Merge branch 'develop' of http://github.com/paddlepaddle/paddle into...

Merge branch 'develop' of http://github.com/paddlepaddle/paddle into fix_cpplint_errors_operators_detail

.pre-commit-config.yaml

+repos:
 -   repo: https://github.com/Lucas-C/pre-commit-hooks.git
     sha: v1.0.1
     hooks:
@@ -25,6 +26,14 @@
         entry: bash ./.clang_format.hook -i
         language: system
         files: \.(c|cc|cxx|cpp|cu|h|hpp|hxx|proto)$
+-   repo: local
+    hooks:
+    -   id: cpplint-cpp-source
+        name: cpplint
+        description: Check C++ code style using cpplint.py.
+        entry: bash ./tools/codestyle/cpplint_pre_commit.hook
+        language: system
+        files: \.(c|cc|cxx|cpp|cu|h|hpp|hxx)$
 -   repo: https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/pre-commit-golang
     sha: 8337620115c25ff8333f1b1a493bd031049bd7c0
     hooks:

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -146,6 +146,7 @@ include(external/cares)
 include(external/grpc)
 include(external/snappy)    # download snappy
 include(external/snappystream)
+include(external/threadpool)
 
 include(cudnn)              # set cudnn libraries, must before configure
 include(cupti)

cmake/external/threadpool.cmake

+INCLUDE(ExternalProject)
+
+SET(THREADPOOL_SOURCE_DIR ${THIRD_PARTY_PATH}/threadpool)
+SET(THREADPOOL_INCLUDE_DIR ${THREADPOOL_SOURCE_DIR}/src/extern_threadpool)
+INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES(${THREADPOOL_INCLUDE_DIR})
+
+ExternalProject_Add(
+    extern_threadpool
+    ${EXTERNAL_PROJECT_LOG_ARGS}
+    GIT_REPOSITORY  "https://github.com/progschj/ThreadPool.git"
+    GIT_TAG         9a42ec1329f259a5f4881a291db1dcb8f2ad9040
+    PREFIX          ${THREADPOOL_SOURCE_DIR}
+    UPDATE_COMMAND  ""
+    CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+    BUILD_COMMAND     ""
+    INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
+    TEST_COMMAND      ""
+)
+
+if (${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS "3.3.0")
+    set(dummyfile ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/threadpool_dummy.c)
+    file(WRITE ${dummyfile} "const char *dummy_threadpool = \"${dummyfile}\";")
+    add_library(simple_threadpool STATIC ${dummyfile})
+else()
+    add_library(simple_threadpool INTERFACE)
+endif()
+
+add_dependencies(simple_threadpool extern_threadpool)
+
+LIST(APPEND external_project_dependencies simple_threadpool)

doc/CMakeLists.txt

+add_custom_target(paddle_apis ALL
+                  DEPENDS paddle_v2_apis paddle_fluid_apis)
+
+add_custom_target(paddle_docs ALL
+                  DEPENDS paddle_v2_docs paddle_v2_docs_cn
+                  paddle_fluid_docs paddle_fluid_docs_cn)
+
 add_subdirectory(v2)
 add_subdirectory(fluid)

doc/design/images/parallel_executor_overview.dot

+digraph G {
+  subgraph cluster_init {
+    label="Initialization"
+    startup_program [label="startup", shape=box]
+    node_w_g0 [label="W\nGPU0"]
+    startup_program -> node_w_g0 [label="Initialize"]
+    node_w_g1 [label="W\nGPU1"]
+    node_w_g0 -> node_w_g1 [label="broadcast"]
+  }
+
+  subgraph cluster_train {
+    label="forward_backward"
+
+    subgraph cluster_gpu0 {
+      label="GPU0"
+      fc_0 [label="fc\nGPU0", shape=box]
+      hidden_0 [label="hidden\nGPU0"]
+      node_w_g0 -> fc_0
+      fc_0 -> hidden_0
+      loss0 [label="loss\nGPU0"]
+      hidden_0 -> loss0 [label="many ops omitted"]
+      scale_loss_0 [label="scale_loss_gradient\nGPU0", shape=box]
+      loss_g0 [label="loss_grad\nGPU0"]
+      scale_loss_0->loss_g0
+      
+      fc_g_0 [label="w_grad\nGPU0", shape=box]
+      loss0 -> fc_g_0
+      loss_g0 -> fc_g_0
+      hidden_0 -> fc_g_0
+    }
+
+    subgraph cluster_gpu1 {
+      label="GPU1"
+      fc_1 [label="fc\nGPU1", shape=box]
+      hidden_1 [label="hidden\nGPU1"]
+      node_w_g1 -> fc_1
+      fc_1 -> hidden_1
+      loss1 [label="loss\nGPU1"]
+      hidden_1 -> loss1 [label="many ops omitted"]
+      scale_loss_1 [label="scale_loss_gradient\nGPU1", shape=box]
+      loss_g1 [label="loss_grad\nGPU1"]
+      scale_loss_1->loss_g1
+      
+      fc_g_1 [label="w_grad\nGPU1", shape=box]
+      loss1 -> fc_g_1
+      loss_g1 -> fc_g_1
+      hidden_1 -> fc_g_1
+    }
+  }
+
+  all_reduce_w [label="Merge Gradients(AllReduce)", shape=box]
+  fc_g_0 -> all_reduce_w
+  fc_g_1 -> all_reduce_w
+
+  fc_g_0_merged [label="w_grad\nMerged\nGPU0"]
+  fc_g_1_merged [label="w_grad\nMerged\nGPU1"]
+  all_reduce_w -> fc_g_0_merged
+  all_reduce_w -> fc_g_1_merged
+
+  subgraph cluster_optimization {
+    label="Optimization"
+    subgraph cluster_opt_gpu0 {
+      label="GPU0"
+      sgd_0 [label="SGD Op\nGPU0", shape=box]
+
+      fc_g_0_merged -> sgd_0
+      node_w_g0 -> sgd_0
+      optimized_w_0 [label="Optimized W\nGPU0"]
+      sgd_0 -> optimized_w_0
+    }
+    subgraph cluster_opt_gpu1 {
+      label="GPU1"
+      sgd_1 [label="SGD Op\nGPU1", shape=box]
+
+      fc_g_1_merged -> sgd_1
+      node_w_g1 -> sgd_1
+      optimized_w_1 [label="Optimized W\nGPU0"]
+      sgd_1 -> optimized_w_1
+    }
+  }
+
+
+}

doc/design/parallel_executor.md

+# ParallelExecutor
+
+## Background
+
+Neural network models are defined as a `ProgramDesc` in Fluid. The `ProgramDesc` can be executed by an interpreter(i.e. the `executor` concept in Fluid). The instructions or operators in a `Program` will be executed, and the results will be fetched in Python side.
+
+The executor is a very naive interpreter. It runs operators one by one. We can use `Parallel.Do` to support data parallelism, however, lacking device information in `ProgramDesc`; it is not possible to optimize the performance of `Parallel.Do`.
+
+We want a `ProgramDesc` can be run on different nodes. It is better not to contain device information in `ProgramDesc`. However, we can write a high-performance interpreter, which can hold an alternative intermediate representation of `ProgramDesc`, to take full usage of Multi-GPUs. 
+
+ParallelExecutor is an interpreter of `ProgramDesc` which will [out-of-order execute](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-order_execution) `Program` in data parallelism mode and maximise the utility of Multi-GPUs.
+
+
+## Overview of MultiGPUs logic
+
+The ParallelExecutor takes the startup program and main program as inputs. The parameters will be initialised on `GPU0` by startup program and will broadcast to multi-GPUs. The main program will be duplicated into multi-GPUs. The gradient will be merged during each iteration, and each device will optimize parameters independently. Since the gradients on each device will be merged before parameter optimization, the parameters will be the same on each device and it does not need to be broadcast the parameters.
+
+![alt](images/parallel_executor_overview.png)
+
+There are several optimizations for this logic.
+
+1. We use an alternate representation in ParallelExecutor. It because the device information is critical for performance optimization.
+2. The execution is out-of-order, i.e., an operator will be executed whenever the inputs of the operator are ready. 
+   * GPU is a high-performance device; only one CPU thread cannot fulfil one GPU. So there is a thread pool to execute operators.
+   * Out-of-order also helps transpilers to generate `ProgramDesc`. It is no need to concern about the best order of performance when implementing a transpiler.
+3. The streams of computation, merge gradients and fetch data are different.
+
+The performance of `ResNeXt152` on `TitanX` which `batch_size=12` is shown below.
+
+| Number of GPUs | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4|
+| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| Image/Sec | 17.9906 | 25.771 | 36.911 | 48.8428 |
+| Speed Up | N/A | 1.43247029 | 2.05168255 | 2.71490667 |
+
+
+## Static single assignment Graph
+
+[Static single assignment form](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_single_assignment_form)(`SSA` for short) is a common form for compiler optimization. To implement concurrent execution, we uses an `SSA` graph as an intermedia representation of `ProgramDesc`.
+
+The `Program` is a directed acyclic graph, since a variable can be assigned multiple times. We enforce a variable will be assigned once, by adding version number to varaibles. We parsing the `Program` into a `SSA` graph. Also, ProgramExecutor duplicate `Program` into multi-devices. We also add a device number to varaibles and insert `NCCLAllReduce` into Graph.
+
+The data structure of `SSA` graph is:
+
+```c++
+struct VarHandleBase {
+  OpHandleBase* generated_op_;
+  vector<OpHandleBase*> pending_ops_;
+  
+  string name;
+  Place place;
+  size_t version;
+};
+
+struct OpHandleBase {
+  vector<OpHandleBase*> inputs_;
+  vector<OpHnadleBase*> outputs_;
+};
+
+struct SSAGraph {
+  // vars on each devices. 
+  //   * the vars in each map in vector is on different device.
+  //   * the map is mapping a variable name to variable handles
+  //   with different versions
+  vector<std::unordered_map<string, vector<VarHandleBase>>> vars_;
+  
+  // All ops
+  vector<OpHandleBase> ops_;
+};
+```
+The variable handles are the wrapper of `Variables`. The operator handles are the wrapper of `OperatorBase`. Some `OpHandle` is not an `OperatorBase`, such as `NCCLAllReduceOpHandle`, because `AllReduceOpHandle` will use new device contexts.
+
+When the `ProgramDesc` converted into an `SSA` Graph, the [data hazard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)) problem is also need to be taken care. The dummy variables, which represent the dependency between operators, will be manually inserted into SSA graph to resolve the [data hazard](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)) problem.
+
+## Execute SSA Graph
+
+The SSA graph can be out-of-order executed by an approximate [topological sorting](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological_sorting) algorithm. The algorithm is
+
+1. Maintaining a map of an operator and its needed input number.
+2. If a variable is not generated by an operator, i.e., `var.generated_op == nullptr`, decrease the needed input number of its pending operators.
+3. If there is an operator which needed input number is decreased to zero, just run this operator.
+4. After run this operator, just mark the variables are generated and repeat step 2 until all variables are generated.
+
+Running an operator can be asynchronized. There is a thread pool to execute an `SSA` graph.
+
+## Synchronize GPU Kernels
+
+The GPU is a non-blocking device. The different streams need be synchronized when switing streams. In current implementation, the synchronization based on the following algorithm:
+
+1. `OpHandle` will record `DeviceContext` that it is used.
+2. In `OpHandle::Run`, if the `DeviceContext` of current operator is different from `DeviceContext` of any input variable, just wait the generate operator of this input variable.
+
+The `wait` are implemented by two strategies:
+
+1. Invoke `DeviceContext->Wait()`, It will wait all operators on this device contexts complete.
+2. Uses `cudaStreamWaitEvent` to sending a event to the stream. It is a non-blocking call. The wait operators will be executed in GPU.
+
+Generally, the `cudaStreamWaitEvent` will have a better perforamnce. However, `DeviceContext->Wait()` strategy is easier to debug. The strategy can be changed in runtime.
+
+## What's next?
+
+* Merging gradient of dense parameters has been done. However, the merging of sparse parameters has not been done.
+* The CPU version of Parallel Executor has not been implemented. The out-of-order logic will make CPU compuatation faster, too.
+* A better strategy to merge gradients can be introduced. We can shrink the gradients from `float32` to `int8` or `int4` while merging. It will significantly speed up multi-GPUs training without much loss of precision.
+* Combine multi-Nodes implementation. By the benifit of out-of-order, sending and recving operator can be an blocking operator, and the transpiler does not need to concern about the best position of operator.

doc/fluid/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ sphinx_add_target(paddle_fluid_docs
                   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                   ${SPHINX_HTML_DIR_EN})
 
+add_dependencies(paddle_fluid_docs gen_proto_py)
+
 # configured documentation tools and intermediate build results
 set(BINARY_BUILD_DIR_CN "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cn/_build")
 
@@ -47,3 +49,7 @@ sphinx_add_target(paddle_fluid_docs_cn
                   ${SPHINX_CACHE_DIR_CN}
                   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                   ${SPHINX_HTML_DIR_CN})
+
+add_dependencies(paddle_fluid_docs_cn gen_proto_py)
+
+add_subdirectory(api)

doc/fluid/api/CMakeLists.txt

+# configured documentation tools and intermediate build results
+set(BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/en/_build")
+
+# Sphinx cache with pickled ReST documents
+set(SPHINX_CACHE_DIR_EN "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/en/_doctrees")
+
+# HTML output director
+set(SPHINX_HTML_DIR_EN "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/en/html")
+
+configure_file(
+    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../../templates/conf.py.en.in"
+    "${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN}/conf.py"
+    @ONLY)
+
+sphinx_add_target(paddle_fluid_apis
+                  html
+                  ${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN}
+                  ${SPHINX_CACHE_DIR_EN}
+                  ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
+                  ${SPHINX_HTML_DIR_EN})
+
+add_dependencies(paddle_fluid_apis  gen_proto_py framework_py_proto copy_paddle_pybind)

doc/fluid/build_and_install/build_from_source_cn.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/build_from_source_cn.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/build_from_source_en.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/build_from_source_en.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/docker_install_cn.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/docker_install_cn.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/docker_install_en.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/docker_install_en.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/index_cn.rst

-安装与使用
-------------

doc/fluid/build_and_install/index_cn.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/index_cn.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/index_en.rst

-Build and Install
-------------

doc/fluid/build_and_install/index_en.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/index_en.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/pip_install_cn.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/pip_install_cn.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/build_and_install/pip_install_en.rst

+../../v2/build_and_install/pip_install_en.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/design/algorithm/index_cn.rst

+梯度更新算法
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  parameter_average.md

doc/fluid/design/algorithm/index_en.rst

+Gradient Update Algorithm
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  parameter_average.md

doc/fluid/design/concepts/README.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ A few months ago when we were trying to replace CMake with Bazel, @emailweixu su
 
 Here are some initial thoughts. Your comments are welcome!
 
-### Required CMake Function
+# Required CMake Function
 
 I think we need only the following few CMake functions to make a project description mean and clean:
 
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ Also,
 - to describe external dependencies, we need `external_library`.
 - to build shared libraries, we need `shared_library`.
 
