Merge branch 'develop' of https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle into fix-sgd

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -137,9 +137,9 @@ set(EXTERNAL_LIBS
 )
 
 if(WITH_GPU)
-    list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIB ${CUDA_LIBRARIES} ${CUDA_rt_LIBRARY})
+    list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIBS ${CUDA_LIBRARIES} ${CUDA_rt_LIBRARY})
     if(NOT WITH_DSO)
-        list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIB ${CUDNN_LIBRARY} ${CUDA_CUBLAS_LIBRARIES} ${CUDA_curand_LIBRARY})
+        list(APPEND EXTERNAL_LIBS ${CUDNN_LIBRARY} ${CUDA_CUBLAS_LIBRARIES} ${CUDA_curand_LIBRARY})
     endif(NOT WITH_DSO)
 endif(WITH_GPU)
 

paddle/framework/backward_test.cc

@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ class RowWiseAddOpMaker : public OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
  public:
   RowWiseAddOpMaker(OpProto *proto, OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
-    AddInput("X", "Input X of Add").AsNoGradient();
-    AddInput("b", "Bias of Add").AsNoGradient();
-    AddOutput("Out", "Out of Add").AsNoGradient();
+    AddInput("X", "Input X of Add").NotInGradient();
+    AddInput("b", "Bias of Add").NotInGradient();
+    AddOutput("Out", "Out of Add").NotInGradient();
     AddComment("Add Op");
   }
 };

paddle/framework/framework.proto

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ message OpProto {
 
     optional bool duplicable = 3 [ default = false ];
     optional bool intermediate = 4 [ default = false ];
-    optional bool no_gradient = 5 [ default = false ];
+    optional bool not_in_gradient = 5 [ default = false ];
   }
 
   // AttrProto describes the C++ type Attribute.

paddle/framework/grad_op_builder.cc

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ static void TransOpArg(const OperatorBase* src_op, const OpArgType& src_type,
   const auto& src_arg_list =
       src_type == OpArgType::IN ? proto->inputs() : proto->outputs();
   for (const auto& arg : src_arg_list) {
-    if (arg.no_gradient() && !is_grad) continue;
+    if (arg.not_in_gradient() && !is_grad) continue;
     const std::string src_name = arg.name();
     std::string dst_name = is_grad ? GradVarName(src_name) : src_name;
     dst_inout[dst_name].reserve(src_inout.at(src_name).size());

paddle/framework/grad_op_builder_test.cc

@@ -26,10 +26,10 @@ class IOIgnoredOpMaker : public OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
   IOIgnoredOpMaker(OpProto *proto, OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
     AddInput("In1", "a single input");
-    AddInput("In2_mult", "a multiple input").AsDuplicable().AsNoGradient();
+    AddInput("In2_mult", "a multiple input").AsDuplicable().NotInGradient();
     AddInput("In3_mult", "another multiple input").AsDuplicable();
     AddOutput("Out1_mult", "a multiple output").AsDuplicable();
-    AddOutput("Out2", "a single output").AsNoGradient();
+    AddOutput("Out2", "a single output").NotInGradient();
     AddComment("op with inputs and outputs ignored in gradient calculating");
   }
 };

paddle/framework/operator.h

@@ -184,11 +184,8 @@ class OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
       return *this;
     }
 
-    // TODO(FengJiayi, yuyang18): `AsNoGradient` is a very bad name, because it
-    // means that input/output is not needed when calculate gradient. It does
-    // not mean no gradient when backward. It should be changed soon.
-    VariableBuilder& AsNoGradient() {
-      var_->set_no_gradient(true);
+    VariableBuilder& NotInGradient() {
+      var_->set_not_in_gradient(true);
       return *this;
     }
   };

paddle/gserver/layers/MKLDNNFcLayer.cpp

@@ -57,11 +57,14 @@ bool MKLDNNFcLayer::init(const LayerMap& layerMap,
 }
 
 void MKLDNNFcLayer::convertWeightsFromPaddle() {
-  if (FLAGS_use_mkldnn_wgt) {
+  if (hasInitedWgt_) {
     return;
   }
 
