h)
 file(GLOB MATH_SOURCES . *.cpp)
 set(MATH_SOURCES
     "${PROJ_ROOT}/paddle/math/BaseMatrix.cu"
+    "${PROJ_ROOT}/paddle/math/TrainingAlgorithmOp.cu"
     ${MATH_SOURCES})
 if(NOT WITH_GPU)
     # then compile BaseMatrix.cu as c++ file
     compile_cu_as_cpp("${PROJ_ROOT}/paddle/math/BaseMatrix.cu")
+    compile_cu_as_cpp("${PROJ_ROOT}/paddle/math/TrainingAlgorithmOp.cu")
     add_library(paddle_math STATIC
         ${MATH_SOURCES})
 else()

paddle/math/CpuSparseMatrix.h

@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ public:
     return sum;
   }
 
-  virtual void square() {
+  virtual void square2() {
     CHECK(isContiguous());
     if (valueType_ == NO_VALUE) {
       return;

paddle/math/Matrix.h

@@ -1122,6 +1122,7 @@ public:
   virtual void paramReluBackwardDiff(Matrix& oGrad, Matrix& data, Matrix& W) {
     LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemented";
   }
+
   virtual void bilinearForward(const Matrix& in,
                                const size_t inImgH,
                                const size_t inImgW,
@@ -1142,6 +1143,15 @@ public:
                                 const real ratioW) {
     LOG(FATAL) << "Not implemented";
   }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    if (useGpu_) {
+      TensorGpuApply<real>(*this, expr);
+    } else {
+      TensorCpuApply<real>(*this, expr);
+    }
+  }
 };
 
 inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const Matrix& mat) {
@@ -1518,6 +1528,11 @@ public:
   void multiBinaryLabelCrossEntropy(Matrix& output, Matrix& label);
 
   void multiBinaryLabelCrossEntropyBp(Matrix& output, Matrix& label);
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    TensorGpuApply<real>(*this, expr);
+  }
 };
 
 class CpuMatrix : public Matrix {
@@ -1917,6 +1932,11 @@ public:
                         const size_t numChannels,
                         const real ratioH,
                         const real ratioW);
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    TensorCpuApply<real>(*this, expr);
+  }
 };
 
 class SharedCpuMatrix : public CpuMatrix {
@@ -1957,6 +1977,7 @@ public:
   void add(real p1, real p2);
 
 private:
+  using Matrix::mul;
   void initShared(int blockNum);
   void initBlock(int blockNum);
 

paddle/math/SparseRowMatrix.cpp

@@ -15,15 +15,14 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "SparseRowMatrix.h"
 #include "CpuSparseMatrix.h"
 
-#include <cmath>
 #include <algorithm>
 
 #include "paddle/utils/Logging.h"
 
 #include "SIMDFunctions.h"
 
-#include "paddle/utils/Util.h"
 #include "paddle/utils/Thread.h"
+#include "paddle/utils/Util.h"
 
 P_DEFINE_bool(allow_inefficient_sparse_update,
               false,
@@ -34,8 +33,6 @@ namespace paddle {
 const unsigned int SparseRowCpuMatrix::kUnusedId_ = -1U;
 
 void SparseRowCpuMatrix::init(size_t height, size_t width) {
-  // @TODO(yuyang18) Just remove this limit
-  CHECK(simd::vec_check(width)) << width;
   height_ = height;
   if (!indexDictHandle_) {
     indexDictHandle_.reset(new IndexDict);