-### An Example Project
+## An Example Project
 
 Suppose that we have aforementioned functions defined in our `/cmake` directory.  The following example `CMakeLists.txt` describes a project including the following source files:
 
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ shared_library(api
 
 ```
 
-### Implementation
+## Implementation
 
 As above example CMakeLists.txt executes, each function invocation adds "nodes" to a dependency graph.  It also use this graph to generate CMake commands including `add_executable`, `add_dependencies`, `target_link_libraries`, and `add_test`.
 
-### Using Package Manager For Go
+## Using Package Manager For Go
 
 Building Go binaries and libraries need to satisfy their dependencies, generally
 we can do `go get ./...` to download and compile all external dependencies. The
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ problems are:
    at many cloud file hosting, so users what to compile paddle by themselves can
    download this "vendor" package from a mirror site.
 
-#### Choose A Suitable Tool
+### Choose A Suitable Tool
 
 As mentioned by @wangkuiyi, [Here](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/PackageManagementTools)
 list dozens of Go package managers. We choose the tool using following principles:
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ management tool has been started at: https://github.com/golang/dep to resolve
 such problems, but it's currently at Alpha stage. So the best choice now is
 glide obviously.
 
-#### Manage Go Packages
+### Manage Go Packages
 
 - Dependencies: `go/glide.yaml` will store the dependencies and their versions which
   is directly imported by paddle. `go/glide.lock` will store all dependencies recursively

doc/fluid/design/concepts/index_cn.rst

+核心概念
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  README.md
+  cpp_data_feeding.md
+  functions_operators_layers.md
+  program.md
+  variable.md
+  var_desc.md
+  tensor.md
+  tensor_array.md
+  lod_tensor.md
+  block.md
+  scope.md
+  executor.md

doc/fluid/design/concepts/index_en.rst

+Core Concepts
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  README.md
+  cpp_data_feeding.md
+  functions_operators_layers.md
+  program.md
+  variable.md
+  var_desc.md
+  tensor.md
+  tensor_array.md
+  lod_tensor.md
+  block.md
+  scope.md
+  executor.md

doc/fluid/design/concepts/scope.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ In `Scope` class, there is a private data member called `parent_`. `parent_` is
 
 A local scope is very useful when we implement Recurrent Neural Network. Each timestep of an RNN should be a `Net`. Each `Net` of timestep (`StepNet` for short) should use an independent local scope. Just like variables in a while loop is inside a local scope in programming languages. By using a single `StepNet` and changing local scope, we can implement an RNN easily.
 
-# Interface Design
+## Interface Design
 
 ```cpp
 class Variable {

doc/fluid/design/concepts/var_desc.md

+# Design Doc: Var_desc
+
 ## Background
 PaddlePaddle divides the description of neural network computation into two stages: compile time and runtime. At compile time, the neural network computation is described as a `ProgramDesc` whereas at runtime an `Executor` interprets the `ProgramDesc` to compute the operations.
 

doc/fluid/design/concurrent/index_cn.rst

+并发编程
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  concurrent_programming.md
+  parallel_do.md

doc/fluid/design/concurrent/index_en.rst

+Concurrent Programming
+-------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  concurrent_programming.md
+  parallel_do.md

doc/fluid/design/data_type/index_cn.rst

+数据类型
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  float16.md

doc/fluid/design/data_type/index_en.rst

+Data Type
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  float16.md

doc/fluid/design/dist_train/distributed_lookup_table_design.md

-## Design Doc: Distributed Lookup Table Operator
+# Design Doc: Distributed Lookup Table Operator
 
 A lookup table operator in PaddlePaddle where the table could be out
 of the memory of a computer.

doc/fluid/design/dist_train/index_cn.rst

+分布式训练
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  distributed_architecture.md
+  distributed_lookup_table_design.md
+  parameter_server.md

doc/fluid/design/dist_train/index_en.rst

+Distributed Training
+---------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  distributed_architecture.md
+  distributed_lookup_table_design.md
+  parameter_server.md

doc/fluid/design/dynamic_rnn/index_cn.rst

+动态RNN
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  rnn.md
+  rnn_design.md

doc/fluid/design/dynamic_rnn/index_en.rst

+Dynamic RNN
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  rnn.md
+  rnn_design.md

doc/fluid/design/dynamic_rnn/rnn_design.md

@@ -233,7 +233,10 @@ x    x
 - 将每个序列concat 为规则的mini-batch表示
 
 ## 参考文献
-1. [Tensorflow Bucketing](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.12/api_docs/python/contrib.training/bucketing)
-2. [mxnet Bucketing](http://mxnet.io/how_to/bucketing.html)
-3. [variable length input in RNN scenario](https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/about-the-variable-length-input-in-rnn-scenario/345/5)
-4. [Level of details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_detail)
+[Tensorflow Bucketing](https://www.tensorflow.org/versions/r0.12/api_docs/python/contrib.training/bucketing)
+
+[mxnet Bucketing](http://mxnet.io/how_to/bucketing.html)
+
+[variable length input in RNN scenario](https://discuss.pytorch.org/t/about-the-variable-length-input-in-rnn-scenario/345/5)
+
+[Level of details](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_detail)

doc/fluid/design/execution/index_cn.rst

+执行流程
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  switch.md
+  if_else_op.md

doc/fluid/design/execution/index_en.rst

+Execution Process
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  switch.md
+  if_else_op.md

doc/fluid/design/execution/switch.md

-### Design Doc: Switch
+# Design Doc: Switch
 
-### Background
+## Background
 
 Many programming languages provide `switch` as a generalization of `if-elif-else`.  We want to add it to Fluid.
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ with switch() as switch:
         fluid.print("Case 3")
 ```
 
-### The Semantics
+## The Semantics
 
 1. A `switch` control-flow checks cases one-by-one.
 1. The condition of each case is a boolean value, which is a scalar, and differs from the `fluid.if_else` control-flow, which condition could be a vector of boolean values.

doc/fluid/design/index_cn.rst

 设计思想
 ------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  motivation/index_cn.rst
+  execution/index_cn.rst
+  concepts/index_cn.rst
+  data_type/index_cn.rst
+  memory/index_cn.rst
+  muti_devices/index_cn.rst
+  dynamic_rnn/index_cn.rst
+  concurrent/index_cn.rst
+  algorithm/index_cn.rst
+  network/index_cn.rst
+  modules/index_cn.rst
+  interface/index_cn.rst
+  dist_train/index_cn.rst

doc/fluid/design/index_en.rst

 Design
 ------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  motivation/index_en.rst
+  execution/index_en.rst
+  concepts/index_en.rst
+  data_type/index_en.rst
+  memory/index_en.rst
+  muti_devices/index_en.rst
+  dynamic_rnn/index_en.rst
+  concurrent/index_en.rst
+  algorithm/index_en.rst
+  network/index_en.rst
+  modules/index_en.rst
+  interface/index_en.rst
+  dist_train/index_en.rst

doc/fluid/design/interface/index_cn.rst

+多语言接口
+------------
+
+TBD

doc/fluid/design/interface/index_en.rst

+Multi-Language Interface
+-----------------------
+
+TBD

doc/fluid/design/memory/index_cn.rst

+内存管理
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  memory_optimization.md

doc/fluid/design/memory/index_en.rst

+Memory Management
+-------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  memory_optimization.md

doc/fluid/design/modules/evaluator.md

-## Evaluator Design
+# Evaluator Design
 
-### Problem Statement
+## Problem Statement
 
 During training or inference, we provide an evaluation function to measure the model performance, for example, accuracy, precision, etc. In the operator based framework design, the data passes through the network pipeline batch by batch. As a result, inside the operator, we only calculate the metrics for one minibatch. Thus, we need to provide a mechanism to calculate the metrics for each N pass/batch the user wants.
 
-### Evaluator Design
+## Evaluator Design
 Currently, every operation is expressed in the graph. We divide the evaluator process into three steps.
 
 1. Initialize the metric state and add it into the block.
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Currently, every operation is expressed in the graph. We divide the evaluator pr
 
 3. Merge the mini-batch statistics to form the evaluation result for multiple mini-batches. When it comes to distributed training/Multi-GPU training, aggregate the value from different devices.
 
-### Implementation
+## Implementation
 This design is shown in the Python API.
 Each metric operator needs to caculate the metric statistic and return the batch-aware states. Python side is responsible for accumulating the states for each pass.
 

doc/fluid/design/modules/index_cn.rst

+代码结构和重要模块
+-----------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  backward.md
+  python_api.md
+  regularization.md
+  infer_var_type.md
+  optimizer.md
+  prune.md
+  register_grad_op.md
+  net_op_design.md

doc/fluid/design/modules/index_en.rst

+Code Structure and Important Modules
+-------------------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  backward.md
+  python_api.md
+  regularization.md
+  infer_var_type.md
+  optimizer.md
+  prune.md
+  register_grad_op.md
+  net_op_design.md

doc/fluid/design/modules/net_op_design.md

@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ A network object knows all Operators belonging to this network. Variables,
 which are inputs and outputs of these operators,
 are created and managed by a hierarchy of Scope objects.
 
-# API
+## API
 
-## Net
+### Net
 To make the `Network` extendable, a base class is defined like this
 
 ```c++
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ if (net) {
 }
 ```
 
-## `PlainNet` as a simple implementation of `BaseNet`
+### `PlainNet` as a simple implementation of `BaseNet`
 
 A very basic implementation is as follows. All it does is simply to run every operators in sequence.
 
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ class NetBuilder final {
 }
 ```
 
-## Compatibility with RNN
+### Compatibility with RNN
 
 Benefitting from the decoupling of `PlainNet.Run` and `Scope`, `PlainNet` is compatible with future RNN design,
 for example we can implement a simple recurrent neural network as follows

doc/fluid/design/modules/optimizer.md

-## Optimizer Design
+# Optimizer Design
 
-### The Problem
+## The Problem
 
 A PaddlePaddle program, or a block, is a sequence of operators operating variables.  A training program needs to do three kinds of works:
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ It's true that users should be able to create all these operators manually by ca
 In this design, we propose a high-level API that automatically derives the optimisation pass and operators from the forward pass.
 
 
-### High-level Python API to describe the training process
+## High-level Python API to describe the training process
 
 1. User write code to describe the network:
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ In this design, we propose a high-level API that automatically derives the optim
 	sess.run(target= opt_op_list, ...)
 	```
 
-#### Optimizer Python interface:
+### Optimizer Python interface:
 
 ```python
 class Optimizer(object):

doc/fluid/design/motivation/index_cn.rst

+设计动机和目标
+-------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  api.md
+  refactorization.md
+  fluid.md
+  fluid_compiler.md

doc/fluid/design/motivation/index_en.rst

+Design Motivations and Goals
+--------------------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  api.md
+  refactorization.md
+  fluid.md
+  fluid_compiler.md

doc/fluid/design/motivation/refactorization.md

@@ -97,13 +97,13 @@ Compile Time -> IR -> Runtime
 
 ---
 
-# Operator/OpWithKernel/OpKernel
+## Operator/OpWithKernel/OpKernel
 
 ![class_diagram](http://api.paddlepaddle.org/graphviz?dot=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/reyoung/53df507f6749762675dff3e7ce53372f/raw/49caf1fb70820fb4a6c217634317c9306f361f36/op_op_with_kern_class_diagram.dot)
 
 ---
 
-# Operator
+## Operator
 ![class_diagram](http://api.paddlepaddle.org/graphviz?dot=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/reyoung/53df507f6749762675dff3e7ce53372f/raw/dd598e8f1976f5759f58af5e5ef94738a6b2e661/op.dot)
 
 * `Operator` is the fundamental building block of the user interface.
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ Compile Time -> IR -> Runtime
 
 ---
 
-# OpWithKernel/Kernel
+## OpWithKernel/Kernel
 
 ![class_diagram](http://api.paddlepaddle.org/graphviz?dot=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/reyoung/53df507f6749762675dff3e7ce53372f/raw/9d7f4eba185cf41c8e2fbfb40ae21890dbddcd39/op_with_kernel.dot)
 
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ Compile Time -> IR -> Runtime
 
 ---
 
-# Why separate Kernel and Operator
+## Why separate Kernel and Operator
 
 * Separate GPU and CPU code.
     * Make Paddle capable of running without GPU.
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ Compile Time -> IR -> Runtime
     * For example, same multiplication op can have different implementations kernels such as FP16 kernel, FP32 kernel, MKL, eigen kernel.
 ---
 
-# Libraries for Kernel development
+## Libraries for Kernel development
 
 * `Eigen::Tensor` contains basic math and element-wise functions.
     * Note that `Eigen::Tensor` has broadcast implementation.
@@ -143,16 +143,16 @@ Compile Time -> IR -> Runtime
 * Hand-writing `GPUKernel` and `CPU` code
     * Do not write in header (`.h`) files. CPU Kernel should be in cpp source (`.cc`) and GPU kernels should be in cuda (`.cu`) files. (GCC cannot compile GPU code.)
 ---
-# Operator Registration
+## Operator Registration
 
-## Why is registration necessary?
+### Why is registration necessary?
 We need a method to build mappings between Op type names and Op classes.
 
-## How is registration implemented?
+### How is registration implemented?
 Maintaining a map, whose key is the type name and the value is the corresponding Op constructor.
 
 ---
-# The Registry Map
+## The Registry Map
 
 ### `OpInfoMap`
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Maintaining a map, whose key is the type name and the value is the corresponding
 - **`checker`**: Used to check attributes.
 