-  if (hasInitedWgt_) {
+  // TODO(TJ): dst format should get from wgtVal_
+  int dstFmt = PARAM_FORMAT_MKLDNN_OI;
+  int srcFmt = weight_->getParameterPtr()->getHeaderFormat();
+  if (srcFmt == dstFmt) {
     return;
   }
 
@@ -78,6 +81,7 @@ void MKLDNNFcLayer::convertWeightsFromPaddle() {
   MatrixPtr paddleWgtT;
   paddleWgt->transpose(paddleWgtT, true);
   weight_->getW()->copyFrom(*paddleWgtT);
+  weight_->getParameterPtr()->setHeaderFormat(dstFmt);
   hasInitedWgt_ = true;
 }
 

paddle/gserver/tests/MKLDNNTester.cpp

@@ -330,9 +330,7 @@ void MKLDNNTester::run(const TestConfig& dnn,
   log_ = log;
   lvl_ = level;
 
-  // Firstly test FLAGS_use_mkldnn_wgt = false
-  FLAGS_use_mkldnn_wgt = false;
-  // reset and run once
+  // Firstly test mkldnn init from PARAM_FORMAT_ORIGINAL weight
   reset(dnn, ref, batchSize);
   randomWgtDatas();
   clearWgtDiffs();
@@ -342,17 +340,32 @@ void MKLDNNTester::run(const TestConfig& dnn,
     runOnce();
   }
 
-  // Then test FLAGS_use_mkldnn_wgt = true
-  FLAGS_use_mkldnn_wgt = true;
-  // after run once the mkldnn weight has been stored in dnnlayer
+  if (parameters_[DNN].empty()) {
+    // has no paramters
+    return;
+  }
+
+  // After run some iterations, the mkldnn weight has been stored in dnnLayer
+  // and we can also get the mkldnn weight parameter header format.
+  // Weight parameter should always be index 0 (and bias index 1).
+  // TODO(TJ): should also consider mean and var format when batchnorm ready
+  int dnnWgtFmt = parameters_[DNN][0]->getHeaderFormat();
+  int refWgtFmt = parameters_[REF][0]->getHeaderFormat();
+  if (dnnWgtFmt == refWgtFmt) {
+    // weight format are equal, so no need check more
+    return;
+  }
+
   // then save the weights and restart again
   vector<VectorPtr> dnnWgts, refWgts;
   CHECK_EQ(parameters_[DNN].size(), parameters_[REF].size());
   saveWgt(parameters_[DNN], dnnWgts);
   saveWgt(parameters_[REF], refWgts);
 
-  // restart again with flag true
+  // restart again with dnn weight format
   reset(dnn, ref, batchSize);
+  // TODO(TJ): should also considerate mean and var format when batchnorm ready
+  parameters_[DNN][0]->setHeaderFormat(dnnWgtFmt);
 
   // restore wgt
   restoreWgt(dnnWgts, parameters_[DNN]);

paddle/gserver/tests/MKLDNNTester.h

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ private:
    * if many(>failRate) wrong(abs(dnn-ref)/abs(ref)>thres) points return the
    * max(diff/ref)
    * else return sum(abs(a-b)) / sum(abs(b))
-   * The return value should smaller than eps when passing.
+   * The return value should be smaller than eps when passing.
    */
   double getDelta(const real* d1,
                   const real* d2,

paddle/operators/mean_op.cc

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class MeanOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
   MeanOpMaker(framework::OpProto *proto, framework::OpAttrChecker *op_checker)
       : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
     AddInput("X", "The input of mean op");
-    AddOutput("Out", "The output of mean op").AsNoGradient();
+    AddOutput("Out", "The output of mean op").NotInGradient();
     AddComment("Mean Operator");
   }
 };

paddle/operators/mean_op.h

@@ -55,9 +55,10 @@ class MeanGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
     IG->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
 
     T ig_size = (T)framework::product(IG->dims());
+    Eigen::DSizes<int, 1> bcast(ig_size);
 
     EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*IG).device(context.GetEigenDevice<Place>()) =
-        EigenScalar<T>::From(*OG) / ig_size;
+        (EigenVector<T>::From(*OG) / ig_size).broadcast(bcast);
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/sigmoid_op.cc