paddle/math/TensorApply.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+/**
+ * \brief The tensor evaluator classes.
+ */
+template <typename Derived, class T>
+class TensorApply {
+public:
+  explicit INLINE TensorApply(const Derived& p)
+      : data_(p.data_),
+        stride_(p.stride_),
+        height_(p.height_),
+        width_(p.width_),
+        useGpu_(p.useGpu_) {}
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const { return data_[i * stride_ + j]; }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const { return data_[index]; }
+  INLINE T& applyRef(int i, int j) { return data_[i * stride_ + j]; }
+  INLINE T& applyRef(int index) { return data_[index]; }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return width_; }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return height_; }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const { return stride_ == width_ || height_ == 1; }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return useGpu_; }
+
+  T* data_;
+  size_t stride_;
+  size_t height_;
+  size_t width_;
+  bool useGpu_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief The tensor evaluator classes.
+ * evaluator for rvalues
+ */
+template <typename Derived, class T>
+class TensorApply<const Derived, T> {
+public:
+  explicit INLINE TensorApply(const Derived& p)
+      : data_(p.data_),
+        stride_(p.stride_),
+        height_(p.height_),
+        width_(p.width_),
+        useGpu_(p.useGpu_) {}
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const { return data_[i * stride_ + j]; }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const { return data_[index]; }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return width_; }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return height_; }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const { return stride_ == width_ || height_ == 1; }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return useGpu_; }
+
+  const T* data_;
+  size_t stride_;
+  size_t height_;
+  size_t width_;
+  bool useGpu_;
+};
+
+template <typename Derived, class T>
+class TensorApply<const TensorExpression<Derived, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit TensorApply(const TensorExpression<Derived, T>& expr)
+      : expr_(expr.derived()) {}
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const { return expr_.apply(i, j); }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const { return expr_.apply(index); }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return expr_.getWidth(); }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return expr_.getHeight(); }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const { return expr_.isContiguous(); }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return expr_.useGpu(); }
+
+  TensorApply<const Derived, T> expr_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief The unary expression evaluator classes.
+ */
+template <class OP, typename ArgType, class T>
+class TensorApply<const TensorUnaryOp<OP, ArgType, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit INLINE TensorApply(const TensorUnaryOp<OP, ArgType, T>& expr)
+      : op_(expr.op_), expr_(expr.expr_) {}
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const { return op_(expr_.apply(i, j)); }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const { return op_(expr_.apply(index)); }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return expr_.getWidth(); }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return expr_.getHeight(); }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const { return expr_.isContiguous(); }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return expr_.useGpu(); }
+
+  const OP op_;
+  TensorApply<ArgType, T> expr_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief The binary expression evaluator classes.
+ */
+template <class OP, typename LhsType, typename RhsType, class T>
+class TensorApply<const TensorBinaryOp<OP, LhsType, RhsType, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit INLINE TensorApply(
+      const TensorBinaryOp<OP, LhsType, RhsType, T>& expr)
+      : op_(expr.op_), lhs_(expr.lhs_), rhs_(expr.rhs_) {
+#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
+    CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getWidth(), rhs_.getWidth());
+    CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getHeight(), rhs_.getHeight());
+    CHECK_EQ(lhs_.useGpu(), rhs_.useGpu());
+#endif
+  }
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const {
+    return op_(lhs_.apply(i, j), rhs_.apply(i, j));
+  }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const {
+    return op_(lhs_.apply(index), rhs_.apply(index));
+  }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return lhs_.getWidth(); }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return rhs_.getHeight(); }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const {
+    return lhs_.isContiguous() && rhs_.isContiguous();
+  }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return lhs_.useGpu(); }
+
+  const OP op_;
+  TensorApply<LhsType, T> lhs_;
+  TensorApply<RhsType, T> rhs_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief The ternary expression evaluator classes.
+ */
+template <typename ArgType1, typename ArgType2, typename ArgType3, class T>
+class TensorApply<const TensorTernaryOp<ArgType1, ArgType2, ArgType3, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit INLINE TensorApply(
+      const TensorTernaryOp<ArgType1, ArgType2, ArgType3, T>& expr)
+      : expr1_(expr.expr1_), expr2_(expr.expr2_), expr3_(expr.expr3_) {
+#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
+    CHECK_EQ(expr1_.getWidth(), expr2_.getWidth());
+    CHECK_EQ(expr1_.getWidth(), expr3_.getWidth());
+    CHECK_EQ(expr1_.getHeight(), expr2_.getHeight());
+    CHECK_EQ(expr1_.getHeight(), expr3_.getHeight());
+    CHECK_EQ(expr1_.useGpu(), expr2_.useGpu());
+    CHECK_EQ(expr1_.useGpu(), expr3_.useGpu());
+#endif
+  }
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const {
+    return expr1_.apply(i, j) ? expr2_.apply(i, j) : expr3_.apply(i, j);
+  }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const {
+    return expr1_.apply(index) ? expr2_.apply(index) : expr3_.apply(index);
+  }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return expr1_.getWidth(); }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return expr1_.getHeight(); }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const {
+    return expr1_.isContiguous() && expr2_.isContiguous() &&
+           expr3_.isContiguous();
+  }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return expr1_.useGpu(); }
+
+  TensorApply<ArgType1, T> expr1_;
+  TensorApply<ArgType2, T> expr2_;
+  TensorApply<ArgType3, T> expr3_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief The const expression evaluator classes.
+ */
+template <class OP, typename ArgType, class T>
+class TensorApply<const TensorConstant<OP, ArgType, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit INLINE TensorApply(const TensorConstant<OP, ArgType, T>& expr)
+      : op_(expr.op_), expr_(expr.expr_) {}
+
+  INLINE T apply(int i, int j) const { return op_(i, j); }