 ---
-# Related Concepts
+## Related Concepts
 
 ### Op_Maker
 It's constructor takes `proto` and `checker`. They are completed during Op_Maker's construction. ([ScaleOpMaker](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/scale_op.cc#L37))
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(op_type, op_class, op_maker_class)
 ```
 
 ---
-# Registration Process
+## Registration Process
 1. Write an Op class and its gradient Op class, if required.
 2. Write an Op maker class. In the constructor of this class, describe the inputs, outputs and attributes of the operator.
 3. Invoke the macro `REGISTER_OP`. This macro will
@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@ REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(op_type, op_class, op_maker_class)
 	2. Using the completed `proto` and `checker`, it will add a new key-value pair to the `OpInfoMap`
 
 ---
-# Backward Module (1/2)
+## Backward Module (1/2)
 ### Create Backward Operator
 - Mapping from forward Op to backward Op
 ![backward](https://gist.githubusercontent.com/dzhwinter/a6fbd4623ee76c459f7f94591fd1abf0/raw/61026ab6e518e66bde66a889bc42557a1fccff33/backward.png)
 
 ---
-# Backward Module (2/2)
+## Backward Module (2/2)
 ### Build Backward Network
 - **Input**: a graph of forward operators
 - **Output**: a graph of backward operators
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(op_type, op_class, op_maker_class)
 
 
 ---
-# Scope, Variable, Tensor
+## Scope, Variable, Tensor
 
 * `Tensor` is an n-dimension array with type.
 	* Only dims and data pointers are stored in `Tensor`.
@@ -218,8 +218,8 @@ REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(op_type, op_class, op_maker_class)
 	* `Scope` has a hierarchical structure. The local scope can get variables from its parent scope.
 
 ---
-# Block (in design)
-## the difference between original RNNOp and Block
+## Block (in design)
+### the difference between original RNNOp and Block
 - As an operator is more intuitive than `RNNOp`,
 - Offers a new interface `Eval(targets)` to deduce the minimal block to `Run`,
 - Fits the compile-time/ runtime separation design paradigm.
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(op_type, op_class, op_maker_class)
   - When graph executes, a Block with `BlockDesc` is passed. It then creates `Op` and `Var` instances and then invokes `Run`.
 
 ---
-# Milestone
+## Milestone
 - Take Paddle/books as the main line, the requirement of the models motivates framework refactoring,
 - Model migration
   - Framework development gives **priority support** to model migration, for example,
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ REGISTER_OP_WITHOUT_GRADIENT(op_type, op_class, op_maker_class)
 - Accept imperfection, concentrate on solving the specific problem at the right price.
 
 ---
-# Control the migration quality
+## Control the migration quality
 - Compare the performance of migrated models with old ones.
 - Follow the google C++ style guide.
 - Build the automatic workflow of generating Python/C++ documentations.

doc/fluid/design/muti_devices/index_cn.rst

+多设备支持
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  operator_kernel_type.md
+  kernel_selection.md
+  kernel_hint_design.md

doc/fluid/design/muti_devices/index_en.rst

+Multi-Device Support
+----------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  operator_kernel_type.md
+  kernel_selection.md
+  kernel_hint_design.md

doc/fluid/design/muti_devices/kernel_hint_design.md

-## Problem
+# Problem
 In PaddlePaddle's [Design](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/doc/design/switch_kernel.md), one Operator may have multiple kernels. Users may have some personal preference to choose a certain type of kernel for an operator, such as `force_cpu` to choose a CPU kernel, `use_cudnn` to choose a CUDNN kernel, we need to provide a way for users to do this.
 
 In the current design, we use KernelType to describe one kernel.

doc/fluid/design/muti_devices/kernel_selection.md

-## Background
+# Background
 Every operator has many kernels because there are multiple data types, places, data layout, library type that Fluid supports. We use the `OpKernelType ` to describe kernel types that operators can hold.
 
 The `OpKernelType ` is as follows:

doc/fluid/design/network/index_cn.rst

+复杂网络设计
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  sequence_decoder.md

doc/fluid/design/network/index_en.rst

+Complex Network Design
+------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  sequence_decoder.md

doc/fluid/dev/index_cn.rst

 开发标准
 ------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  new_op_en.md
+  new_op_kernel_en.md
+  use_eigen_en.md
+  name_convention.md
+  support_new_device.md
+  releasing_process.md
+  op_markdown_format.md

doc/fluid/dev/index_en.rst

 Development
 ------------
 
-This is Development page
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  new_op_en.md
+  new_op_kernel_en.md
+  use_eigen_en.md
+  name_convention.md
+  support_new_device.md
+  releasing_process.md
+  op_markdown_format.md

doc/fluid/dev/name_convention.md

-## Operator's Parameter Name Convention
+# Operator's Parameter Name Convention
 
 To make the operator document itself more clear, we recommend operator names obey the listing conventions.
 
-### OpProtoMaker names
+## OpProtoMaker names
 
 When defining an operator in Paddle, a corresponding [OpProtoMaker](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/framework/operator.h#L170) (TODO: OpProtoMaker Doc)need to be defined. All the Input/Output and Attributes will write into the [OpProto](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/framework/framework.proto#L61) , and will be used in client language to create operator.
 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ When defining an operator in Paddle, a corresponding [OpProtoMaker](https://gith
 - Order.
   - Follow the order of Input/Output, then Attribute, then Comments. See the example in best practice.
 
-### Best Practice
+## Best Practice
 
 Here we give some examples to show how these rules will be used.
 

doc/fluid/dev/new_op_kernel_en.md

-## Add Kernels for a New Device
+# Add Kernels for a New Device
 
-### Background
+## Background
 
 PaddlePaddle Fluid have hundreds of operators.  Each operator could have one or more kernels.  A kernel is an implementation of the operator for a certain device, which could be a hardware device, e.g., the CUDA GPU, or a library that utilizes a device, e.g., Intel MKL that makes full use of the Xeon CPU.
 
 [This document](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/doc/howto/dev/new_op_en.md) explains how to add an operator, and its kernels.  The kernels of an operator are indexed by a C++ type [`OpKernelType`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/doc/design/operator_kernel_type.md).  An operator chooses the right kernel at runtime.  This choosing mechanism is described [here](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/doc/design/switch_kernel.md).
 
-### Write Kernels for A New Device 
+## Write Kernels for A New Device
 
-#### Add A New Device
+### Add A New Device
 
   For some historical reaons, we misuse the word *library* for *device*.  For example, we call the deivce type by *library type*.  An example is the header file [`library_type.h`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/framework/library_type.h#L24).  We will correct this ASAP.
 
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ enum class LibraryType {
 ```
 
 
-#### Add A New [Place](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/platform/place.h#L53)
+### Add A New [Place](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/platform/place.h#L53)
 
 If you have a new kind of Device, firstly you need to add a new kind of [`Place`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/platform/place.h#L53). For example `CUDAPlace`:
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ struct CUDAPlace {
 typedef boost::variant<CUDAPlace, CPUPlace> Place;
 ```
 
-#### Add [device context]((https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/platform/device_context.h#L37))
+### Add [device context]((https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/platform/device_context.h#L37))
 After a new kind of Device is added, you should add a corresponding [DeviceContext](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/platform/device_context.h#L37) for it.
 
 ```cpp
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class DeviceContext {
 };
 ```
 
-#### Implement new [OpKernel](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/framework/operator.h#L351) for your Device.
+### Implement new [OpKernel](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/framework/operator.h#L351) for your Device.
 
 A detailed documentation can be found in [`new_op_and_kernel`](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/doc/howto/dev/new_op_en.md)
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class OpKernel : public OpKernelBase {
 ```
 
 
-#### Register the OpKernel to framework
+### Register the OpKernel to framework
 
 After writing the components described above, we should register the kernel to the framework.
 

doc/fluid/dev/op_markdown_format.md

@@ -15,26 +15,26 @@ The signature of the operator.
 
 Each section mentioned above has been covered in further detail in the rest of the document.
 
-# PaddlePaddle Operator Name
+## PaddlePaddle Operator Name
 This should be in all small letters, in case of multiple words, we separate them with an underscore. For example:
 `array to lod tensor` should be written as `array_to_lod_tensor`.
 
 This naming convention should be standard across all PaddlePaddle operators.
 
-# Standard Operator Name
+## Standard Operator Name
 This is the standard name of the operator as used in the community. The general standard is usually:
 - Standard abbreviations like `SGD` are written in all capital letters.
 - Operator names that have multiple words inside a single word use `camelCase` (capitalize word boundaries inside of a word).
 - Keep numbers inside a word as is, with no boundary delimiters.
 - Follow the name of the operator with the keyword: `Activation Operator.`
 
-# Operator description
+## Operator description
 This section should contain the description of what the operator does, including the operation performed, the literature from where it comes and was introduced first, and other important details. The relevant paper/article including the hyperlink should be cited in this section.
 
-# LaTeX equation
+## LaTeX equation
 This section should contain an overall equation of the update or operation that the operator performs. The variables used in the equation should follow the naming convention of operators as described [here](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/operators/name_convention.md). Two words in the same word should be separated by an underscore (`_`).
 
-# The signature
+## The signature
 This section describes the signature of the operator. A list of Inputs and Outputs, each of which have a small description of what the variable represents and the type of variable. The variable names follow the `CamelCase` naming convention. The proposed format for this is:
 `Section :
 VariableName : (VariableType) VariableDescription

doc/fluid/dev/use_eigen_cn.md

-## 在Paddle中如何使用Eigen
+# 在Paddle中如何使用Eigen
 
 神经网络本质上是一个计算图，计算需要的数据存放在`Tensor`中，而计算过程是由`Operartor`来描述的。在执行时，`Operator`调用对应`OpKernel`中的`Compute`接口，实现对`Tensor`的操作。
 
 
-### Eigen Tensor模块
+## Eigen Tensor模块
 
 Eigen Tensor模块对element-wise计算提供了强大的支持，并且书写一份代码，可以同时在CPU、GPU执行。但Eigen Tensor是一个正在开发中的模块，因此可能测试不够完备，文档较少。
 
 关于Eigen Tensor模块的详细介绍请参考[文档1](https://github.com/RLovelett/eigen/blob/master/unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/README.md) 和[文档2](https://bitbucket.org/eigen/eigen/src/default/unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/README.md)
 
 
-### paddle::framework::Tensor
+## paddle::framework::Tensor
 
 Paddle Tensor定义在framework目录下，其主要接口如下：
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ From是EigenTensor模板提供的一个接口，可以实现从paddle::framework
 
 
 
-### 实现计算
+## 实现计算
 
 当需要完成计算时，我们需要等式左边的EigenTensor调用device接口。在这里需要注意的是，这里的EigenTensor之间的运算只是改变了原有Tensor中的数据，而不会改变原有Tensor的shape信息。
 

doc/fluid/dev/use_eigen_en.md

-## How to use Eigen in Paddle
+# How to use Eigen in Paddle
 
 Essentially, a neural network is a compute graph. T data needed for the computation is stored in `Tensor`s and its computation procedure is described by `Operator`s. An `Operator` calls the `Compute` interface in its corresponding `OpKernel` and operates on the `Tensor`.
 
 
-### Eigen Tensor Module
+## Eigen Tensor Module
 
 The Eigen Tensor module supports powerful element-wise computation. In addition, a piece of code written using it can be run on both the CPU and the GPU.
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Note that Eigen Tensor is still being actively developed, so its tests are not c
 For details on Eigen Tensor module, please see [doc 1](https://github.com/RLovelett/eigen/blob/master/unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/README.md) and [doc 2](https://bitbucket.org/eigen/eigen/src/default/unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/src/Tensor/README.md).
 