@@ -44,7 +44,8 @@ class SigmoidOpGrad : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
 
  protected:
   void InferShape(const framework::InferShapeContext &ctx) const override {
-    ctx.Output<Tensor>(0)->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>(0)->dims());
+    ctx.Output<Tensor>(framework::GradVarName("X"))
+        ->Resize(ctx.Input<Tensor>("Y")->dims());
   }
 };
 

paddle/operators/sigmoid_op.h

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class SigmoidKernel : public framework::OpKernel {
     auto Y = EigenVector<T>::Flatten(*output);
     auto place = context.GetEigenDevice<Place>();
 
-    Y.device(place) = 1.0 / (1.0 + (-1.0 * X).exp());
+    Y.device(place) = 1. / (1. + (-X).exp());
   }
 };
 

paddle/parameter/Parameter.cpp

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ Parameter::Parameter(const ParameterConfig& config, bool useGpu, bool doInit)
       deviceId_(-1),
       sharedCount_(0),
       updateCounter_(0),
-      updated_(false) {
+      updated_(false),
+      headerFormat_(PARAM_FORMAT_ORIGINAL) {
   setID(-1); /* capture uninitialized id */
   if (useGpu_ && FLAGS_parallel_nn) {
     /* gpu environment is specified by device property */
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ bool Parameter::save(const std::string& filename) const {
 bool Parameter::save(std::ostream& s) const {
   CpuVector vec(*bufs_[PARAMETER_VALUE].get());
   Header header;
-  header.version = kFormatVersion;
+  header.format = headerFormat_;
   header.valueSize = sizeof(real);
   header.size = getSize();
 
@@ -344,8 +345,9 @@ bool Parameter::load(std::istream& s) {
   Header header;
   CHECK(s.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&header), sizeof(header)))
       << "Fail to read parameter " << getName();
-  CHECK_EQ(header.version, kFormatVersion) << "Incorrect format version: "
-                                           << header.version;
+  CHECK(isHeaderFormatSupported(header.format)) << "Incorrect format version: "
+                                                << header.format;
+  headerFormat_ = header.format;
   CHECK_EQ(header.size, getSize())
       << "The size (" << header.size << ") in the file does not match the size "
       << "(" << getSize() << ") of the parameter: " << getName();

paddle/parameter/Parameter.h

@@ -34,6 +34,20 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 namespace paddle {
 
+typedef enum {
+  /// The paddle original basic format
+  PARAM_FORMAT_ORIGINAL = 0,
+
+  /// See mkldnn_memory_format_t in
+  /// https://github.com/01org/mkl-dnn/blob/master/include/mkldnn_types.h
+  /// for a detailed description.
+  /// 2D weights tensor in the format (output channels, input channels).
+  PARAM_FORMAT_MKLDNN_OI,
+
+  /// The total format items numbers
+  PARAM_FORMAT_ITEMS,
+} PARAM_FORMAT;
+
 class SparsePrefetchRowCpuMatrix;
 
 class Parameter;
@@ -242,14 +256,30 @@ public:
   /// Initialize the value to 0
   void zeroMem();
 
-  static const int kFormatVersion = 0;
   /// file header structure
   struct Header {
-    int32_t version;     // = 0, file format version
+    int32_t format;      // = PARAM_FORMAT
     uint32_t valueSize;  // = sizeof(real)
     uint64_t size;       // = getSize()
   };
 
+  /**
+   * @brief Is the header format supported.
+   */
+  static bool isHeaderFormatSupported(int32_t fmt) {
+    return fmt < PARAM_FORMAT_ITEMS;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Get the format in header.
+   */
+  int getHeaderFormat() { return headerFormat_; }
+
+  /**
+   * @brief Set the format in header.
+   */
+  void setHeaderFormat(int32_t fmt) { headerFormat_ = fmt; }
+
   /**
    * @brief  Parameter Update Hook.
    *
@@ -321,6 +351,9 @@ protected:
   bool updated_;
   SparseFormat format_;
 