+  INLINE T apply(int index) const { return op_(index); }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return expr_.getWidth(); }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return expr_.getHeight(); }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const { return true; }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return expr_.useGpu(); }
+
+  const OP op_;
+  TensorApply<ArgType, T> expr_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/math/TensorAssign.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "paddle/utils/Logging.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+/**
+ * \brief Tensor Assign Expression(return by lazyAssign,
+ * and evaluated by AssignEvaluate)
+ */
+template <typename LhsType, typename RhsType, class T>
+class TensorAssignOp {
+public:
+  explicit TensorAssignOp(const LhsType& lhs, const RhsType& rhs)
+      : lhs_(lhs), rhs_(rhs) {
+#ifndef __CUDA_ARCH__
+    CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getWidth(), rhs_.getWidth());
+    CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getHeight(), rhs_.getHeight());
+    CHECK_EQ(lhs_.useGpu(), rhs_.useGpu());
+#endif
+  }
+
+  INLINE void apply(const int i, const int j) {
+    lhs_.applyRef(i, j) = rhs_.apply(i, j);
+  }
+  INLINE void apply(const int index) {
+    lhs_.applyRef(index) = rhs_.apply(index);
+  }
+
+  INLINE size_t getWidth() const { return lhs_.getWidth(); }
+  INLINE size_t getHeight() const { return rhs_.getHeight(); }
+  INLINE bool isContiguous() const {
+    return lhs_.isContiguous() && rhs_.isContiguous();
+  }
+  INLINE bool useGpu() const { return lhs_.useGpu(); }
+
+private:
+  TensorApply<LhsType, T> lhs_;
+  TensorApply<const RhsType, T> rhs_;
+};
+
+template <typename Assign, typename... AssignOp>
+void AssignCpuEvaluate(int height,
+                       int width,
+                       bool isContiguous,
+                       Assign&& assign,
+                       AssignOp&&... args) {
+  if (isContiguous) {
+    int size = height * width;
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) {
+      assign.apply(index);
+      __attribute__((unused)) int dummy[] = {(((args)).apply(index), 0)...};
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
+        assign.apply(i, j);
+        __attribute__((unused)) int dummy[] = {(((args)).apply(i, j), 0)...};
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+template <typename Assign, typename... AssignOp>
+__global__ void AssignGpuEvaluate1(const int border,
+                                   Assign assign,
+                                   AssignOp... args) {
+  const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  if (idx < border) {
+    assign.apply(idx);
+    __attribute__((unused)) int dummy[] = {(((args)).apply(idx), 0)...};
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Assign, typename... AssignOp>
+__global__ void AssignGpuEvaluate2(const int height,
+                                   const int width,
+                                   Assign assign,
+                                   AssignOp... args) {
+  const int colIdx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  const int rowIdx = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+  for (int i = rowIdx; i < height; i += gridDim.y * blockDim.y) {
+    for (int j = colIdx; j < width; j += gridDim.x * blockDim.x) {
+      assign.apply(i, j);
+      __attribute__((unused)) int dummy[] = {(((args)).apply(i, j), 0)...};
+    }
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * \brief Evaluate one or more TensorAssignOp objects.
+ *
+ * \note At least one assignment expression is required
+ */
+template <typename Assign, typename... AssignOp>
+void AssignEvaluate(Assign&& assign, AssignOp&&... args) {
+  const bool useGpu_ = assign.useGpu();
+  bool isContiguous_ = assign.isContiguous();
+  const size_t height = assign.getHeight();
+  const size_t width = assign.getWidth();
+
+  const int packSize = sizeof...(args);
+  const bool packUseGpu[] = {((args)).useGpu()...};
+  const bool packIsContiguous[] = {((args)).isContiguous()...};
+  const size_t packHeight[] = {((args)).getHeight()...};
+  const size_t packWidth[] = {((args)).getWidth()...};
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < packSize; i++) {
+    CHECK_EQ(useGpu_, packUseGpu[i]);
+    CHECK_EQ(height, packHeight[i]);
+    CHECK_EQ(width, packWidth[i]);
+    isContiguous_ = isContiguous_ && packIsContiguous[i];
+  }
+
+  if (useGpu_) {
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+    if (isContiguous_) {
+      int size = height * width;
+      int blockSize = size <= 1024 ? size : 1024;
+      int gridSize = (size + 1024 - 1) / 1024;
+      AssignGpuEvaluate1<<<gridSize, blockSize, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT>>>(
+          size, assign, args...);
+    } else {
+      int blockSizeY = std::min(32, (int)height);
+      int blockSizeX = (32 / blockSizeY) * 32;
+      int gridSizeX = std::min(32, (int)(width + blockSizeX - 1) / blockSizeX);
+      int gridSizeY = std::min(32, (int)(height + blockSizeY - 1) / blockSizeY);
+      dim3 threads(blockSizeX, blockSizeY);
+      dim3 grid(gridSizeX, gridSizeY);
+      AssignGpuEvaluate2<<<grid, threads, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT>>>(
+          height, width, assign, args...);
+    }
+
+    CHECK_SYNC("AssignEvaluate failed");
+#endif
+  } else {
+    AssignCpuEvaluate(height, width, isContiguous_, assign, args...);
+  }
+}
+
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/math/TensorEvaluate.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include "paddle/utils/Logging.h"
+#include "hl_base.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+/**
+ * \brief The tensor cpu evaluate api.
+ */
+template <class T, typename LeftType, typename RightType>
+inline void TensorCpuApply(LeftType& lhs, const RightType& rhs) {
+  TensorApply<LeftType, T> lhs_(lhs);
+  TensorApply<const RightType, T> rhs_(rhs);
+  CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getWidth(), rhs_.getWidth());
+  CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getHeight(), rhs_.getHeight());
+  CHECK_EQ(lhs_.useGpu(), rhs_.useGpu());
+
+  int height = lhs_.getHeight();
+  int width = lhs_.getWidth();
+  if (lhs_.isContiguous() && rhs_.isContiguous()) {
+    int size = height * width;
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; index++) {
+      lhs_.applyRef(index) = rhs_.apply(index);
+    }
+  } else {
+    for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < width; j++) {
+        lhs_.applyRef(i, j) = rhs_.apply(i, j);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+template <typename LeftType, typename RightType>
+__global__ void TensorElementWiseOp(LeftType lhs,
+                                    RightType rhs,
+                                    const int border) {
+  const int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  if (idx < border) {
+    lhs.applyRef(idx) = rhs.apply(idx);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename LeftType, typename RightType>
+__global__ void TensorElementWiseOp(LeftType lhs, RightType rhs) {
+  const int colIdx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+  const int rowIdx = blockIdx.y * blockDim.y + threadIdx.y;