 
-### paddle::framework::Tensor
+## paddle::framework::Tensor
 
 Paddle Tensor's is defined in the framework directory with the following interface:
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
 ```
 
 
-### paddle::framework::Tensor到EigenTensor的转换
+## paddle::framework::Tensor到EigenTensor的转换
 
 As shown above, in actual computation, we need to transform the input and output `Tensor`s into formats Eigen supports. We show some functions in [eigen.h](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/blob/develop/paddle/fluid/framework/eigen.h) to implement the transformation from `paddle::framework::Tensor`to `EigenTensor/EigenMatrix/EigenVector/EigenScalar`.
 
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ For more transformations, see the [unit tests](https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/P
 
 
 
-### Implementing Computation
+## Implementing Computation
 
 While computing, the device interface is needed from the EigenTensors on the left hand side of the assignments. Note that the computation between EigenTensors only changes the data originally inthe Tensor and does not change all the shape information associated with the Tensor.
 

doc/fluid/getstarted/concepts/index_cn.rst

+基本使用概念
+============
+
+TBD

doc/fluid/getstarted/concepts/index_en.rst

+Concepts
+============
+
+TBD

doc/fluid/getstarted/index_cn.rst

 新手入门
-------------
+============
 
-新手入门
+
+如果需要快速了解PaddlePaddle的使用，可以参考以下指南。
+
+..  toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  quickstart_cn.rst
+
+
+在使用PaddlePaddle构建应用时，需要了解一些基本概念。
+这里以一个线性回归为例子，详细介绍了PaddlePaddle的使用流程，包括数据格式，模型配置与训练等。
+
+..  toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  concepts/use_concepts_cn.rst

doc/fluid/getstarted/index_en.rst

 GET STARTED
-------------
+============
 
-This is get started page
+If you want to quickly know how to use PaddlePaddle, please refer to the following guide:
+
+..  toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  quickstart_en.rst
+
+While using PaddlePaddle to build applications, please understand some basic concepts.
+
+Here is an example of linear regression. It introduces workflow of PaddlePaddle, including data format, model configuration and training, etc.
+
+..  toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  concepts/index_en.rst

doc/fluid/getstarted/quickstart_cn.rst

+../../v2/getstarted/quickstart_cn.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/getstarted/quickstart_en.rst

+../../v2/getstarted/quickstart_en.rst
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/howto/index_cn.rst

 进阶使用
 ------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+  
+  optimization/index_cn.rst

doc/fluid/howto/index_en.rst

 HOW TO
 ------------
 
-This is how to page
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  optimization/index_en.rst

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/benchmark/README.md

+../../../../../benchmark/cluster/README.md
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/benchmark/index_cn.rst

+基准
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  vgg16/README.md
+  README.md

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/benchmark/index_en.rst

+Benchmark
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  vgg16/README.md
+  README.md

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/benchmark/vgg16/README.md

+../../../../../../benchmark/cluster/vgg16/README.md
\ No newline at end of file

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/cpu_profiling_cn.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ PaddlePaddle 用户一般通过调用 Python API 编写深度学习程序。大
 * Python 与 C++ 混合代码的性能分析
 
 
-## Python代码的性能分析
+# Python代码的性能分析
 
 ### 生成性能分析文件
 

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/cpu_profiling_en.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ the profiling and tuning of
 1. the Python code and
 1. the mixture of Python and C++ code.
 
-## Profiling the Python Code
+# Profiling the Python Code
 
 ### Generate the Performance Profiling File
 

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/index_cn.rst

+性能优化
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  timeline.md
+  cpu_profiling_cn.md
+  benchmark/index_cn.rst

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/index_en.rst

+Performance Optimization
+---------------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  timeline.md
+  cpu_profiling_en.md
+  benchmark/index_en.rst

doc/fluid/howto/optimization/timeline.md

-## how to use timeline tool to do profile
+# how to use timeline tool to do profile
 
 1. Add `with profiler.profiler(...)` to the main training loop. After run, the code will generate a profile record file `/tmp/profile`. **Warning**: Please do not run too many batches when use profiler to record timeline information, for the profile record will grow with the batch number.
 

doc/fluid/index_cn.rst

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
   :maxdepth: 1
 
   getstarted/index_cn.rst
-  design/index_cn.rst
   build_and_install/index_cn.rst
+  design/index_cn.rst
   howto/index_cn.rst
   dev/index_cn.rst
   faq/index_cn.rst

doc/fluid/index_en.rst

@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@
   :maxdepth: 1
 
   getstarted/index_en.rst
-  design/index_en.rst
   build_and_install/index_en.rst
+  design/index_en.rst
   howto/index_en.rst
   dev/index_en.rst
   faq/index_en.rst

doc/v2/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -20,13 +20,15 @@ configure_file(
     "${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN}/conf.py"
     @ONLY)
 
-sphinx_add_target(paddle_docs
+sphinx_add_target(paddle_v2_docs
                   html
                   ${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN}
                   ${SPHINX_CACHE_DIR_EN}
                   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                   ${SPHINX_HTML_DIR_EN})
 
+add_dependencies(paddle_v2_docs gen_proto_py)
+
 # configured documentation tools and intermediate build results
 set(BINARY_BUILD_DIR_CN "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/cn/_build")
 
@@ -41,11 +43,13 @@ configure_file(
     "${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_CN}/conf.py"
     @ONLY)
 
-sphinx_add_target(paddle_docs_cn
+sphinx_add_target(paddle_v2_docs_cn
                   html
                   ${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_CN}
                   ${SPHINX_CACHE_DIR_CN}
                   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                   ${SPHINX_HTML_DIR_CN})
 
+add_dependencies(paddle_v2_docs_cn gen_proto_py)
+
 add_subdirectory(api)

doc/v2/api/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -12,9 +12,11 @@ configure_file(
     "${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN}/conf.py"
     @ONLY)
 
-sphinx_add_target(paddle_api_docs
+sphinx_add_target(paddle_v2_apis
                   html
                   ${BINARY_BUILD_DIR_EN}
                   ${SPHINX_CACHE_DIR_EN}
                   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
                   ${SPHINX_HTML_DIR_EN})
+
+add_dependencies(paddle_v2_apis  gen_proto_py framework_py_proto copy_paddle_pybind)

doc/v2/design/interface/index_cn.rst

+多语言接口
+------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  00.why_plain_c.md

doc/v2/design/interface/index_en.rst

+Multilingual Interface
+-----------------------
+
+.. toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
+  00.why_plain_c.md

doc/v2/faq/build_and_install/index_cn.rst

@@ -139,3 +139,77 @@ PaddlePaddle使用avx SIMD指令提高cpu执行效率，因此错误的使用二
     touch ../extern_mklml-stamp/extern_mklml-download
 
     // 4. 接着编译即可
+
+9. 在Mac上无法安装numpy等Python包，权限错误
+------------------
+
+Mac上对自带的Python和包有严格的权限保护，最好不要在自带的Python上安装。建议用virtualenv建立一个新的Python环境来操作。
+
+virtualenv的基本原理是将机器上的Python运行所需的运行环境完整地拷贝一份。我们可以在一台机器上制造多份拷贝，并在这多个拷贝之间自由切换，这样就相当于在一台机器上拥有了多个相互隔离、互不干扰的Python环境。
+
+下面简单介绍下如何用virtualenv为Paddle生成一个专用的Python环境：
+
+安装virtualenv：
+::::::::::::::::
+
+virtualenv本身也是Python的一个包，可以用pip进行安装：
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    sudo -H pip install virtualenv
+
+由于virtualenv需要安装给系统自带的Python，因此需要使用sudo权限。
+
+创建一个新的Python运行环境：
+:::::::::::::::::::
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    virtualenv --no-site-packages paddle
+
+--no-site-packages 参数表示不拷贝已有的任何第三方包，创造一个完全干净的新Python环境。后面的paddle是我们为这个新创建的环境取的名字。
+
+执行完这一步后，当前目录下应该会出现一个名为paddle（或者你取的其他名字）的目录。这个目录里保存了运行一个Python环境所需要的各种文件。
+
+启动运行环境：
+::::::::::::::::
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    source paddle/bin/activate
+
+执行后会发现命令提示符前面增加了(paddle)字样，说明已经成功启动了名为‘paddle’的Python环境。执行which python，可以发现使用的已经是刚刚创建的paddle目录下的Python。
+
+在这个环境中，我们可以自由地进行Paddle的安装、使用和开发工作，无需担心对系统自带Python的影响。
+
+退出运行环境：
+:::::::::::::::
+
+直接执行：
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    deactivate
+
+可以看到命令提示符前面的(paddle)字样消失。
+
+自动启动某一Python环境：
+::::::::::::::::
+
+如果我们经常使用Paddle，我们每次打开终端后都需要执行一下source paddle/bin/activate来启动环境，比较繁琐。为了简便，可以修改终端的配置文件，来让终端每次启动后自动启动特定的Python环境。
+
+执行:
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    vi ~/.bash_profile
+
+打开终端配置文件，并在文件的最后添加一行：
+
+..  code-block:: bash
+
+    source paddle/bin/activate
+
+保存并关闭文件。
+
+这样，每次打开终端时就会自动启动名为‘paddle’的Python环境了。

doc/v2/faq/model/index_en.rst

@@ -2,4 +2,80 @@
 Model Configuration
 ###################
 
-TBD
+..  contents::
+
+1. How to deal with error :code:`Duplicated layer name`
+----------------------------------------------------------
+
+The general reason for this error is that users may have set the same value for the attribute :code:`name` in different layers. Try to find out the :code:`name` attribute with the same value in diffrent layers and set them differently.
+
+2. How to use :code:`paddle.layer.memory`'s attribute :code:`name`
+----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.memory` is used to get the output of a layer's last timestep and the layer is specified by the attribute :code:`name` . Thus,  :code:`paddle.layer.memory` will associate with the layer that has the same value of attribute :code:`name` , and uses the output of the layer's last timestep as the input of its current timestep.
+
+* All the PaddlePaddle's layers have a unique name, which is set by the attribute :code:`name` . PaddlePaddle will automatically set it for the user when it is not explicitly set. :code:`paddle.layer.memory` is not a real layer, its name is set by the attribute :code:`memory_name`  and PaddlePaddle will also automatically set it when the user does not explicitly set. The :code:`paddle.layer.memory` attribute :code:`name` is used to specify the layer it is associated with, and needs to be explicitly set by the user.
+
+
+3. What is the difference between the two ways of using dropout
+-----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+* There are two ways to use dropout in PaddlePaddle
+
+  * Set the :code:`drop_rate` parameter in the layer's :code:`layer_atter` attribute. Take :code:`paddle.layer.fc` as an example:
+
+  ..  code-block:: python
+
+      fc = paddle.layer.fc(input=input, layer_attr=paddle.attr.ExtraLayerAttribute(drop_rate=0.5))
+
+  * Use :code:`paddle.layer.dropout` layer. Take :code:`paddle.layer.fc` as an example:
+
+  ..  code-block:: python
+
+      fc = paddle.layer.fc(input=input)
+      drop_fc = paddle.layer.dropout(input=fc, dropout_rate=0.5)
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.dropout` actually uses the :code:`paddle.layer.add_to` layer and sets :code:`drop_rate` as the previous method. This method is very memory intensive.
+
+* PaddlePaddle implements dropout in the activation function rather than in the layer.
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.lstmemory`, :code:`paddle.layer.grumemory`, :code:`paddle.layer.recurrent` implement activation of output in an unusual way, so we cannot use dropout by setting :code:`drop_rate` . To use dropout for these layers, we could use the second method, which is to use :code:`paddle.layer.dropout`.
+
+4. The differences between different recurrent layers
+--------------------------------------------------------
+Take LSTM as an example. There are several kinds of recurrent layers in PaddlePaddle:
+
+* :code:`paddle.layer.lstmemory`
+* :code:`paddle.networks.simple_lstm`
+* :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_group`
+* :code:`paddle.networks.bidirectional_lstm`
+
+According to implementations, recurrent layer can be classified into 2 types:
+
+1. Recurrent layer implemented by recurrent_group:
+
+  * Using this type of recurrent layers, users can access the intermediate value calculated by the recurrent unit within a timestep (eg: hidden states, memory cells, etc.)
+  * :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_group` belongs to this type of recurrent layers.
+
+2. Recurrent layer implemented as a complete operation：
+
+  * Users can only access output values when using this type of recurrent layers.
+  * :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_group` , :code:`paddle.networks.simple_lstm` and  :code:`paddle.networks.bidirectional_lstm` belong to this type of recurrent layer；
+
+By implementing recurrent layer as a complete operation, CPU and GPU calculations can be optimized. Therefore, the second type of recurrent layer is more efficient than the first one. In practical applications, we propose to use the second type of recurrent layers if there is no need to access the intermediate variable of LSTM.
+
+In addition, PaddlePaddle also contains a kind of LSTM calculation unit: :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_unit`:
+
+  * Unlike the recurrent layer described above, :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_unit` defines the computational process of an LSTM unit in a timestep. It is not a complete recurrent layer, nor can it receive sequence data as input.
+  * :code:`paddle.networks.lstmemory_unit` can only be used as a step function in recurrent_group.
+
+5. Can Softmax's calculation dimension be specified？
+--------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+We can't specify calculation dimension for PaddlePaddle's softmax. It can only be calculated by rows.
+In image tasks, for NCHW, if you need to calculate softmax in C dimension, you could use :code:`paddle.layer.switch_order` to change the dimension order, that is, convert NCHW to NHWC, then do the reshape operation and calculate softmax.
+
+6. Does PaddlePaddle support variable-dimensional data inputs
+----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+PaddlePaddle provides :code:`paddle.data_type.dense_array` to support variable-dimensional data input. Simply set the dimension of the data layer to a value larger than the dimension of the input data for occupancy.

doc/v2/howto/cmd_parameter/index_en.rst

@@ -2,10 +2,25 @@
 
 Set Command-line Parameters
 ===========================
+The implementation of deep learning algorithms has a variety of characteristics, such as running environment, running stage, structure of the model and the traning strategy. PaddlePaddle supports the user to set various command-line parameters flexibly, which helps to achieve control of the model training or prediction process.
+
+In this part, we take several actual scenarios as an example, and the use of some command-line parameters is displayed:
 
 ..  toctree::
   :maxdepth: 1
 
   use_case_en.md
+
+Then, we summarize and classify the use of all command-line parameters:
+
+..  toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
   arguments_en.md
+
+Finally, the detailed descriptions are given, and we try to explain the propeties and significance of these command-line parameters in detail:
+
+..  toctree::
+  :maxdepth: 1
+
   detail_introduction_en.md

paddle/fluid/framework/CMakeLists.txt

+add_subdirectory(details)
 # ddim lib
 proto_library(framework_proto SRCS framework.proto)
 
@@ -87,6 +88,9 @@ cc_library(feed_fetch_method SRCS feed_fetch_method.cc DEPS lod_tensor scope glo
 cc_library(executor SRCS executor.cc DEPS op_registry device_context scope
 framework_proto backward glog lod_rank_table feed_fetch_method)
 
+
+cc_library(parallel_executor SRCS parallel_executor.cc DEPS multi_devices_graph_builder threaded_ssa_graph_executor)
+
 cc_library(prune SRCS prune.cc DEPS framework_proto)
 cc_test(prune_test SRCS prune_test.cc DEPS op_info prune recurrent_op device_context)
 cc_test(var_type_inference_test SRCS var_type_inference_test.cc DEPS op_registry

paddle/fluid/framework/details/CMakeLists.txt

+cc_library(var_handle SRCS var_handle.cc DEPS place)
+cc_library(op_handle_base SRCS op_handle_base.cc DEPS var_handle device_context)
+cc_library(scale_loss_grad_op_handle SRCS scale_loss_grad_op_handle.cc DEPS op_handle_base scope lod_tensor ddim memory)
+cc_library(fetch_op_handle SRCS fetch_op_handle.cc DEPS op_handle_base scope lod_tensor ddim memory)
+nv_library(nccl_all_reduce_op_handle SRCS nccl_all_reduce_op_handle.cc DEPS op_handle_base scope lod_tensor ddim memory
+        dynload_cuda)
+cc_library(computation_op_handle SRCS computation_op_handle.cc DEPS framework_proto scope place operator op_registry)
+
+cc_library(ssa_graph SRCS ssa_graph.cc DEPS var_handle op_handle_base)
+cc_library(ssa_graph_builder SRCS ssa_graph_builder.cc DEPS ssa_graph)
+
+if(WITH_GPU)
+    set(multi_devices_graph_builder_deps nccl_all_reduce_op_handle)
+else()
+    set(multi_devices_graph_builder_deps)
+endif()
+cc_library(multi_devices_graph_builder SRCS multi_devices_graph_builder.cc DEPS ssa_graph_builder computation_op_handle
+            scale_loss_grad_op_handle ${multi_devices_graph_builder_deps})
+cc_library(ssa_graph_executor SRCS ssa_graph_executor.cc DEPS ssa_graph)
+cc_library(threaded_ssa_graph_executor SRCS threaded_ssa_graph_executor.cc DEPS fetch_op_handle ssa_graph_executor scope
+        simple_threadpool device_context)

paddle/fluid/framework/details/computation_op_handle.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/computation_op_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+ComputationOpHandle::ComputationOpHandle(const OpDesc &op_desc, Scope *scope,
+                                         platform::Place place)
+    : op_(framework::OpRegistry::CreateOp(op_desc)),
+      scope_(scope),
+      place_(place) {}
+
+void ComputationOpHandle::RunImpl() {
+  auto *cur_ctx = dev_ctxes_[place_];
+  for (auto *in : inputs_) {
+    bool need_wait =
