Merge pull request #2655 from helinwang/save_model_doc

Design doc: save model in cluster training.

doc/design/cluster_train/save_model.md

+# Design Doc: Save Model
+
+## Overview
+
+The model is the output of the training process. There are two
+ways from which user can obtain a model:
+
+- Save model triggered by user code: user code asks PaddlePaddle to
+  save a model.
+- Convert model from the checkpoint: model being converted from
+  pservers' periodic checkpoint. In this way, the user can cancel a
+  job at any time, and still have a relatively fresh model (we
+  checkpoint around every 5 minutes).
+
+### Trainer Saving Model vs. Pservers Saving Model
+
+Both trainers and pservers have access to the model. So the model can
+be saved from a trainer or pservers. We need to decide where the model
+is saved from.
+
+#### Dense Update vs. Sparse Update
+
+There are two types of model update methods: dense update and sparse
+update (when the model parameter is configured to be sparse).
+
+- Dense update
+
+  Every trainer has it's own full copy of the model. Every model
+  update will update the entire model.
+
+- Sparse update
+
+  The training input is sparse, and the trainer does not have the
+  entire model. It will only download the sub-model necessary related
+  to the input. When updating the model, only the sub-model related to
+  the training input is updated.
+
+
+#### Pservers Saving Model
+
+The benefit of letting pservers save model is they have the entire
+model all the time. However, since pservers are on different nodes, it
+requires a merging process to merge model shards into the same
+model. Thus requires the pservers to write models to a distributed
+filesystem, making the checkpoint shards visible to the merge program.
+
+#### Trainer Saving Model
+
+The benefit of letting one trainer to save the model is it does not
+require a distributed filesystem. And it's reusing the same save model
+logic when training locally - except when doing sparse update, the
+trainer needs to download the entire model during the saving process.
+
+#### Conclusion
+
+Given trainer saving model does not require a distributed filesystem,
+and is an intuitive extension to trainer saving model when training
+locally, we decide to let the trainer save the model when doing
+distributed training.
+
+
+### Convert Model from Checkpoint
+
+TODO
+
+
+## Timeline
+
+We first implement trainer save the model. Converting the latest
+snapshot to a model will be a TODO for future.
+
+
+## Trainer Save Model
+
+### Trainer Election
+
+One trainer will be elected as the one to save the model. When using
+etcd, trainer ID is a randomly generated UUID, we will utilize etcd to
+elect one trainer. When not using etcd, unique trainer IDs will be
+given by the administrator, the trainer whose ID is "0" is elected to
+save the model.
+
+### Model Save Path
+
+Each trainer will be given the directory to save the model. The
+elected trainer will save the model to
+`given-directory/trainerID`. Since the trainer ID is unique, this
+would prevent concurrent save to the same file when multiple trainers
+are elected to save the model when split-brain problem happens.
+
+### What Happens When Model Is Saving
+
+It takes some time to save model, we need to define what will happen
+when save model is taking place.
+
+When doing dense update, the trainer uses the local model. Pservers
+does not need to pause model update.
+
+When doing sparse update. The trainer needs to download the entire
+model while saving. To get the most accurate model, the model update
+needs to be paused before the download starts and resumed after the
+download finishes. Otherwise, the trainer gets a model that is
+"polluted": some part of the model is old, some part of the model is
+new.
+
+It's unclear that the "polluted" model will be inferior due to the
+stochastic nature of deep learning, and pausing the model update will
+add more complexity to the system. Since supporting sparse update is a
+TODO item. We defer the evaluation of pause the model update or not
+during saving model to the future.