+  for (int i = rowIdx; i < lhs.getHeight(); i += gridDim.y * blockDim.y) {
+    for (int j = colIdx; j < lhs.getWidth(); j += gridDim.x * blockDim.x) {
+      lhs.applyRef(i, j) = rhs.apply(i, j);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief The tensor gpu evaluate api.
+ */
+template <class T, typename LeftType, typename RightType>
+inline void TensorGpuApply(LeftType& lhs, const RightType& rhs) {
+  TensorApply<LeftType, T> lhs_(lhs);
+  TensorApply<const RightType, T> rhs_(rhs);
+  CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getWidth(), rhs_.getWidth());
+  CHECK_EQ(lhs_.getHeight(), rhs_.getHeight());
+  CHECK_EQ(lhs_.useGpu(), rhs_.useGpu());
+
+  int dimM = lhs_.getHeight();
+  int dimN = lhs_.getWidth();
+
+  if (lhs_.isContiguous() && rhs_.isContiguous()) {
+    int size = dimM * dimN;
+    int blockSize = size <= 1024 ? size : 1024;
+    int gridSize = (size + 1024 - 1) / 1024;
+    TensorElementWiseOp<<<gridSize, blockSize, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT>>>(
+        lhs_, rhs_, size);
+  } else {
+    int blockSizeY = std::min(32, dimM);
+    int blockSizeX = (32 / blockSizeY) * 32;
+    int gridSizeX = std::min(32, (dimN + blockSizeX - 1) / blockSizeX);
+    int gridSizeY = std::min(32, (dimM + blockSizeY - 1) / blockSizeY);
+    dim3 threads(blockSizeX, blockSizeY);
+    dim3 grid(gridSizeX, gridSizeY);
+    TensorElementWiseOp<<<grid, threads, 0, STREAM_DEFAULT>>>(lhs_, rhs_);
+  }
+
+  CHECK_SYNC("TensorGpuApply failed");
+}
+#else
+template <class T, typename LeftType, typename RightType>
+inline void TensorGpuApply(LeftType& lhs, RightType& rhs) {}
+#endif
+
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/math/TensorExpression.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "paddle/utils/TypeDefs.h"
+#include "paddle/utils/Logging.h"
+#include "hl_tensor_ops.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+template <class OP, typename ExprType, class T>
+class TensorConstant;
+template <class OP, typename ExprType, class T>
+class TensorUnaryOp;
+template <class OP, typename LhsType, typename RhsType, class T>
+class TensorBinaryOp;
+template <typename ExprType1, typename ExprType2, typename ExprType3, class T>
+class TensorTernaryOp;
+
+template <typename LhsType, typename RhsType, class T>
+class TensorAssignOp;
+
+/**
+ * \brief Tensor base class.
+ *
+ * This is the base class of all Tensor and Expression class.
+ */
+template <typename Derived, class T>
+class TensorExpression {
+public:
+  /**
+   * Element wise unary expression.
+   */
+  template <typename UnaryOp>
+  const TensorUnaryOp<UnaryOp, const Derived, T> unaryExpression(
+      const UnaryOp& op) const {
+    return TensorUnaryOp<UnaryOp, const Derived, T>(op, derived());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::add_scale<T>, const Derived, T> operator+(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::add_scale<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::sub_scale<T>, const Derived, T> operator-(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::sub_scale<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::mul_scale<T>, const Derived, T> operator*(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::mul_scale<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::div_scale<T>, const Derived, T> operator/(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::div_scale<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::neg<T>, const Derived, T> operator-() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::neg<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::exp_op<T>, const Derived, T> exp() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::exp_op<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::log_op<T>, const Derived, T> log() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::log_op<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::sqrt_op<T>, const Derived, T> sqrt() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::sqrt_op<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::square<T>, const Derived, T> square() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::square<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::reciprocal<T>, const Derived, T> reciprocal()
+      const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::reciprocal<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::abs<T>, const Derived, T> abs() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::abs<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::sign<T>, const Derived, T> sign() const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::sign<T>());
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::pow_op<T>, const Derived, T> pow(T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::pow_op<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::min<T>, const Derived, T> min(T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::min<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::max<T>, const Derived, T> max(T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::max<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::cmp_eq<T>, const Derived, T> operator==(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::cmp_eq<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::cmp_ne<T>, const Derived, T> operator!=(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::cmp_ne<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::cmp_le<T>, const Derived, T> operator<=(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::cmp_le<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::cmp_lt<T>, const Derived, T> operator<(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::cmp_lt<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::cmp_ge<T>, const Derived, T> operator>=(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::cmp_ge<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::cmp_gt<T>, const Derived, T> operator>(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::cmp_gt<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::and_op<T>, const Derived, T> operator&&(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::and_op<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::or_op<T>, const Derived, T> operator||(
+      T p) const {
+    return unaryExpression(hppl::unary::or_op<T>(p));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Element wise binary expression.
+   */
+  template <typename BinaryOp, typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<BinaryOp, const Derived, const ExpressionType, T>
+  binaryExpression(const BinaryOp& op, const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return TensorBinaryOp<BinaryOp, const Derived, const ExpressionType, T>(