+        in->generated_op_ && in->generated_op_->dev_ctxes_[place_] != cur_ctx;
+    if (need_wait) {
+      in->generated_op_->Wait(cur_ctx);
+    }
+  }
+
+  op_->Run(*scope_->FindVar("@TMP_SCOPE@")->Get<Scope *>(), place_);
+}
+
+std::string ComputationOpHandle::Name() const { return op_->Type(); }
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/computation_op_handle.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/operator.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device_context.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+struct ComputationOpHandle : public OpHandleBase {
+  std::unique_ptr<OperatorBase> op_;
+  Scope *scope_;
+  platform::Place place_;
+
+  ComputationOpHandle(const OpDesc &op_desc, Scope *scope,
+                      platform::Place place);
+
+  std::string Name() const override;
+
+ protected:
+  void RunImpl() override;
+};
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/fetch_op_handle.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/fetch_op_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+FetchOpHandle::FetchOpHandle(FeedFetchList *data, size_t offset,
+                             std::vector<Scope *> *local_scopes)
+    : data_(data), offset_(offset), local_scopes_(local_scopes) {}
+
+FetchOpHandle::~FetchOpHandle() {
+  for (auto *input_var : inputs_) {
+    input_var->pending_ops_.erase(this);
+  }
+}
+
+void FetchOpHandle::Wait(platform::DeviceContext *waited_dev) {
+  PADDLE_THROW("Nobody should wait FetchOp. Unexpceted Error");
+}
+
+void FetchOpHandle::WaitAndMergeCPUTensors() const {
+  std::vector<const LoDTensor *> tensors_ptr;
+  tensors_ptr.reserve(tensors_.size());
+  for (auto &t : tensors_) {
+    tensors_ptr.emplace_back(&t);
+  }
+  data_->at(offset_).MergeLoDTensor(tensors_ptr, platform::CPUPlace());
+}
+
+void FetchOpHandle::RunImpl() {
+  auto cpu_ctx =
+      platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(platform::CPUPlace());
+  for (auto *input : inputs_) {
+    auto *var = static_cast<VarHandle *>(input);
+    var->generated_op_->Wait(cpu_ctx);
+  }
+
+  tensors_.resize(inputs_.size());
+  auto *var = static_cast<VarHandle *>(inputs_[0]);
+  auto &var_name = var->name_;
+  platform::CPUPlace cpu;
+  auto &scopes = *local_scopes_;
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < scopes.size(); ++i) {
+    auto &scope = scopes[i];
+    auto &t = scope->FindVar(var_name)->Get<framework::LoDTensor>();
+    if (platform::is_gpu_place(var->place_)) {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+      TensorCopy(t, cpu, *dev_ctxes_[t.place()], &tensors_[i]);
+      dev_ctxes_[t.place()]->Wait();
+#endif
+    } else {
+      tensors_[i].ShareDataWith(t);
+      tensors_[i].set_lod(t.lod());
+    }
+  }
+
+  this->WaitAndMergeCPUTensors();
+}
+
+std::string FetchOpHandle::Name() const { return "Fetch"; }
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/fetch_op_handle.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/feed_fetch_type.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device_context.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+struct FetchOpHandle : public OpHandleBase {
+  FeedFetchList *data_;
+  size_t offset_;
+  std::vector<Scope *> *local_scopes_;
+  std::vector<LoDTensor> tensors_;
+
+  FetchOpHandle(FeedFetchList *data, size_t offset,
+                std::vector<Scope *> *local_scopes);
+
+  ~FetchOpHandle();
+
+  void Wait(platform::DeviceContext *waited_dev) override;
+
+  void WaitAndMergeCPUTensors() const;
+
+  std::string Name() const override;
+
+ protected:
+  void RunImpl() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/computation_op_handle.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/scale_loss_grad_op_handle.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/nccl_all_reduce_op_handle.h"
+#endif
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder(
+    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+    const std::string &loss_var_name,
+    const std::unordered_set<std::string> &params,
+    const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
+    platform::NCCLContextMap *nccl_ctxs)
+    : loss_var_name_(loss_var_name),
+      places_(places),
+      local_scopes_(local_scopes),
+      nccl_ctxs_(nccl_ctxs) {
+#else
+MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder(
+    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+    const std::string &loss_var_name,
+    const std::unordered_set<std::string> &params,
+    const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes)
+    : loss_var_name_(loss_var_name),
+      places_(places),
+      local_scopes_(local_scopes) {
+#endif
+  for (auto &p : params) {
+    grad_names_.insert(GradVarName(p));
+  }
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder::Build(
+    const ProgramDesc &program) const {
+  auto graph = new SSAGraph();
+  SSAGraph &result = *graph;
+  result.vars_.resize(places_.size());
+
+  bool is_forwarding = true;
+  for (auto *op : program.Block(0).AllOps()) {
+    bool change_forward = false;
+    if (!is_forwarding) {
+      // FIXME(yy): Do not hard code like this
+      if (op->OutputArgumentNames().size() == 1 &&
+          op->OutputArgumentNames()[0] == GradVarName(loss_var_name_)) {
+        continue;  // Drop fill 1. for backward coeff;
+      }
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < places_.size(); ++i) {
+      auto &p = places_[i];
+      auto *s = local_scopes_[i];
+
+      result.ops_.emplace_back(new ComputationOpHandle(*op, s, p));
+      auto *op_handle = result.ops_.back().get();
+      op_handle->dev_ctxes_[p] = const_cast<platform::DeviceContext *>(
+          platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(p));
+
+      auto var_names = op->InputArgumentNames();
+
+      for (auto &each_var_name : var_names) {
+        VarHandle *var =
+            CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(&result, each_var_name, p, i);
+        op_handle->AddInput(var);
+      }
+      var_names = op->OutputArgumentNames();
+
+      for (auto &each_var_name : var_names) {
+        CreateOpOutput(&result, op_handle, each_var_name, p, i);
+      }
+
+      if (is_forwarding) {
+        if (var_names.size() == 1 && var_names[0] == loss_var_name_) {
+// Insert ScaleCost OpHandle
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+          auto *communication_dev_ctx = nccl_ctxs_->DevCtx(p);
+#else
+          auto *communication_dev_ctx =
+              platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(platform::CPUPlace());
+#endif
+
+          op_handle = new ScaleLossGradOpHandle(local_scopes_.size(), s, p,
+                                                communication_dev_ctx);
+          result.ops_.emplace_back(op_handle);
+
+          // FIXME: Currently ScaleLossGradOp only use device_count as scale
+          // factor. So it does not depend on any other operators.
+          // VarHandle *loss = GetVarHandle(loss_var_name, place);
+          // loss->pending_ops_.emplace_back(op_handle);
+          // op_handle->inputs_.emplace_back(loss);
+
+          CreateOpOutput(&result, op_handle, GradVarName(loss_var_name_), p, i);
+          change_forward = true;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (change_forward) {
+      is_forwarding = false;
+    }
+
+    if (!is_forwarding) {
+      auto var_names = op->OutputArgumentNames();
+      for (auto &og : var_names) {
+        if (grad_names_.count(og) != 0) {  // is param grad
+                                           // Insert NCCL AllReduce Op
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+          result.ops_.emplace_back(
+              new NCCLAllReduceOpHandle(local_scopes_, places_, *nccl_ctxs_));
+          auto *op_handle = result.ops_.back().get();
+
+          for (size_t i = 0; i < places_.size(); ++i) {
+            auto &p = places_[i];
+            auto &vars = result.vars_[i][og];
+
+            if (vars.empty()) {  // This device has no data. continue.
+              continue;
+            }
+            auto *prev_grad = &vars[vars.size() - 1];
+            op_handle->AddInput(prev_grad);
+
+            auto &var = vars[vars.size()];
+            var.place_ = p;
+            var.name_ = og;
+            var.version_ = vars.size() - 1;
+
+            op_handle->AddOutput(&var);
+          }
+#else
+          PADDLE_ENFORCE("Not implemented");
+#endif
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*
+    Dependency graph has been constructed. However, there are still data
+    harzaeds need to be handled.
+   */
+  PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(&result);
+
+  if (VLOG_IS_ON(10)) {
+    std::ostringstream sout;
+    PrintGraphviz(*graph, sout);
+    VLOG(10) << sout.str();
+  }
+
+  return std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph>(graph);
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace platform {
+class NCCLContextMap;
+}
+
+namespace framework {
+class Scope;
+namespace details {
+class MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder : public SSAGraphBuilder {
+ public:
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder(const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+                          const std::string &loss_var_name,
+                          const std::unordered_set<std::string> &params,
+                          const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
+                          platform::NCCLContextMap *nccl_ctxs);
+#else
+  MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder(const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+                          const std::string &loss_var_name,
+                          const std::unordered_set<std::string> &params,
+                          const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes);
+#endif
+
+  std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> Build(const ProgramDesc &program) const override;
+
+ private:
+  std::string loss_var_name_;
+  const std::vector<platform::Place> &places_;
+  const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes_;
+  std::unordered_set<std::string> grad_names_;
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  platform::NCCLContextMap *nccl_ctxs_;
+#endif
+};
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/nccl_all_reduce_op_handle.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/nccl_all_reduce_op_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+NCCLAllReduceOpHandle::NCCLAllReduceOpHandle(
+    const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
+    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+    const platform::NCCLContextMap &ctxs)
+    : local_scopes_(local_scopes), places_(places), nccl_ctxs_(ctxs) {
+  for (auto &p : places_) {
+    this->dev_ctxes_[p] = nccl_ctxs_.DevCtx(p);
+  }
+}
+
+void NCCLAllReduceOpHandle::RunImpl() {
+  if (inputs_.size() == 1) {
+    return;  // No need to all reduce when GPU count = 1;
+  } else {
+    // Wait input done
+    for (auto *in : inputs_) {
+      auto &p = static_cast<VarHandle *>(in)->place_;
+      in->generated_op_->Wait(dev_ctxes_[p]);
+    }
+
+    auto &var_name = static_cast<VarHandle *>(this->inputs_[0])->name_;
+    int dtype = -1;
+    size_t numel = 0;
+
+    std::vector<std::function<void()>> all_reduce_calls;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < local_scopes_.size(); ++i) {
+      auto &p = places_[i];
+      auto *s = local_scopes_[i];
+      int dev_id = boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(p).device;
+
+      auto &lod_tensor = s->FindVar(var_name)->Get<LoDTensor>();
+      void *buffer = const_cast<void *>(lod_tensor.data<void>());
+
+      if (dtype == -1) {
+        dtype = platform::ToNCCLDataType(lod_tensor.type());
+      }
+
+      if (numel == 0) {
+        numel = static_cast<size_t>(lod_tensor.numel());
+      }
+
+      auto &nccl_ctx = nccl_ctxs_.at(dev_id);
+      auto stream = nccl_ctx.stream();
+      auto comm = nccl_ctx.comm_;
+      all_reduce_calls.emplace_back([=] {
+        PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::dynload::ncclAllReduce(
+            buffer, buffer, numel, static_cast<ncclDataType_t>(dtype), ncclSum,
+            comm, stream));
+      });
+    }
+
+    platform::NCCLGroupGuard guard;
+    for (auto &call : all_reduce_calls) {
+      call();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+std::string NCCLAllReduceOpHandle::Name() const { return "NCCL AllReduce"; }
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/nccl_all_reduce_op_handle.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/nccl_helper.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+struct NCCLAllReduceOpHandle : public OpHandleBase {
+  const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes_;
+  const std::vector<platform::Place> &places_;
+  const platform::NCCLContextMap &nccl_ctxs_;
+
+  NCCLAllReduceOpHandle(const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
+                        const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+                        const platform::NCCLContextMap &ctxs);
+
+  std::string Name() const override;
+
+ protected:
+  void RunImpl() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+std::string OpHandleBase::DebugString() const {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << "(";
+  for (auto *var : inputs_) {
+    ss << var->DebugString() << ", ";
+  }
+  ss << ") --> (";
+  for (auto *var : outputs_) {
+    ss << var->DebugString() << ", ";
+  }
+  ss << ")\n";
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+OpHandleBase::~OpHandleBase() {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  for (auto &ev : events_) {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(cudaEventDestroy(ev.second));
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void OpHandleBase::Run(bool use_event) {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  if (events_.empty() && use_event) {
+    for (auto &p : dev_ctxes_) {
+      int dev_id = boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(p.first).device;
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE(cudaSetDevice(dev_id));
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE(
+          cudaEventCreateWithFlags(&events_[dev_id], cudaEventDisableTiming));
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE(!use_event);
+#endif
+
+  RunImpl();
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  if (use_event) {
+    for (auto &p : dev_ctxes_) {
+      int dev_id = boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(p.first).device;
+      auto stream =
+          static_cast<platform::CUDADeviceContext *>(p.second)->stream();
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE(cudaEventRecord(events_.at(dev_id), stream));
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void OpHandleBase::Wait(platform::DeviceContext *waited_dev) {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  if (platform::is_cpu_place(waited_dev->GetPlace()) || events_.empty()) {
+    for (auto &dev_ctx : dev_ctxes_) {
+      dev_ctx.second->Wait();
+    }
+  } else {
+    auto stream =
+        static_cast<platform::CUDADeviceContext *>(waited_dev)->stream();
+    for (auto &ev : events_) {
+      PADDLE_ENFORCE(cudaStreamWaitEvent(stream, ev.second, 0));
+    }
+  }
+#else
+  for (auto &dev_ctx : dev_ctxes_) {
+    dev_ctx.second->Wait();
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+void OpHandleBase::AddInput(VarHandleBase *in) {
+  this->inputs_.emplace_back(in);
+  in->pending_ops_.insert(this);
+}
+
+void OpHandleBase::AddOutput(VarHandleBase *out) {
+  outputs_.emplace_back(out);
+  out->generated_op_ = this;
+}
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device_context.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/macros.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+class OpHandleBase {
+ private:
+  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(OpHandleBase);
+
+ public:
+  std::vector<VarHandleBase *> inputs_;
+  std::vector<VarHandleBase *> outputs_;
+  std::unordered_map<platform::Place, platform::DeviceContext *,
+                     platform::PlaceHash>
+      dev_ctxes_;
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  std::unordered_map<int, cudaEvent_t> events_;
+#endif
+
+  OpHandleBase() {}
+
+  std::string DebugString() const;
+
+  virtual std::string Name() const = 0;
+
+  virtual ~OpHandleBase();
+
+  void Run(bool use_event);
+
+  virtual void Wait(platform::DeviceContext *waited_dev);
+
+  void AddInput(VarHandleBase *in);
+
+  void AddOutput(VarHandleBase *out);
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void RunImpl() = 0;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/scale_loss_grad_op_handle.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/scale_loss_grad_op_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+ScaleLossGradOpHandle::ScaleLossGradOpHandle(size_t num_dev, Scope *scope,
+                                             platform::Place place,
+                                             platform::DeviceContext *dev_ctx)
+    : coeff_(static_cast<float>(1.0 / num_dev)), scope_(scope), place_(place) {
+  dev_ctxes_[place_] = dev_ctx;
+}
+
+ScaleLossGradOpHandle::~ScaleLossGradOpHandle() {}
+
+void ScaleLossGradOpHandle::RunImpl() {
+  std::string var_name = static_cast<VarHandle *>(this->outputs_[0])->name_;
+
+  float *tmp =
+      scope_->FindVar(var_name)->GetMutable<LoDTensor>()->mutable_data<float>(
+          make_ddim({1}), place_);
+
+  if (platform::is_cpu_place(place_)) {
+    *tmp = coeff_;
+  } else {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+    auto stream =
+        static_cast<platform::CUDADeviceContext *>(this->dev_ctxes_[place_])
+            ->stream();
+    memory::Copy(boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(place_), tmp,
+                 platform::CPUPlace(), &coeff_, sizeof(float), stream);
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+std::string ScaleLossGradOpHandle::Name() const { return "Scale LossGrad"; }
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/scale_loss_grad_op_handle.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+struct ScaleLossGradOpHandle : public OpHandleBase {
+  float coeff_;
+  Scope *scope_;
+  platform::Place place_;
+
+  ScaleLossGradOpHandle(size_t num_dev, Scope *scope, platform::Place place,
+                        platform::DeviceContext *context);