+  /// The header format for saving or loading param
+  int32_t headerFormat_;
+
   std::vector<std::shared_ptr<IParameterUpdaterHook>> updaterHooks_;
 
 public:

paddle/pserver/ParameterServer2.cpp

@@ -1032,8 +1032,8 @@ void ParameterServer2::loadValueVector(const LoadValueRequest& request,
   Parameter::Header header;
   CHECK(fs.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&header), sizeof(header)))
       << "Fail to read parameters in pserver";
-  CHECK_EQ(header.version, Parameter::kFormatVersion)
-      << "Incorrect format version: " << header.version;
+  CHECK(Parameter::isHeaderFormatSupported(header.format))
+      << "Incorrect format version: " << header.format;
   CHECK_EQ(header.size, (size_t)size_)
       << "The size (" << header.size << ") in the file does not match the size "
       << "(" << size_ << ") of the pserver: " << serverId_;
@@ -1063,7 +1063,8 @@ void ParameterServer2::saveValueVector(const SaveValueRequest& request,
   CpuVector& vec = vectors_[PARAMETER_APPLY] ? *vectors_[PARAMETER_APPLY]
                                              : *vectors_[PARAMETER_VALUE];
   Parameter::Header header;
-  header.version = Parameter::kFormatVersion;
+  // TODO(TJ): save param headerFormat_
+  header.format = PARAM_FORMAT_ORIGINAL;
   header.valueSize = sizeof(real);
   header.size = size_;
 

paddle/trainer/TrainerConfigHelper.cpp

@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ DECLARE_bool(with_gpu);
 DECLARE_bool(parallel_nn);
 DECLARE_string(config_args);
 DECLARE_bool(use_mkldnn);
-DECLARE_bool(use_mkldnn_wgt);
 
 const char *kConfigParserModuleName = "paddle.trainer.config_parser";
 const char *kConfigParserFuncName = "parse_config_and_serialize";
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@ TrainerConfigHelper::TrainerConfigHelper(const std::string &configFilePath)
              << ",with_cost=" << FLAGS_with_cost << ",use_gpu=" << FLAGS_use_gpu
              << ",parallel_nn=" << FLAGS_parallel_nn
              << ",use_mkldnn=" << FLAGS_use_mkldnn
-             << ",use_mkldnn_wgt=" << FLAGS_use_mkldnn_wgt
              << ",cudnn_version=" << hl_get_cudnn_lib_version();
   if (!FLAGS_config_args.empty()) {
     configArgs << "," << FLAGS_config_args;

paddle/utils/Flags.cpp

@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ DEFINE_bool(use_mkldnn, false, "Default still keep use CPU training");
 DEFINE_bool(use_mkldnn, false, "Only support CPU training");
 #endif
 
-DEFINE_bool(use_mkldnn_wgt, false, "Init weight from CPU weight");
 DEFINE_bool(parallel_nn,
             false,
             "Whether to use multi-threads to calculate one neural network."

paddle/utils/Flags.h

@@ -41,4 +41,3 @@ DECLARE_string(predict_file);
 DECLARE_bool(prev_batch_state);
 DECLARE_string(init_model_path);
 DECLARE_bool(use_mkldnn);
-DECLARE_bool(use_mkldnn_wgt);

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -26,3 +26,4 @@ py_test(test_operator SRCS test_operator.py)
 py_test(test_uniform_random_op SRCS test_uniform_random_op.py)
 py_test(test_recurrent_op SRCS test_recurrent_op.py)
 py_test(test_sgd_op SRCS test_sgd_op.py)
+py_test(test_gradient_checker SRCS test_gradient_checker.py)

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/gradient_checker.py

 import unittest
 
 import numpy
+import itertools
 import paddle.v2.framework.core as core
 from paddle.v2.framework.op import Operator
 
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ __all__ = ['get_numeric_gradient']
 
 
 def create_op(op_type):
+    # TODO need to set attrs
     kwargs = dict()
     for in_name in Operator.get_op_input_names(op_type):
         kwargs[in_name] = in_name
@@ -66,7 +68,6 @@ def get_numeric_gradient(op,
             local_scope.find_var(output).get_tensor().alloc_float(core.CPUPlace(
             ))
 