+        op, derived(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::cmp_eq<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator==(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::cmp_eq<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::cmp_ne<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator!=(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::cmp_ne<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::cmp_le<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator<=(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::cmp_le<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::cmp_lt<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator<(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::cmp_lt<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::cmp_ge<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator>=(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::cmp_ge<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::cmp_gt<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator>(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::cmp_gt<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::and_op<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator&&(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::and_op<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::or_op<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator||(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::or_op<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::add<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator+(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::add<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::sub<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator-(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::sub<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::mul<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator*(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::mul<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::div<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  operator/(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::div<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::min<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  min(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::min<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  const TensorBinaryOp<hppl::binary::max<T>,
+                       const Derived,
+                       const ExpressionType,
+                       T>
+  max(const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return binaryExpression(hppl::binary::max<T>(), expr);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Element wise ternary expression.
+   *
+   * ternary conditional operator(?: operator).
+   * The conditional expression returns one of two values depending on
+   * the result of derived expression.
+   * If derived expression evaluates to true, then expression1 is evaluated.
+   * If derived expression evaluates to false, then expression2 is evaluated.
+   */
+  template <typename ExprType1, typename ExprType2>
+  const TensorTernaryOp<const Derived, const ExprType1, const ExprType2, T>
+  condition(const ExprType1& expr1, const ExprType2& expr2) const {
+    return TensorTernaryOp<const Derived, const ExprType1, const ExprType2, T>(
+        derived(), expr1, expr2);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExprType>
+  const TensorTernaryOp<
+      const Derived,
+      const TensorConstant<hppl::unary::constant<T>, const Derived, T>,
+      const ExprType,
+      T>
+  condition(T p, const ExprType& expr) const {
+    return condition(constant(p), expr);
+  }
+
+  template <typename ExprType>
+  const TensorTernaryOp<
+      const Derived,
+      const ExprType,
+      const TensorConstant<hppl::unary::constant<T>, const Derived, T>,
+      T>
+  condition(const ExprType& expr, T p) const {
+    return condition(expr, constant(p));
+  }
+
+  const TensorTernaryOp<
+      const Derived,
+      const TensorConstant<hppl::unary::constant<T>, const Derived, T>,
+      const TensorConstant<hppl::unary::constant<T>, const Derived, T>,
+      T>
+  condition(T p1, T p2) const {
+    return condition(constant(p1), constant(p2));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return a TensorConstant. A TensorConstant object hold a constant value.
+   */
+  const TensorConstant<hppl::unary::constant<T>, const Derived, T> constant(
+      T p) const {
+    return TensorConstant<hppl::unary::constant<T>, const Derived, T>(
+        hppl::unary::constant<T>(p), derived());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * return a TensorAssignOp, and use AssignEvaluate to evaluate one or more
+   * TensorAssignOp objects.
+   */
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  TensorAssignOp<Derived, ExpressionType, T> lazyAssign(
+      const ExpressionType& expr) const {
+    return TensorAssignOp<Derived, ExpressionType, T>(derived(), expr);
+  }
+
+protected:
+  const Derived& derived() const { return *static_cast<const Derived*>(this); }
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief Unary Operator Expression
+ */
+template <class OP, typename ExprType, class T>
+class TensorUnaryOp
+    : public TensorExpression<TensorUnaryOp<OP, ExprType, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit TensorUnaryOp(const OP op, const ExprType& expr)
+      : op_(op), expr_(expr) {}
+
+  const OP op_;
+  const ExprType expr_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief Binary Operator Expression
+ */
+template <class OP, typename LhsType, typename RhsType, class T>
+class TensorBinaryOp
+    : public TensorExpression<TensorBinaryOp<OP, LhsType, RhsType, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit TensorBinaryOp(const OP op, const LhsType& lhs, const RhsType& rhs)
+      : op_(op), lhs_(lhs), rhs_(rhs) {}
+
+  const OP op_;
+  const LhsType lhs_;
+  const RhsType rhs_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief Ternary Operator Expression
+ */
+template <typename ExprType1, typename ExprType2, typename ExprType3, class T>
+class TensorTernaryOp : public TensorExpression<
+                            TensorTernaryOp<ExprType1, ExprType2, ExprType3, T>,
+                            T> {
+public:
+  explicit TensorTernaryOp(const ExprType1& expr1,
+                           const ExprType2& expr2,
+                           const ExprType3& expr3)
+      : expr1_(expr1), expr2_(expr2), expr3_(expr3) {}
+
+  const ExprType1 expr1_;
+  const ExprType2 expr2_;
+  const ExprType3 expr3_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief Constant Expression
+ */
+template <class OP, typename ExprType, class T>
+class TensorConstant
+    : public TensorExpression<TensorConstant<OP, ExprType, T>, T> {
+public:
+  explicit TensorConstant(const OP op, const ExprType& expr)
+      : op_(op), expr_(expr) {}
+
+  const OP op_;
+  const ExprType expr_;
+};
+
+/**
+ * \brief operator+ overload
+ * \return a unary operator expression
+ */
+template <typename Derived, class T>
+const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::add_scale<T>, const Derived, T> operator+(
+    T p, const TensorExpression<Derived, T>& expr) {
+  return expr + p;
+}
+
+/**
+ * \brief operator* overload
+ * \return a unary operator expression
+ */
+template <typename Derived, class T>
+const TensorUnaryOp<hppl::unary::mul_scale<T>, const Derived, T> operator*(
+    T p, const TensorExpression<Derived, T>& expr) {
+  return expr * p;
+}
+
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+#include "TensorApply.h"
+#include "TensorEvaluate.h"