+
+  ~ScaleLossGradOpHandle() final;
+
+  std::string Name() const override;
+
+ protected:
+  void RunImpl() override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph.h"

paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/op_handle_base.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+struct SSAGraph {
+  std::vector<std::unordered_map<std::string, std::map<int, VarHandle>>> vars_;
+  // aux variables to represent dependency. Useful to resolve data hazard.
+  std::unordered_set<std::unique_ptr<VarHandleBase>> dep_vars_;
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<OpHandleBase>> ops_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+void SSAGraphBuilder::PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(SSAGraph *graph) {
+  for (auto &var_map : graph->vars_) {
+    for (auto &name_pair : var_map) {
+      if (name_pair.second.size() <= 1) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      auto it_new = name_pair.second.rbegin();
+      auto it_old = name_pair.second.rbegin();
+      ++it_old;
+      for (; it_old != name_pair.second.rend(); it_new = it_old, ++it_old) {
+        auto *write_op = it_new->second.generated_op_;
+        auto &read_ops = it_old->second.pending_ops_;
+
+        for (auto *read_op : read_ops) {
+          // Manually add a dependency var from read_op to write_op;
+          if (read_op == write_op) {
+            // Read Write is the same op.
+            continue;
+          }
+
+          auto *dep_var = new DummyVarHandle();
+          read_op->AddOutput(dep_var);
+          write_op->AddInput(dep_var);
+          graph->dep_vars_.emplace(dep_var);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+VarHandle *SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(
+    SSAGraph *graph, const std::string &each_var_name,
+    const platform::Place &place, size_t place_offset) {
+  auto &var_holders = graph->vars_[place_offset];
+  auto &var_holder = var_holders[each_var_name];
+  VarHandle *var = nullptr;
+  if (var_holder.empty()) {
+    auto &init_var = var_holder[0];
+    init_var.place_ = place;
+    init_var.name_ = each_var_name;
+    init_var.generated_op_ = nullptr;
+    init_var.version_ = 0;
+    var = &init_var;
+  } else {
+    var = &var_holder.rbegin()->second;
+  }
+  return var;
+}
+
+void SSAGraphBuilder::CreateOpOutput(SSAGraph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
+                                     const std::string &each_var_name,
+                                     const platform::Place &place,
+                                     size_t place_offset) {
+  auto &vars = graph->vars_[place_offset][each_var_name];
+  size_t version = vars.size();
+  auto &var = vars[version];
+  var.version_ = version;
+  var.name_ = each_var_name;
+  var.place_ = place;
+  op_handle->AddOutput(&var);
+}
+
+template <typename Callback>
+void IterAllVar(const SSAGraph &graph, Callback callback) {
+  for (auto &each : graph.vars_) {
+    for (auto &pair1 : each) {
+      for (auto &pair2 : pair1.second) {
+        callback(pair2.second);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (auto &var : graph.dep_vars_) {
+    callback(*var);
+  }
+}
+
+void SSAGraphBuilder::PrintGraphviz(const SSAGraph &graph, std::ostream &sout) {
+  size_t var_id = 0;
+  std::unordered_map<const VarHandleBase *, size_t> vars;
+
+  sout << "digraph G {\n";
+
+  IterAllVar(graph, [&](const VarHandleBase &var) {
+    auto *var_ptr = &var;
+    auto *var_handle_ptr = dynamic_cast<const VarHandle *>(var_ptr);
+    auto *dummy_ptr = dynamic_cast<const DummyVarHandle *>(var_ptr);
+
+    size_t cur_var_id = var_id++;
+    vars[var_ptr] = cur_var_id;
+
+    if (var_handle_ptr) {
+      sout << "var_" << cur_var_id << " [label=\"" << var_handle_ptr->name_
+           << "\\n"
+           << var_handle_ptr->place_ << "\\n"
+           << var_handle_ptr->version_ << "\"]" << std::endl;
+    } else if (dummy_ptr) {
+      sout << "var_" << cur_var_id << " [label=\"dummy\"]" << std::endl;
+    }
+  });
+
+  size_t op_id = 0;
+  for (auto &op : graph.ops_) {
+    std::string op_name = "op_" + std::to_string(op_id++);
+    sout << op_name << " [label=\"" << op->Name() << "\", shape=rect]"
+         << std::endl;
+    for (auto in : op->inputs_) {
+      std::string var_name = "var_" + std::to_string(vars[in]);
+      sout << var_name << " -> " << op_name << std::endl;
+    }
+
+    for (auto out : op->outputs_) {
+      std::string var_name = "var_" + std::to_string(vars[out]);
+      sout << op_name << " -> " << var_name << std::endl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  sout << "}\n";
+}
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_builder.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/place.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+class SSAGraphBuilder {
+ public:
+  SSAGraphBuilder() {}
+  virtual ~SSAGraphBuilder() {}
+  virtual std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> Build(const ProgramDesc &program) const = 0;
+
+  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SSAGraphBuilder);
+
+ protected:
+  /**
+   * We only handle write after read(WAR), since it should not have a write
+   * after write in program. If there are write after write operators, we need
+   * prune them.
+   *
+   * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(computer_architecture)#Write_after_read_(WAR)
+   */
+  static void PolishGraphToSupportDataHazards(SSAGraph *graph);
+
+  static VarHandle *CreateOrGetLatestVarHandle(SSAGraph *graph,
+                                               const std::string &each_var_name,
+                                               const platform::Place &place,
+                                               size_t place_offset);
+
+  static void CreateOpOutput(SSAGraph *graph, OpHandleBase *op_handle,
+                             const std::string &each_var_name,
+                             const platform::Place &place, size_t place_offset);
+
+  static void PrintGraphviz(const SSAGraph &graph, std::ostream &sout);
+};
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_executor.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_executor.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+SSAGraphExecutor::SSAGraphExecutor(std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> &&graph)
+    : graph_(std::move(graph)) {}
+
+SSAGraphExecutor::~SSAGraphExecutor() {}
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_executor.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/feed_fetch_type.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+class SSAGraphExecutor {
+  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(SSAGraphExecutor);
+
+ public:
+  // Steal graph inside
+  explicit SSAGraphExecutor(std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> &&graph);
+
+  virtual ~SSAGraphExecutor();
+
+  virtual FeedFetchList Run(const std::vector<std::string> &fetch_tensors) = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> graph_;
+};
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h"
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/fetch_op_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor::ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor(
+    size_t num_threads, bool use_event,
+    const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
+    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+    std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> &&graph)
+    : SSAGraphExecutor(std::move(graph)),
+      pool_(num_threads >= 2 ? new ::ThreadPool(num_threads) : nullptr),
+      local_scopes_(local_scopes),
+      places_(places),
+      fetch_ctxs_(places),
+      use_event_(use_event) {}
+
+FeedFetchList ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor::Run(
+    const std::vector<std::string> &fetch_tensors) {
+  std::unordered_map<OpHandleBase *, size_t> pending_ops;
+  std::unordered_set<VarHandleBase *> pending_vars;
+
+  BlockingQueue<VarHandleBase *> ready_vars;
+
+  std::unordered_set<OpHandleBase *> ready_ops;
+
+  auto InsertPendingVar = [&pending_vars, &ready_vars](VarHandleBase &var) {
+    pending_vars.insert(&var);
+    if (var.generated_op_ == nullptr) {
+      ready_vars.Push(&var);
+    }
+  };
+
+  auto InsertPendingOp = [&pending_ops](OpHandleBase &op_instance) {
+    pending_ops.insert({&op_instance, op_instance.inputs_.size()});
+  };
+
+  // Transform SSAGraph to pending_ops & pending_vars
+  for (auto &var_map : graph_->vars_) {
+    for (auto &name_pair : var_map) {
+      for (auto &version_pair : name_pair.second) {
+        InsertPendingVar(version_pair.second);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  for (auto &var : graph_->dep_vars_) {
+    InsertPendingVar(*var);
+  }
+
+  for (auto &op : graph_->ops_) {
+    if (op->inputs_.empty()) {  // Special case, Op has no input.
+      ready_ops.insert(op.get());
+    } else {
+      InsertPendingOp(*op);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Step 2. Insert FetchOps
+  std::vector<std::unique_ptr<FetchOpHandle>> fetch_ops;
+  std::vector<DummyVarHandle> dummy_vars;
+  FeedFetchList fetch_data(fetch_tensors.size());
+
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<VarHandleBase *>> fetched_vars;
+
+  for (auto &fetch_var_name : fetch_tensors) {
+    for (auto &var_map : graph_->vars_) {
+      auto it = var_map.find(fetch_var_name);
+      if (it != var_map.end()) {
+        fetched_vars[fetch_var_name].push_back(&it->second.rbegin()->second);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < fetch_tensors.size(); ++i) {
+    auto &var_name = fetch_tensors[i];
+    auto &vars = fetched_vars.at(var_name);
+    auto *op = new FetchOpHandle(&fetch_data, i, &local_scopes_);
+    fetch_ops.emplace_back(op);
+
+    // FIXME: Use new device context
+    for (auto &p : places_) {
+      op->dev_ctxes_[p] = fetch_ctxs_.Get(p);
+    }
+
+    for (auto *var : vars) {
+      op->AddInput(var);
+    }
+    InsertPendingOp(*op);
+  }
+
+  auto run_all_ready_ops = [&] {
+    for (auto *op : ready_ops) {
+      RunOp(ready_vars, op);
+    }
+    ready_ops.clear();
+  };
+
+  // Create local scopes.
+  for (auto &scope : local_scopes_) {
+    auto &local_scope = scope->NewScope();
+    *scope->Var("@TMP_SCOPE@")->GetMutable<Scope *>() = &local_scope;
+  }
+
+  // Step 3. Execution
+  while (!pending_vars.empty()) {
+    // 1. Run All Ready ops
+    run_all_ready_ops();
+
+    // 2. Find ready variable
+    bool timeout;
+    auto cur_ready_vars = ready_vars.PopAll(1000, &timeout);
+
+    if (timeout) {
+      if (exception_) {
+        throw * exception_;
+      } else {
+        continue;
+      }
+    }
+    // 3. Remove the dependency of ready_var.
+    // Find the ready_ops after the ready_var.
+    for (auto ready_var : cur_ready_vars) {
+      pending_vars.erase(ready_var);
+      for (auto *op : ready_var->pending_ops_) {
+        auto &deps = pending_ops[op];
+        --deps;
+        if (deps == 0) {
+          ready_ops.insert(op);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Keep loop until all vars are ready.
+  }
+
+  ++computation_count_;
+
+  auto sync_computation = [&] {
+    computation_count_ = 0;
+    // Wait All computational streams
+    for (auto p : this->places_) {
+      platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(p)->Wait();
+    }
+    for (auto &scope : local_scopes_) {
+      scope->DropKids();
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Wait FetchOps.
+  if (!fetch_ops.empty()) {
+    fetch_ops.clear();
+    sync_computation();
+  }
+
+  if (computation_count_ == max_async_computation) {
+    sync_computation();
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: the temp scope can be dropped lazily if needed.
+  // Drop tmp scopes;
+  for (auto &scope : local_scopes_) {
+    auto &kid = *scope->Var("@TMP_SCOPE@")->GetMutable<Scope *>();
+    kid = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  return fetch_data;
+}
+
+void ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor::RunOp(
+    BlockingQueue<VarHandleBase *> &ready_var_q, details::OpHandleBase *op) {
+  auto op_run = [&ready_var_q, op, this] {
+    try {
+      VLOG(10) << op->Name() << " : " << op->DebugString();
+      op->Run(use_event_);
+      ready_var_q.Extend(op->outputs_);
+    } catch (platform::EnforceNotMet ex) {
+      exception_.reset(new platform::EnforceNotMet(ex));
+    } catch (...) {
+      LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown exception catched";
+    }
+  };
+  if (pool_) {
+    pool_->enqueue(op_run);
+  } else {
+    op_run();
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <functional>
+#include "ThreadPool.h"  // ThreadPool in thrird party
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/ssa_graph_executor.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+class Scope;
+
+namespace details {
+
+template <typename T>
+class BlockingQueue {
+ public:
+  void Push(const T &item) {
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mutex_);
+      q_.emplace_back(item);
+    }
+    cv_.notify_one();
+  }
+
+  template <typename U>
+  void Extend(const U &items) {
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> g(mutex_);
+      for (auto &item : items) {
+        q_.emplace_back(item);
+      }
+    }
+    cv_.notify_all();
+  }
+
+  std::deque<T> PopAll(size_t ms, bool *timeout) {
+    auto time =
+        std::chrono::system_clock::now() + std::chrono::milliseconds(ms);
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_);
+    *timeout = !cv_.wait_until(lock, time, [this] { return !q_.empty(); });
+    std::deque<T> ret;
+    if (!*timeout) {
+      std::swap(ret, q_);
+    }
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  std::mutex mutex_;
+  std::condition_variable cv_;
+  std::deque<T> q_;
+};
+
+class ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor : public SSAGraphExecutor {
+ public:
+  ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor(size_t num_threads, bool use_event,
+                           const std::vector<Scope *> &local_scopes,
+                           const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+                           std::unique_ptr<SSAGraph> &&graph);
+
+  // Run a SSAGraph by a thread pool
+  // Use topological sort algorithm
+  FeedFetchList Run(const std::vector<std::string> &fetch_tensors) override;
+
+  ~ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor() {}
+
+ private:
+  void RunOp(BlockingQueue<VarHandleBase *> &ready_var_q,
+             details::OpHandleBase *op);
+
+ private:
+  std::unique_ptr<::ThreadPool> pool_;
+  std::vector<Scope *> local_scopes_;
+  std::vector<platform::Place> places_;
+  platform::DeviceContextPool fetch_ctxs_;
+  const bool use_event_;
+  std::unique_ptr<platform::EnforceNotMet> exception_;
+
+  size_t computation_count_{0};
+  size_t max_async_computation{100};
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.cc

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+
+VarHandleBase::~VarHandleBase() {}
+
+std::string VarHandle::DebugString() const {
+  std::stringstream ss;
+  ss << name_ << ":" << place_;
+  return ss.str();
+}
+
+std::string DummyVarHandle::DebugString() const { return "dummy"; }
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/details/var_handle.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/place.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+namespace details {
+struct OpHandleBase;
+
+// VarHandleBase is the var node in the dependency graph.
+// A variable can only be generated by a single operator. i.e.
+// This is a single assignment graph.
+struct VarHandleBase {
+  virtual ~VarHandleBase();
+  virtual std::string DebugString() const = 0;
+
+  // The operator who generate this variable. nullptr if the variable
+  // is a root node.
+  OpHandleBase *generated_op_;
+
+  // Operators which depend on this variable ready.
+  std::unordered_set<OpHandleBase *> pending_ops_;
+};
+
+// VarHandle is actually a single version of Runtime Variable.
+// Variable in Runtime mapped to many VarHandles in Graph.
+// Each assignment will generate a new var handle with newer version.
+//
+// NOTE: runtime variables have place.
+struct VarHandle : public VarHandleBase {
+  std::string DebugString() const override;
+
+  // version field currently is not used, however, just store the version to
+  // debug easily.
+  size_t version_;
+  std::string name_;
+  platform::Place place_;
+};
+
+// Dummy Variable. It is used to represent dependencies between operators
+struct DummyVarHandle : public VarHandleBase {
+  std::string DebugString() const override;
+};
+
+}  // namespace details
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/executor.cc

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ ExecutorPrepareContext::~ExecutorPrepareContext() {
 
 Executor::Executor(const platform::Place& place) : place_(place) {}
 
-static void CreateTensor(Variable* var, proto::VarType::Type var_type) {
+void InitializeVariable(Variable* var, proto::VarType::Type var_type) {
   if (var_type == proto::VarType::LOD_TENSOR) {
     var->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
   } else if (var_type == proto::VarType::SELECTED_ROWS) {
@@ -294,12 +294,12 @@ void Executor::RunPreparedContext(ExecutorPrepareContext* ctx, Scope* scope,
 
         if (var->Persistable()) {
           auto* ptr = scope->Var(var->Name());
-          CreateTensor(ptr, var->GetType());
+          InitializeVariable(ptr, var->GetType());
           VLOG(3) << "Create Variable " << var->Name()
                   << " global, which pointer is " << ptr;
         } else {
           auto* ptr = local_scope->Var(var->Name());
-          CreateTensor(ptr, var->GetType());
+          InitializeVariable(ptr, var->GetType());
           VLOG(3) << "Create Variable " << var->Name()
                   << " locally, which pointer is " << ptr;
         }
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ void Executor::RunPreparedContext(ExecutorPrepareContext* ctx, Scope* scope,
     } else {
       for (auto& var : block.AllVars()) {
         auto* ptr = local_scope->Var(var->Name());
-        CreateTensor(ptr, var->GetType());
+        InitializeVariable(ptr, var->GetType());
         VLOG(3) << "Create variable " << var->Name() << ", which pointer is "
                 << ptr;
       }

paddle/fluid/framework/executor.h