-    # TODO(yuyang18): Only CPU is support now.
     cpu_ctx = core.DeviceContext.create(core.CPUPlace())
 
     def get_output():
@@ -109,12 +110,110 @@ def get_numeric_gradient(op,
 
 
 class GradientChecker(unittest.TestCase):
-    def assert_is_close(self, numeric_grads, scope, max_relative_error,
-                        msg_prefix):
-        for name in numeric_grads:
-            b = numpy.array(scope.find_var(grad_var_name(name)).get_tensor())
-            a = numeric_grads[name]
+    def __get_gradient(self, forward_op, backward_op, input_value, grad_names,
+                       place):
+        """Get the input gradients after running forward and backward operators
+        on the given places.
+
+        :param forward_op: forward operator
+        :type forward_op: Operator
+        :param backward_op: backward operator
+        :type backward_op: Operator
+        :param input_value: input values.
+        :type input_value: dict{string:numpy.array}
+        :param grad_names: the names of returned input gradients.
+        :type input_value: a list of string
+        :param place: the device type.
+        :type place: CPUPlace or GPUPlace
+        :return: the input grdients of given grad_names.
+        :rtype: a list of numpy.array
+        """
+        scope = core.Scope()
+        ctx = core.DeviceContext.create(place)
+
+        inputs = forward_op.inputs()
+        in_names = [item for k in inputs for item in inputs[k]]
+        outputs = forward_op.outputs()
+        out_names = [item for k in outputs for item in outputs[k]]
+
+        # create input var and set value
+        for name, value in input_value.iteritems():
+            if name not in in_names:
+                raise ValueError(name + "does not exist in Op's inputs.")
+            var = scope.new_var(name).get_tensor()
+            var.set_dims(value.shape)
+            var.set(value, place)
+
+        # run forward op
+        for out_name in out_names:
+            scope.new_var(out_name)
+        forward_op.infer_shape(scope)
+        forward_op.run(scope, ctx)
 
+        # set output var's shape
+        # set output grad to ones
+        for name in out_names:
+            out_tensor = scope.find_var(name).get_tensor()
+            grad_tensor = scope.new_var(grad_var_name(name)).get_tensor()
+            grad_tensor.set_dims(out_tensor.shape())
+            data = numpy.ones(out_tensor.shape(), dtype=numpy.float32)
+            grad_tensor.set(data, place)
+
+        # run backward op
+        for name in backward_op.outputs():
+            scope.new_var(name)
+        backward_op.infer_shape(scope)
+        backward_op.run(scope, ctx)
+
+        outs = [
+            numpy.array(scope.find_var(name).get_tensor())
+            for name in grad_names
+        ]
+        return outs
+
+    def compare_grad(self, forward_op, input_value):
+        """ Compare the input gradients between CPU and GPU for the given forward
+        operator.
+
+        :param forward_op: forward operator
+        :type forward_op: Operator
+        :param input_value: input values.
+        :type input_value: dict{string:numpy.array}
+        :raises: AssertionError, there is different gradient value.
+        """
+        backward_op = core.Operator.backward(forward_op, set())
+        # return if not compile with GPU or not implementing GPU kernel
+        if not (core.is_compile_gpu() and backward_op.support_gpu()):
+            return
+
+        outputs = backward_op.outputs()
+        out_names = [item for k in outputs for item in outputs[k]]
+        cpu_grads = self.__get_gradient(forward_op, backward_op, input_value,
+                                        out_names, core.CPUPlace())
+        gpu_grads = self.__get_gradient(forward_op, backward_op, input_value,
+                                        out_names, core.GPUPlace(0))
+
+        for c_grad, g_grad, name in itertools.izip(cpu_grads, gpu_grads,
+                                                   out_names):
+            self.assertTrue(
+                numpy.allclose(
+                    c_grad, g_grad, atol=1e-4),
+                "output name: " + name + " has diff")
+
+    def __assert_is_close(self, numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names,
+                          max_relative_error, msg_prefix):
+        """Use relative error for the comparison.
+
+        :param numeric_grads: the numerical graidents.
+        :type numeric_grads: a list of numpy.array 
+        :param analytic_grads: the analytical graidents.
+        :type analytic_grads: a list of numpy.array 
+        :param name: the names of gradients, used to print for debug.
+        :type names: a list of string
+        :param msg_prefix: string info, used to print for debug.
+        :type msf_prefix: string
+        """
+        for a, b, name in itertools.izip(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, names):
             abs_a = numpy.abs(a)
             # if abs_a is nearly zero, then use abs error for a, not relative
             # error.
@@ -159,105 +258,26 @@ class GradientChecker(unittest.TestCase):
 