paddle/math/TrainingAlgorithmOp.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/utils/Logging.h"
+#include "BaseMatrix.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+
+/**
+ * \brief Sparse Momentum optimizer.
+ */
+extern void sparseMomentumApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                                BaseMatrix& grad,
+                                BaseMatrix& momU,
+                                BaseMatrix& momV,
+                                real alpha,
+                                real beta,
+                                real gamma,
+                                real tau,
+                                real learningRate);
+
+/**
+ * \brief AdaDelta optimizer.
+ */
+extern void adadeltaApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                          BaseMatrix& grad,
+                          BaseMatrix& sum,
+                          BaseMatrix& sum1,
+                          BaseMatrix& mom,
+                          BaseMatrix& lr,
+                          real rou,
+                          real epsilon,
+                          real learningRate,
+                          real momentum,
+                          real decayRate);
+
+/**
+ * \brief AdaGrad optimizer.
+ */
+extern void adagradApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                         BaseMatrix& grad,
+                         BaseMatrix& sum,
+                         BaseMatrix& sum1,
+                         BaseMatrix& mom,
+                         BaseMatrix& lr,
+                         real epsilon,
+                         real learningRate,
+                         real momentum,
+                         real decayRate);
+
+/**
+ * \brief RMSProp optimizer.
+ */
+extern void rmspropApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                         BaseMatrix& grad,
+                         BaseMatrix& g,
+                         BaseMatrix& f,
+                         BaseMatrix& mom,
+                         BaseMatrix& lr,
+                         real accumulatedRou,
+                         real rou,
+                         real epsilon,
+                         real learningRate,
+                         real momentum,
+                         real decayRate,
+                         bool firstTime);
+
+/**
+ * \brief Decayed AdaGrad optimizer.
+ */
+extern void decayedAdagradApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                                BaseMatrix& grad,
+                                BaseMatrix& mom,
+                                BaseMatrix& accum,
+                                BaseMatrix& lr,
+                                real accumulatedRou,
+                                real rou,
+                                real epsilon,
+                                real learningRate,
+                                real momentum,
+                                real decayRate,
+                                bool firstTime);
+
+/**
+ * \brief Adam optimizer.
+ */
+extern void adamApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                      BaseMatrix& grad,
+                      BaseMatrix& mom,
+                      BaseMatrix& v,
+                      real beta1,
+                      real beta2,
+                      real beta1_power,
+                      real beta2_power,
+                      real epsilon,
+                      real learningRate);
+
+/**
+ * \brief AdaMax optimizer.
+ */
+extern void adamaxApply(BaseMatrix& value,
+                        BaseMatrix& grad,
+                        BaseMatrix& mom,  // firse moment
+                        BaseMatrix& u,    // weighted infinity norm
+                        real beta1,
+                        real beta2,
+                        int64_t step,
+                        real alpha);
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/math/Vector.h