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace framework {
+extern void InitializeVariable(Variable* var, proto::VarType::Type var_type);
 
 struct ExecutorPrepareContext {
   ExecutorPrepareContext(const framework::ProgramDesc& prog, size_t block_id);

paddle/fluid/framework/operator.cc

@@ -517,6 +517,7 @@ void OperatorWithKernel::RunImpl(const Scope& scope,
   // do data transform
   Scope& new_scope = scope.NewScope();
 
+  std::vector<std::string> inplace_vars;
   for (auto& var_name_item : this->Inputs()) {
     for (auto& var_name : var_name_item.second) {
       auto* var = scope.FindVar(var_name);
@@ -529,10 +530,7 @@ void OperatorWithKernel::RunImpl(const Scope& scope,
             auto out_var_names = OutputVars(true);
             if (std::find(out_var_names.begin(), out_var_names.end(),
                           var_name) != out_var_names.end()) {
-              PADDLE_THROW(
-                  "var %s is both input and output, "
-                  "does not support transform",
-                  var_name);
+              inplace_vars.push_back(var_name);
             }
             VLOG(3) << "Transform Variable " << var_name << " from "
                     << kernel_type_for_var << " to " << expected_kernel_key;
@@ -551,6 +549,13 @@ void OperatorWithKernel::RunImpl(const Scope& scope,
   kernel_iter->second->Compute(
       ExecutionContext(*this, new_scope, *new_dev_ctx));
 
+  for (auto& var_name : inplace_vars) {
+    VLOG(3) << "share inplace var " + var_name + " back to it's original scope";
+    auto* original_tensor = GetMutableTensorFromVar(scope.FindVar(var_name));
+    auto* transformed_tensor = GetTensorFromVar(new_scope.FindVar(var_name));
+    original_tensor->ShareDataWith(*transformed_tensor);
+  }
+
   /*For profiling/benchmark only*/
   if (FLAGS_benchmark) {
     new_dev_ctx->Wait();

paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.h"
+#include <string>
+
+#include "ThreadPool.h"
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/nccl_helper.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/multi_devices_graph_builder.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/details/threaded_ssa_graph_executor.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+
+class ParallelExecutorPrivate {
+ public:
+  explicit ParallelExecutorPrivate(const std::vector<platform::Place> &places)
+      : places_(places) {}
+
+  std::vector<platform::Place> places_;
+  std::vector<Scope *> local_scopes_;
+  Scope *global_scope_;
+  std::unique_ptr<details::SSAGraphExecutor> executor_;
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  std::unique_ptr<platform::NCCLContextMap> nccl_ctxs_;
+#endif
+};
+
+ParallelExecutor::ParallelExecutor(
+    size_t num_threads, bool use_event,
+    const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+    const std::unordered_set<std::string> &params,
+    const ProgramDesc &startup_program, const ProgramDesc &main_program,
+    const std::string &loss_var_name, Scope *scope)
+    : member_(new ParallelExecutorPrivate(places)) {
+  member_->global_scope_ = scope;
+
+  // Step 1. RunStartupProgram and Bcast the params to devs.
+  Executor exe(places[0]);
+  exe.Run(startup_program, scope, 0);
+  // Create local scopes
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < member_->places_.size(); ++i) {
+    member_->local_scopes_.push_back(&scope->NewScope());
+  }
+
+// Bcast Parameters to all GPUs
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  member_->nccl_ctxs_.reset(new platform::NCCLContextMap(member_->places_));
+#endif
+  if (platform::is_gpu_place(places[0]) &&
+      member_->local_scopes_.size() != 1) {  // Is CUDA
+    BCastParamsToGPUs(startup_program);
+  }
+// Startup Program has been run. All local scopes has correct parameters.
+
+// Step 2. Convert main_program to SSA form and dependency graph. Also, insert
+// ncclOp
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  details::MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder builder(member_->places_, loss_var_name,
+                                           params, member_->local_scopes_,
+                                           member_->nccl_ctxs_.get());
+#else
+  details::MultiDevSSAGraphBuilder builder(member_->places_, loss_var_name,
+                                           params, member_->local_scopes_);
+#endif
+  auto graph = builder.Build(main_program);
+
+  member_->executor_.reset(new details::ThreadedSSAGraphExecutor(
+      num_threads, use_event, member_->local_scopes_, places,
+      std::move(graph)));
+
+  // Step 3. Create vars in each scope;
+  for (auto *scope : member_->local_scopes_) {
+    for (auto *var : main_program.Block(0).AllVars()) {
+      if (scope->FindVar(var->Name()) != nullptr) {
+        continue;
+      }
+
+      InitializeVariable(scope->Var(var->Name()), var->GetType());
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void ParallelExecutor::BCastParamsToGPUs(
+    const ProgramDesc &startup_program) const {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+  auto *main_scope = member_->local_scopes_[0];
+
+  for (auto *var_desc : startup_program.Block(0).AllVars()) {
+    size_t idx = var_desc->Name().find("@GRAD");
+    if (idx != std::string::npos) continue;
+    if (var_desc->GetType() == proto::VarType::LOD_TENSOR) {
+      auto &main_tensor =
+          main_scope->FindVar(var_desc->Name())->Get<LoDTensor>();
+
+      auto &dims = main_tensor.dims();
+
+      if (paddle::platform::is_gpu_place(main_tensor.place())) {
+        size_t numel = main_tensor.numel();
+        ncclDataType_t data_type = platform::ToNCCLDataType(main_tensor.type());
+        platform::NCCLGroupGuard guard;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < member_->places_.size(); ++i) {
+          auto place = member_->places_[i];
+          void *buffer;
+          if (i == 0) {
+            buffer = const_cast<void *>(main_tensor.data<void>());
+          } else {
+            auto local_scope = member_->local_scopes_[i];
+            auto *t =
+                local_scope->Var(var_desc->Name())->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
+            t->Resize(dims);
+            buffer = t->mutable_data(place, main_tensor.type());
+          }
+          auto &nccl_ctx = member_->nccl_ctxs_->at(place);
+          platform::dynload::ncclBcast(buffer, numel, data_type, 0,
+                                       nccl_ctx.comm_, nccl_ctx.stream());
+        }
+      } else {
+        platform::CPUPlace cpu;
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < member_->places_.size(); ++i) {
+          auto local_scope = member_->local_scopes_[i];
+          auto *t = local_scope->Var(var_desc->Name())->GetMutable<LoDTensor>();
+          t->Resize(dims);
+          t->mutable_data(cpu, main_tensor.type());
+          paddle::framework::TensorCopy(main_tensor, cpu, t);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    member_->nccl_ctxs_->WaitAll();
+  }
+#else
+  PADDLE_THROW("Not compiled with CUDA");
+#endif
+}
+
+void ParallelExecutor::Run(const std::vector<std::string> &fetch_tensors,
+                           const std::string &fetched_var_name) {
+  auto fetch_data = member_->executor_->Run(fetch_tensors);
+  *member_->global_scope_->Var(fetched_var_name)->GetMutable<FeedFetchList>() =
+      fetch_data;
+}
+
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <future>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/executor.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_info.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/program_desc.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/scope.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/tensor.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/device_context.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace framework {
+
+class ParallelExecutorPrivate;
+
+class ParallelExecutor {
+  DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ParallelExecutor);
+
+ public:
+  explicit ParallelExecutor(size_t num_threads, bool use_event,
+                            const std::vector<platform::Place>& places,
+                            const std::unordered_set<std::string>& params,
+                            const ProgramDesc& startup_program,
+                            const ProgramDesc& main_program,
+                            const std::string& loss_var_name, Scope* scope);
+
+  void Run(const std::vector<std::string>& fetch_tensors,
+           const std::string& fetched_var_name = "fetched_var");
+
+ private:
+  ParallelExecutorPrivate* member_;
+
+  void BCastParamsToGPUs(const ProgramDesc& startup_program) const;
+};
+
+}  // namespace framework
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/framework/reader.cc

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ void FileReader::ReadNext(std::vector<LoDTensor> *out) {
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(actual.size(), expect.size());
     for (int j = 0; j < actual.size(); ++j) {
-      PADDLE_ENFORCE(actual[i] == expect[i] || expect[i] == -1);
+      //      PADDLE_ENFORCE(actual[i] == expect[i] || expect[i] == -1);
     }
   }
 }

paddle/fluid/framework/threadpool.h

@@ -32,6 +32,8 @@ namespace framework {
 // number of threads.
 class ThreadPool {
  public:
+  explicit ThreadPool(int num_threads);
+
   using Task = std::packaged_task<std::unique_ptr<platform::EnforceNotMet>()>;
 
   // Returns the singleton of ThreadPool.
@@ -103,8 +105,6 @@ class ThreadPool {
 
   DISABLE_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(ThreadPool);
 
-  explicit ThreadPool(int num_threads);
-
   // If the task queue is empty and avaialbe is equal to the number of
   // threads, means that all tasks are completed.  Note: this function
   // is not thread-safe.  Returns true if all tasks are completed.

paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator.cc

@@ -79,7 +79,18 @@ void* GPUAllocator::Alloc(size_t& index, size_t size) {
   // if size is 0.  We just make sure it does.
   if (size <= 0) return nullptr;
   void* p;
+  int prev_id;
+  cudaGetDevice(&prev_id);
+  if (prev_id != gpu_id_) {
+    cudaSetDevice(gpu_id_);
+  }
+
   cudaError_t result = cudaMalloc(&p, size);
+
+  if (prev_id != gpu_id_) {
+    cudaSetDevice(prev_id);
+  }
+
   if (result == cudaSuccess) {
     index = 0;
     gpu_alloc_size_ += size;

paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator.h

@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@ class CPUAllocator : public SystemAllocator {
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
 class GPUAllocator : public SystemAllocator {
  public:
+  explicit GPUAllocator(int gpu_id) : gpu_id_(gpu_id) {}
+
   virtual void* Alloc(size_t& index, size_t size);
   virtual void Free(void* p, size_t size, size_t index);
   virtual bool UseGpu() const;
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ class GPUAllocator : public SystemAllocator {
  private:
   size_t gpu_alloc_size_ = 0;
   size_t fallback_alloc_size_ = 0;
+  int gpu_id_;
 };
 
 class CUDAPinnedAllocator : public SystemAllocator {

paddle/fluid/memory/detail/system_allocator_test.cc

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ TEST(CPUAllocator, LockMem) {
 
 #ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
 TEST(GPUAllocator, Alloc) {
-  paddle::memory::detail::GPUAllocator a;
+  paddle::memory::detail::GPUAllocator a(0);
   TestAllocator(a, 2048);
   TestAllocator(a, 0);
 }

paddle/fluid/memory/memory.cc

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ BuddyAllocator* GetGPUBuddyAllocator(int gpu_id) {
   }
   platform::SetDeviceId(gpu_id);
   if (!as[gpu_id]) {
-    as[gpu_id] = new BuddyAllocator(new detail::GPUAllocator,
+    as[gpu_id] = new BuddyAllocator(new detail::GPUAllocator(gpu_id),
                                     platform::GpuMinChunkSize(),
                                     platform::GpuMaxChunkSize());
     VLOG(10) << "\n\nNOTE: each GPU device use "

paddle/fluid/operators/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -183,6 +183,8 @@ if(WITH_DISTRIBUTE)
     set(DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS "-Wno-non-virtual-dtor -Wno-error=non-virtual-dtor -Wno-error=delete-non-virtual-dtor")
     op_library(send_op DEPS ${DISTRIBUTE_DEPS})
     set_source_files_properties(send_op.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS ${DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
+    op_library(prefetch_op DEPS ${DISTRIBUTE_DEPS})
+    set_source_files_properties(prefetch_op.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS ${DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
     op_library(recv_op DEPS ${DISTRIBUTE_DEPS})
     set_source_files_properties(recv_op.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS ${DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
     op_library(listen_and_serv_op DEPS ${DISTRIBUTE_DEPS})
@@ -191,9 +193,9 @@ if(WITH_DISTRIBUTE)
     set_source_files_properties(send_vars_op.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS ${DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
     op_library(send_barrier_op DEPS ${DISTRIBUTE_DEPS})
     set_source_files_properties(send_barrier_op.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS ${DISTRIBUTE_COMPILE_FLAGS})
-    cc_test(test_send_recv SRCS send_recv_op_test.cc DEPS send_op listen_and_serv_op sum_op executor)
+    cc_test(test_send_recv SRCS send_recv_op_test.cc DEPS prefetch_op send_op listen_and_serv_op sum_op executor)
 else()
-    set(DEPS_OPS ${DEPS_OPS} send_op recv_op listen_and_serv_op send_vars_op send_barrier_op)
+    set(DEPS_OPS ${DEPS_OPS} send_op prefetch_op recv_op listen_and_serv_op send_vars_op send_barrier_op)
 endif()
 
 op_library(cond_op DEPS framework_proto tensor net_op)

paddle/fluid/operators/compare_op.cc

@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ class CompareOpProtoMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
     AddInput("Y", string::Sprintf(
                       "(LoDTensor) the right hand operand of %s operator",
                       comment.type));
+    AddAttr<bool>("force_cpu",
+                  "(bool, default false) Force fill output variable to cpu "
+                  "memory. Otherwise, fill output variable to the running "
+                  "device")
+        .SetDefault(false);
     AddOutput("Out", string::Sprintf(
                          "(LoDTensor) n-dim bool tensor. Each element is %s",
                          comment.equation));
@@ -75,7 +80,9 @@ class CompareOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
       const framework::ExecutionContext &ctx) const override {
     framework::OpKernelType kt = OperatorWithKernel::GetExpectedKernelType(ctx);
     // CompareOp kernel's device type is decided by input tensor place
-    kt.place_ = ctx.Input<framework::LoDTensor>("X")->place();
+    bool force_cpu = ctx.Attr<bool>("force_cpu");
+    kt.place_ = force_cpu ? platform::CPUPlace()
+                          : ctx.Input<framework::LoDTensor>("X")->place();
     return kt;
   }
 };

paddle/fluid/operators/conditional_block_op.cc

@@ -54,7 +54,18 @@ class ConditionalOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
           "numel should be 1, actual numel is %d",
           ips[0]->numel());
     }
-    return ips[0]->data<bool>()[0];
+    bool res = false;
+    if (platform::is_gpu_place(ips[0]->place())) {
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+      framework::LoDTensor cpu_tensor;
+      framework::TensorCopy(*ips[0], platform::CPUPlace(), &cpu_tensor);
+      platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(ips[0]->place())->Wait();
+      res = cpu_tensor.data<bool>()[0];
+#endif
+    } else {
+      res = ips[0]->data<bool>()[0];
+    }
+    return res;
   }
 };
 

paddle/fluid/operators/detail/grpc_client.cc

@@ -92,10 +92,13 @@ bool RPCClient::AsyncGetVariable(const std::string& ep,
   const auto ch = GetChannel(ep_val);
 
   framework::Async([var_name_val, ep_val, p_scope, p_ctx, time_out, ch, this] {
+    // prepare input
     sendrecv::VariableMessage req;
     req.set_varname(var_name_val);
+    ::grpc::ByteBuffer buf;
+    RequestToByteBuffer<sendrecv::VariableMessage>(req, &buf);
 
-    // varhandle
+    // var handle
     VarHandle var_h;
     var_h.ep = ep_val;
     var_h.scope = p_scope;
@@ -107,9 +110,6 @@ bool RPCClient::AsyncGetVariable(const std::string& ep,
     s->Prepare(var_h, time_out);
     s->response_call_back_ = ProcGetResponse;
 
-    ::grpc::ByteBuffer buf;
-    RequestToByteBuffer<sendrecv::VariableMessage>(req, &buf);
-
     auto call = s->stub_g_.PrepareUnaryCall(
         s->context_.get(), "/sendrecv.SendRecvService/GetVariable", buf, &cq_);
     call->StartCall();
@@ -121,6 +121,48 @@ bool RPCClient::AsyncGetVariable(const std::string& ep,
   return true;
 }
 
+bool RPCClient::AsyncPrefetchVariable(const std::string& ep,
+                                      const platform::DeviceContext& ctx,
+                                      const framework::Scope& scope,
+                                      const std::string& in_var_name,
+                                      const std::string& out_var_name,
+                                      int64_t time_out) {
+  const platform::DeviceContext* p_ctx = &ctx;
+  const std::string ep_val = ep;
+  const std::string in_var_name_val = in_var_name;
+  const std::string out_var_name_val = out_var_name;
+  const framework::Scope* p_scope = &scope;
+  const auto ch = GetChannel(ep_val);
+
+  framework::Async([in_var_name_val, out_var_name_val, ep_val, p_scope, p_ctx,
+                    time_out, ch, this] {
+    auto* var = p_scope->FindVar(in_var_name_val);
+
+    ::grpc::ByteBuffer req;
+    SerializeToByteBuffer(in_var_name_val, var, *p_ctx, &req);
+
+    // var handle
+    VarHandle var_h;
+    var_h.ep = ep_val;
+    var_h.scope = p_scope;
+    var_h.name = out_var_name_val;
+    var_h.ctx = p_ctx;
+
+    // stub context
+    GetProcessor* s = new GetProcessor(ch);
+    s->Prepare(var_h, time_out);
+    s->response_call_back_ = ProcGetResponse;
+
+    auto call = s->stub_g_.PrepareUnaryCall(
+        s->context_.get(), "/sendrecv.SendRecvService/GetVariable", req, &cq_);
+    call->StartCall();
+    call->Finish(&s->reply_, &s->status_, (void*)s);
+  });
+
+  req_count_++;
+  return true;
+}
+
 void RPCClient::AsyncSendBatchBarrier(const std::string& ep, int64_t time_out) {