         inputs = forward_op.inputs()
         in_names = [item for k in inputs for item in inputs[k]]
-        outputs = forward_op.outputs()
-        out_names = [item for k in outputs for item in outputs[k]]
-
         for no_grad in no_grad_set:
             if no_grad not in in_names:
                 raise ValueError("no_grad should be in in_names")
         backward_op = core.Operator.backward(forward_op, no_grad_set)
 
-        bwd_outputs = backward_op.outputs()
-        bwd_out_names = [item for k in bwd_outputs for item in bwd_outputs[k]]
-
         places = [core.CPUPlace()]
         if not only_cpu and core.is_compile_gpu() and backward_op.support_gpu():
             places.append(core.GPUPlace(0))
 
-        numeric_grad = dict()
-        # get numeric gradient
-        for check_name in inputs_to_check:
-            numeric_grad[check_name] = \
-                get_numeric_gradient(forward_op, input_vars, output_name,
-                                     check_name)
+        # get numerical gradients
+        numeric_grads = [
+            get_numeric_gradient(forward_op, input_vars, output_name, name)
+            for name in inputs_to_check
+        ]
 
-        # get operator gradient according to different device
+        check_names = [grad_var_name(name) for name in inputs_to_check]
         for place in places:
-            scope = core.Scope()
-            ctx = core.DeviceContext.create(place)
-
-            # create input var and set value
-            for name, value in input_vars.iteritems():
-                if name not in in_names:
-                    raise ValueError(name + " not in op.inputs_")
-                var = scope.new_var(name).get_tensor()
-                var.set_dims(value.shape)
-                var.set(value, place)
-
-            # create output var
-            for out_name in out_names:
-                scope.new_var(out_name).get_tensor()
-
-            # infer the shape of output var and compute/set value of output var
-            forward_op.infer_shape(scope)
-            forward_op.run(scope, ctx)
-
-            # create output grad var
-            # set shape as the output var
-            # set value of this grad to ones
-            for name in out_names:
-                out_tensor = scope.find_var(name).get_tensor()
-                grad_tensor = scope.new_var(grad_var_name(name)).get_tensor()
-                grad_tensor.set_dims(out_tensor.shape())
-                data = 1.0 * numpy.ones(out_tensor.shape())
-                grad_tensor.set(data, place)
-
-            # create input grad var
-            for name in bwd_out_names:
-                scope.new_var(name).get_tensor()
-
-            # infer the shape of input gradient var and compute/set it's value
-            # with backward op
-            backward_op.infer_shape(scope)
-            backward_op.run(scope, ctx)
-
-            self.assert_is_close(numeric_grad, scope, max_relative_error,
+            # get analytical gradients according to different device
+            analytic_grads = self.__get_gradient(forward_op, backward_op,
+                                                 input_vars, check_names, place)
+            self.__assert_is_close(numeric_grads, analytic_grads, check_names,
+                                   max_relative_error,
                                    "Gradient Check On %s" % str(place))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-    class GetNumericGradientTest(unittest.TestCase):
-        def test_add_op(self):
-            add_op = Operator('add_two', X="X", Y="Y", Out="Z")
-            x = numpy.random.random((10, 1)).astype("float32")
-            y = numpy.random.random((10, 1)).astype("float32")
-
-            arr = get_numeric_gradient(add_op, {'X': x, "Y": y}, 'Z', 'X')
-            self.assertAlmostEqual(arr.mean(), 1.0, delta=1e-2)
-
-        def test_softmax_op(self):
-            def stable_softmax(x):
-                """Compute the softmax of vector x in a numerically stable way."""
-                shiftx = x - numpy.max(x)
-                exps = numpy.exp(shiftx)
-                return exps / numpy.sum(exps)
-
-            def label_softmax_grad(Y, dY):
-                dX = Y * 0.0
-                for i in range(Y.shape[0]):
-                    d = numpy.dot(Y[i, :], dY[i, :])
-                    dX[i, :] = Y[i, :] * (dY[i, :] - d)
-                return dX
-
-            softmax_op = Operator("softmax", X="X", Y="Y")
-
-            X = numpy.random.random((2, 2)).astype("float32")
-            Y = numpy.apply_along_axis(stable_softmax, 1, X)
-            dY = numpy.ones(Y.shape)
-            dX = label_softmax_grad(Y, dY)
-
-            arr = get_numeric_gradient(softmax_op, {"X": X}, 'Y', 'X')
-            numpy.testing.assert_almost_equal(arr, dX, decimal=1e-2)
-
-    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_gradient_checker.py