@@ -265,6 +265,15 @@ public:
   /// print the "idx" element of the Vector
   virtual void printOneElement(std::ostream& os, size_t idx) const = 0;
 
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    if (BaseVector<T>::useGpu_) {
+      TensorGpuApply<T>(*this, expr);
+    } else {
+      TensorCpuApply<T>(*this, expr);
+    }
+  }
+
 protected:
   friend class GpuVectorT<T>;
   friend class CpuVectorT<T>;
@@ -322,6 +331,11 @@ public:
   virtual void print(std::ostream& os, size_t num) const;
   virtual void printOneElement(std::ostream& os, size_t idx) const;
 
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    TensorGpuApply<T>(*this, expr);
+  }
+
 protected:
   virtual void copyTo(CpuVectorT<T>* dest) const;
   virtual void copyTo(GpuVectorT<T>* dest) const;
@@ -385,6 +399,11 @@ public:
   virtual T get(size_t pos);
   virtual void print(std::ostream& os, size_t num) const;
   virtual void printOneElement(std::ostream& os, size_t idx) const;
+
+  template <typename ExpressionType>
+  void operator=(const ExpressionType& expr) {
+    TensorCpuApply<T>(*this, expr);
+  }
 };
 
 template <class T>

paddle/math/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 add_simple_unittest(test_ExecViaCpu)
 add_simple_unittest(test_SIMDFunctions)
+add_simple_unittest(test_TrainingAlgorithm)
 add_simple_unittest(test_SparseMatrix)
 
 # TODO(yuyang18): Refactor TestUtil.cpp. Remove this cross module reference.
@@ -13,6 +14,21 @@ add_simple_unittest(test_sparseMatrixCompare)
 add_simple_unittest(test_perturbation)
 add_simple_unittest(test_CpuGpuVector)
 add_simple_unittest(test_Allocator)
+
+if(WITH_GPU)
+    if(COMPILER_SUPPORT_CXX11)
+    	CUDA_ADD_EXECUTABLE(test_Tensor test_Tensor.cu)
+		link_paddle_test(test_Tensor)
+        CUDA_ADD_EXECUTABLE(test_lazyAssign test_lazyAssign.cu)
+        link_paddle_test(test_lazyAssign)
+    endif()
+else()
+    compile_cu_as_cpp(test_Tensor.cu)
+    add_unittest(test_Tensor test_Tensor.cu)
+    compile_cu_as_cpp(test_lazyAssign.cu)
+    add_unittest(test_lazyAssign test_lazyAssign.cu)
+endif(WITH_GPU)
+
 add_simple_unittest(test_FPException)
 add_simple_unittest(test_GpuProfiler)
 add_simple_unittest(test_BaseMatrix)

paddle/math/tests/PerfUtils.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 Baidu, Inc. All Rights Reserve.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Performance Check
+#ifdef PADDLE_DISABLE_TIMER
+
+#define EXPRESSION_PERFORMANCE(expression) expression;
+
+#else
+
+#include "paddle/utils/Stat.h"
+using namespace paddle;  // NOLINT
+
+#define EXPRESSION_PERFORMANCE(expression)                             \
+  do {                                                                 \
+    char expr[30];                                                     \
+    strncpy(expr, #expression, 30);                                    \
+    if (expr[29] != '\0') {                                            \
+      expr[27] = '.';                                                  \
+      expr[28] = '.';                                                  \
+      expr[29] = '\0';                                                 \
+    }                                                                  \
+    expression;                                                        \
+    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {                                     \
+      REGISTER_TIMER(expr);                                            \
+      expression;                                                      \
+    }                                                                  \
+    LOG(INFO) << std::setiosflags(std::ios::left) << std::setfill(' ') \
+              << *globalStat.getStat(expr);                            \
+    globalStat.reset();                                                \
+  } while (0)
+
+#endif

paddle/math/tests/test_BaseMatrix.cpp

@@ -37,13 +37,13 @@ TEST(BaseMatrix, void) {
       };
 
       compare(&BaseMatrix::neg);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::exp);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::log);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::sqrt);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::square);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::reciprocal);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::abs);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::sign);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::exp2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::log2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::sqrt2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::square2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::reciprocal2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::abs2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::sign2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::zero);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::one);
     }
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ TEST(BaseMatrix, real) {
         test.cmpWithoutArg<0>(f, height, width);
       };
 
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::pow);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::pow2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::subScalar);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::mulScalar);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::divScalar);
@@ -88,21 +88,21 @@ TEST(BaseMatrix, BaseMatrix) {
       compare(&BaseMatrix::softreluDerivative);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::brelu);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::breluDerivative);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::square);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::square2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::squareDerivative);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::tanh);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::tanhDerivative);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::reciprocal);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::reciprocal2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::reciprocalDerivative);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::abs);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::abs2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::absDerivative);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::sigmoid);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::sigmoidDerivative);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::expDerivative);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::sign);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::exp);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::log);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::sqrt);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::sign2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::exp2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::log2);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::sqrt2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::dotMul);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::dotMulSquare);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::dotSquareMul);
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ TEST(BaseMatrix, BaseMatrix_real) {
       compare(&BaseMatrix::addBias);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::add);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::sub);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::pow);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::pow2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::addScalar);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::subScalar);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::mulScalar);
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ TEST(BaseMatrix, BaseMatrix_BaseMatrix) {
       compare(&BaseMatrix::logisticRegressionLoss);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::logisticRegressionLossBp);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::biggerThan);
-      compare(&BaseMatrix::max);
+      compare(&BaseMatrix::max2);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::dotMulSquare);
       compare(&BaseMatrix::dotSquareSquare);
     }

paddle/scripts/docker/build.sh

@@ -20,8 +20,28 @@ cmake .. \
       -DWITH_AVX=${WITH_AVX} \
       -DWITH_SWIG_PY=ON \
       -DCUDNN_ROOT=/usr/ \
-      -DWITH_STYLE_CHECK=OFF
+      -DWITH_STYLE_CHECK=OFF \
+      -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
 make -j `nproc`
 make install
 
+# Install woboq_codebrowser.
+git clone https://github.com/woboq/woboq_codebrowser /woboq
+cd /woboq
+cmake -DLLVM_CONFIG_EXECUTABLE=/usr/bin/llvm-config-3.8 \
+      -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+      .
+make
+
+export WOBOQ_OUT=/usr/share/nginx/html/paddle
+export BUILD_DIR=/paddle/build
+mkdir -p $WOBOQ_OUT
+cp -rv /woboq/data $WOBOQ_OUT/../data
+/woboq/generator/codebrowser_generator \
+    -b /paddle/build \
+    -a \
+    -o $WOBOQ_OUT \
+    -p paddle:/paddle
+/woboq/indexgenerator/codebrowser_indexgenerator $WOBOQ_OUT
+
 trap : 0

warp-ctc @ bd535c8d

+Subproject commit bd535c8d44e03c8ebd2d768e06c8c05fdccd11d2