+import unittest
+import numpy
+from paddle.v2.framework.op import Operator
+from gradient_checker import GradientChecker
+from gradient_checker import get_numeric_gradient
+
+
+class GetNumericGradientTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_add_op(self):
+        add_op = Operator('add_two', X="X", Y="Y", Out="Z")
+        x = numpy.random.random((10, 1)).astype("float32")
+        y = numpy.random.random((10, 1)).astype("float32")
+
+        arr = get_numeric_gradient(add_op, {'X': x, "Y": y}, 'Z', 'X')
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(arr.mean(), 1.0, delta=1e-4)
+
+    def test_softmax_op(self):
+        def stable_softmax(x):
+            """Compute the softmax of vector x in a numerically stable way."""
+            shiftx = x - numpy.max(x)
+            exps = numpy.exp(shiftx)
+            return exps / numpy.sum(exps)
+
+        def label_softmax_grad(Y, dY):
+            dX = Y * 0.0
+            for i in range(Y.shape[0]):
+                d = numpy.dot(Y[i, :], dY[i, :])
+                dX[i, :] = Y[i, :] * (dY[i, :] - d)
+            return dX
+
+        softmax_op = Operator("softmax", X="X", Y="Y")
+
+        X = numpy.random.random((2, 2)).astype("float32")
+        Y = numpy.apply_along_axis(stable_softmax, 1, X)
+        dY = numpy.ones(Y.shape)
+        dX = label_softmax_grad(Y, dY)
+
+        arr = get_numeric_gradient(softmax_op, {"X": X}, 'Y', 'X')
+        numpy.testing.assert_almost_equal(arr, dX, decimal=1e-2)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_mean_op.py

 import unittest
 from op_test_util import OpTestMeta
+from gradient_checker import GradientChecker, create_op
 import numpy as np
 
 
@@ -12,5 +13,12 @@ class TestMeanOp(unittest.TestCase):
         self.outputs = {'Out': np.mean(self.inputs['X'])}
 
 
+class MeanGradOpTest(GradientChecker):
+    def test_normal(self):
+        op = create_op("mean")
+        inputs = {"X": np.random.random((10, 10)).astype("float32")}
+        self.check_grad(op, inputs, set("X"), "Out")
+
+
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()

python/paddle/v2/framework/tests/test_sigmoid_op.py

 import unittest
-from op_test_util import OpTestMeta
 import numpy as np
+from op_test_util import OpTestMeta
+from gradient_checker import GradientChecker, create_op
 
 
 class TestSigmoidOp(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -8,12 +9,20 @@ class TestSigmoidOp(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.type = "sigmoid"
-        self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((32, 100)).astype("float32")}
+        self.inputs = {'X': np.random.random((15, 31)).astype("float32")}
         self.outputs = {'Y': 1 / (1 + np.exp(-self.inputs['X']))}
 
 
-#class TestSigmoidGradOp(unittest.TestCase):
-#TODO(qingqing) add unit test
+class TestSigmoidGradOp(GradientChecker):
+    def test_grad(self):
+        op = create_op("sigmoid")
+        inputs = {"X": np.random.uniform(0.1, 1, [11, 17]).astype("float32")}
+        # compare gpu and cpu results for backward op.
+        # this test will be skiped if only compiling CPU version.
+        self.compare_grad(op, inputs)
+        # check gradients 
+        self.check_grad(op, inputs, set("X"), "Y", max_relative_error=0.007)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()