   const auto ch = GetChannel(ep);
 

paddle/fluid/operators/detail/grpc_client.h

@@ -171,6 +171,13 @@ class RPCClient {
                         const std::string& var_name,
                         int64_t time_out = 600 * 1000);
 
+  bool AsyncPrefetchVariable(const std::string& ep,
+                             const platform::DeviceContext& ctx,
+                             const framework::Scope& scope,
+                             const std::string& in_var_name,
+                             const std::string& out_var_name,
+                             int64_t time_out = 600 * 1000);
+
   void AsyncSendBatchBarrier(const std::string& ep,
                              int64_t time_out = 600 * 1000);
 

paddle/fluid/operators/detail/grpc_server.cc

@@ -177,13 +177,13 @@ void AsyncGRPCServer::ShutdownQueue() {
   std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(cq_mutex_);
   cq_send_->Shutdown();
   cq_get_->Shutdown();
-  is_shut_down_ = true;
 }
 
 // This URL explains why shutdown is complicate:
 void AsyncGRPCServer::ShutDown() {
-  server_->Shutdown();
+  is_shut_down_ = true;
   ShutdownQueue();
+  server_->Shutdown();
 }
 
 void AsyncGRPCServer::TryToRegisterNewSendOne() {
@@ -216,14 +216,14 @@ void AsyncGRPCServer::HandleRequest(::grpc::ServerCompletionQueue* cq,
   bool ok = false;
   while (true) {
     if (!cq->Next(&tag, &ok)) {
-      LOG(INFO) << cq_name << " get CompletionQueue shutdown!";
+      LOG(INFO) << cq_name << " CompletionQueue shutdown!";
       break;
     }
 
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(tag);
     // FIXME(typhoonzero): de-couple the barriers with recv_op
-    if (cq_name == "cq_get") WaitCond(1);
-    if (cq_name == "cq_send") WaitCond(0);
+    if (!is_shut_down_ && cq_name == "cq_get") WaitCond(1);
+    if (!is_shut_down_ && cq_name == "cq_send") WaitCond(0);
 
     RequestBase* base = reinterpret_cast<RequestBase*>(tag);
     // reference:

paddle/fluid/operators/dropout_op.h

@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
-
 #pragma once
+
 #include <random>
+
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/eigen.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
 

paddle/fluid/operators/dropout_op_test.cc

@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
 #include <unistd.h>
+
 #include <string>
-#include <thread>
+#include <thread>  // NOLINT
+#include <vector>
 
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
@@ -30,9 +32,9 @@ namespace m = paddle::operators::math;
 
 USE_OP(dropout);
 
-void Compare(f::Scope& scope, p::DeviceContext& ctx) {
+void Compare(f::Scope* scope, const p::DeviceContext& ctx) {
   // init
-  auto var = scope.Var("X");
+  auto var = scope->Var("X");
   auto tensor = var->GetMutable<f::LoDTensor>();
   tensor->Resize({10, 10});
 
@@ -44,12 +46,12 @@ void Compare(f::Scope& scope, p::DeviceContext& ctx) {
   TensorFromVector(init, ctx, tensor);
 
   auto place = ctx.GetPlace();
-  auto out_var = scope.Var("Out");
+  auto out_var = scope->Var("Out");
   auto out_tensor = out_var->GetMutable<f::LoDTensor>();
   out_tensor->Resize({10, 10});
   out_tensor->mutable_data<float>(place);  // allocate
 
-  auto mask_var = scope.Var("Mask");
+  auto mask_var = scope->Var("Mask");
   auto mask_tensor = mask_var->GetMutable<f::LoDTensor>();
   mask_tensor->Resize({10, 10});
   mask_tensor->mutable_data<float>(place);  // allocate
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ void Compare(f::Scope& scope, p::DeviceContext& ctx) {
   auto dropout_op = f::OpRegistry::CreateOp(
       "dropout", {{"X", {"X"}}}, {{"Out", {"Out"}}, {"Mask", {"Mask"}}}, attrs);
 
-  dropout_op->Run(scope, place);
+  dropout_op->Run(*scope, place);
 
   std::vector<float> out_vec;
   TensorToVector(*out_tensor, ctx, &out_vec);
@@ -81,6 +83,11 @@ void Compare(f::Scope& scope, p::DeviceContext& ctx) {
   }
 }
 
+// TODO(wyi): Due to
+// https://github.com/PaddlePaddle/Paddle/issues/9507, I temporarily
+// disable this test to remove the prevention of the merge of
+// unrelated PRs.
+/*
 TEST(Dropout, CPUDense) {
   f::Scope scope;
   p::CPUPlace place;
@@ -94,3 +101,4 @@ TEST(Dropout, GPUDense) {
   p::CUDADeviceContext ctx(place);
   Compare(scope, ctx);
 }
+*/

paddle/fluid/operators/increment_op.cc

-/* Copyright (c) 2016 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
-
-Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-limitations under the License. */
-
-#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/increment_op.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 
-class IncrementInferShape : public framework::InferShapeBase {
+class IncrementOp : public framework::OperatorWithKernel {
  public:
-  void operator()(framework::InferShapeContext *ctx) const override {
+  IncrementOp(const std::string &type, const framework::VariableNameMap &inputs,
+              const framework::VariableNameMap &outputs,
+              const framework::AttributeMap &attrs)
+      : OperatorWithKernel(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {}
+
+  void InferShape(framework::InferShapeContext *ctx) const override {
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx->HasInput("X"),
                    "Input(X) of IncrementOp should not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE(ctx->HasOutput("Out"),
                    "Output(Out) of IncrementOp should not be null.");
     PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(1, framework::product(ctx->GetInputDim("X")));
     ctx->SetOutputDim("Out", ctx->GetInputDim("X"));
+    ctx->ShareLoD("X", "Out");
   }
-};
-
-struct IncrementFunctor {
-  IncrementFunctor(const framework::LoDTensor &x, framework::LoDTensor *out,
-                   float value)
-      : x_(x), out_(out), value_(value) {}
-
-  template <typename T>
-  void operator()() const {
-    *out_->data<T>() = *x_.data<T>() + static_cast<T>(value_);
-  }
-
-  const framework::LoDTensor &x_;
-  framework::LoDTensor *out_;
-  float value_;
-};
-
-class IncrementOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
- public:
-  IncrementOp(const std::string &type, const framework::VariableNameMap &inputs,
-              const framework::VariableNameMap &outputs,
-              const framework::AttributeMap &attrs)
-      : OperatorBase(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {}
-
- private:
-  void RunImpl(const framework::Scope &scope,
-               const platform::Place &place) const override {
-    auto &x = scope.FindVar(Input("X"))->Get<framework::LoDTensor>();
-    auto &out =
-        *scope.FindVar(Output("Out"))->GetMutable<framework::LoDTensor>();
 
-    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::is_cpu_place(x.place()));
-    out.Resize(x.dims());
-    out.mutable_data(x.place(), x.type());
-    float value = Attr<float>("step");
-    VLOG(10) << Output("Out") << " increase " << Input("X") << " with "
-             << value;
-    framework::VisitDataType(framework::ToDataType(out.type()),
-                             IncrementFunctor(x, &out, value));
+ protected:
+  framework::OpKernelType GetExpectedKernelType(
+      const framework::ExecutionContext &ctx) const override {
+    framework::OpKernelType kt = OperatorWithKernel::GetExpectedKernelType(ctx);
+    // IncrementOp kernel's device type is decided by input tensor place
+    kt.place_ = ctx.Input<framework::LoDTensor>("X")->place();
+    return kt;
   }
 };
 
@@ -108,5 +83,10 @@ class IncrementGradOpMaker : public framework::SingleGradOpDescMaker {
 }  // namespace paddle
 
 namespace ops = paddle::operators;
-REGISTER_OPERATOR(increment, ops::IncrementOp, ops::IncrementInferShape,
-                  ops::IncrementOpMaker, ops::IncrementGradOpMaker);
+REGISTER_OPERATOR(increment, ops::IncrementOp, ops::IncrementOpMaker,
+                  ops::IncrementGradOpMaker);
+REGISTER_OP_CPU_KERNEL(
+    increment, ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, double>,
+    ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, int>,
+    ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CPUDeviceContext, int64_t>)

paddle/fluid/operators/increment_op.cu

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/increment_op.h"
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+REGISTER_OP_CUDA_KERNEL(
+    increment, ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, float>,
+    ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, double>,
+    ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, int>,
+    ops::IncrementKernel<paddle::platform::CUDADeviceContext, int64_t>)

paddle/fluid/operators/increment_op.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/eigen.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+template <typename DeviceContext, typename T>
+class IncrementKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
+ public:
+  void Compute(const framework::ExecutionContext& context) const override {
+    auto* x_tensor = context.Input<framework::Tensor>("X");
+    auto* out_tensor = context.Output<framework::Tensor>("Out");
+    float step = context.Attr<float>("step");
+
+    out_tensor->mutable_data<T>(context.GetPlace());
+    auto& dev =
+        *context.template device_context<DeviceContext>().eigen_device();
+    framework::EigenScalar<T>::From(*out_tensor).device(dev) =
+        framework::EigenScalar<T>::From(*x_tensor) + static_cast<T>(step);
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/operators/listen_and_serv_op.cc

@@ -54,6 +54,24 @@ static void CreateTensorFromMessageType(framework::Variable *var,
   }
 }
 
+static void ParallelExecuteBlocks(const std::vector<size_t> &parallel_blkids,
+                                  framework::Executor *executor,
+                                  framework::ProgramDesc *program,
+                                  framework::Scope *scope) {
+  std::vector<std::future<void>> fs;
+  for (size_t idx : parallel_blkids) {
+    fs.push_back(framework::Async([&executor, &program, &scope, idx]() {
+      int run_block = idx;  // thread local
+      try {
+        executor->Run(*program, scope, run_block, false, false);
+      } catch (std::exception &e) {
+        LOG(ERROR) << "run sub program error " << e.what();
+      }
+    }));
+  }
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < fs.size(); ++i) fs[i].wait();
+}
+
 class ListenAndServOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
  public:
   ListenAndServOp(const std::string &type,
@@ -70,7 +88,6 @@ class ListenAndServOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
 
   void Stop() override {
     rpc_service_->Push(LISTEN_TERMINATE_MESSAGE);
-    rpc_service_->ShutDown();
     server_thread_->join();
   }
 
@@ -135,34 +152,27 @@ class ListenAndServOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
         break;
       }
 
-      // put optimize blocks in the thread pool to start run, the last block
-      // should be global ops.
       // NOTE: if is_gpu_place, CUDA kernels are laugched by multiple threads
       // and this will still work.
 
-      std::vector<std::future<void>> fs;
+      // The optimize blocks which have the same parent ID would run parallel
+      // TODO(Yancey1989): need to use ParallelExecutor for future
+      size_t last_parent_blkid = program->Block(1).Parent();
+      std::vector<size_t> parallel_blkids;
+      parallel_blkids.push_back(1);
       double ts = detail::GetTimestamp();
-      // block0 contains only listen_and_serv op, start run from block1.
-      for (int blkid = 1; blkid < num_blocks - 1; ++blkid) {
-        fs.push_back(
-            framework::Async([&executor, &program, &recv_scope, blkid]() {
-              int run_block = blkid;  // thread local
-              try {
-                executor.Run(*program, &recv_scope, run_block, false, false);
-              } catch (std::exception &e) {
-                LOG(ERROR) << "run sub program error " << e.what();
-              }
-            }));
-      }
-      for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks - 2; ++i) fs[i].wait();
-      // Run global block at final step, or block1 if there are only 2 blocks
-      if (num_blocks >= 2) {
-        try {
-          executor.Run(*program, &recv_scope, num_blocks - 1, false, false);
-        } catch (std::exception &e) {
-          LOG(ERROR) << "run sub program error " << e.what();
+      for (size_t blkid = 2; blkid < num_blocks; ++blkid) {
+        if (program->Block(blkid).Parent() != last_parent_blkid) {
+          for (size_t idx : parallel_blkids) VLOG(3) << idx;
+          ParallelExecuteBlocks(parallel_blkids, &executor, program,
+                                &recv_scope);
+          parallel_blkids.clear();
+          last_parent_blkid = program->Block(blkid).Parent();
         }
+        parallel_blkids.push_back(blkid);
       }
+      ParallelExecuteBlocks(parallel_blkids, &executor, program, &recv_scope);
+
       VLOG(2) << "run all blocks spent (ms) " << detail::GetTimestamp() - ts;
 
       // Reset the received sparse variables, the sum operator would not
@@ -178,10 +188,6 @@ class ListenAndServOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
       rpc_service_->WaitClientGet(fan_in);
       sparse_vars.clear();
     }  // while(true)
-
-    // for (int i = 0; i < num_blocks; ++i) {
-    //   delete blk_ctx_list[i];
-    // }
   }
 
  protected:

paddle/fluid/operators/lrn_op.cc

@@ -214,7 +214,10 @@ class LRNOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
         "Defaults to \"NHWC\". Specify the data format of the output data, "
         "the input will be transformed automatically. ")
         .SetDefault("AnyLayout");
-    AddAttr<bool>("is_test", "").SetDefault(false);
+    AddAttr<bool>("is_test",
+                  "Turns on memory optimization that optimizes away "
+                  "unnecessary memory allocations. Used by MKLDNN.")
+        .SetDefault(false);
 
     AddComment(R"DOC(
 Local Response Normalization Operator.

paddle/fluid/operators/lrn_op.h

@@ -121,6 +121,10 @@ class LRNGradKernel : public framework::OpKernel<T> {
     T alpha = ctx.Attr<T>("alpha");
     T beta = ctx.Attr<T>("beta");
 
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(
+        !ctx.Attr<bool>("is_test"),
+        "is_test attribute should be set to False in training phase.");
+
     LRNGradFunctor<DeviceContext, T> f;
     f(ctx, x, out, mid, x_g, out_g, N, C, H, W, n, alpha, beta);
   }

paddle/fluid/operators/math/concat.h

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
 #pragma once
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/data_type.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/tensor.h"
 
 namespace paddle {

paddle/fluid/operators/prefetch_op.cc

+/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+#include <future>
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/data_type.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/detail/grpc_client.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+class PrefetchOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
+ public:
+  PrefetchOp(const std::string& type, const framework::VariableNameMap& inputs,
+             const framework::VariableNameMap& outputs,
+             const framework::AttributeMap& attrs)
+      : OperatorBase(type, inputs, outputs, attrs) {}
+
+  void RunImpl(const framework::Scope& scope,
+               const platform::Place& place) const override {
+    auto ins = Inputs("X");
+    auto outs = Outputs("Out");
+
+    std::vector<std::string> epmap = Attr<std::vector<std::string>>("epmap");
+
+    platform::DeviceContextPool& pool = platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance();
+    auto& ctx = *pool.Get(place);
+
+    auto client_var_name = Output("RPCClient");
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(scope.FindVar(client_var_name),
+                            "Can not find variable '%s' in the scope.",
+                            client_var_name);
+    auto* client_var = scope.FindVar(client_var_name);
+    detail::RPCClient* rpc_client = client_var->GetMutable<detail::RPCClient>();
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < ins.size(); i++) {
+      if (NeedSend(scope, ins[i])) {
+        VLOG(3) << "sending " << ins[i] << " to " << epmap[i] << "to get "
+                << outs[i] << "back";
+        rpc_client->AsyncPrefetchVariable(epmap[i], ctx, scope, ins[i],
+                                          outs[i]);
+      } else {
+        VLOG(3) << "don't send no-initialied variable: " << ins[i];
+      }
+    }
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(rpc_client->Wait());
+  }
+};
+
+class PrefetchOpMaker : public framework::OpProtoAndCheckerMaker {
+ public:
+  PrefetchOpMaker(OpProto* proto, OpAttrChecker* op_checker)
+      : OpProtoAndCheckerMaker(proto, op_checker) {
+    AddInput("X", "(LoDTensor) Input Id variables to be sent").AsDuplicable();
+    AddOutput("RPCClient",
+              "(RPCClient) The RPC client object which will be"
+              "initialized at most once.");
+    AddOutput("Out",
+              "(SelectedRows) result "
+              "to be fetched from parameter server")
+        .AsDuplicable();
+    AddAttr<std::vector<std::string>>(
+        "epmap",
+        "(string vector, default 127.0.0.1:6164)"
+        "Server endpoints in the order of input variables for mapping")
+        .SetDefault({"127.0.0.1:6164"});
+    AddComment(R"DOC(
+Prefetch operator
+
+This operator will send Ids variables to listen_and_serve op at
+the parameter server and fetch result back.
+)DOC");
+  }
+};
+
+class PrefetchOpVarTypeInference : public framework::VarTypeInference {
+ public:
+  void operator()(const framework::OpDesc& op_desc,
+                  framework::BlockDesc* block) const override {
+    auto out_var_name = op_desc.Output("RPCClient").front();
+    auto& out_var = block->FindRecursiveOrCreateVar(out_var_name);
+    auto var_type = framework::proto::VarType::RAW;
+    out_var.SetType(var_type);
+  }
+};
+
+class PrefetchOpShapeInference : public framework::InferShapeBase {
+ public:
+  void operator()(framework::InferShapeContext* ctx) const override {}
+};
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle
+
+namespace ops = paddle::operators;
+
+REGISTER_OPERATOR(prefetch, ops::PrefetchOp,
+                  paddle::framework::EmptyGradOpMaker, ops::PrefetchOpMaker,
+                  ops::PrefetchOpVarTypeInference,
+                  ops::PrefetchOpShapeInference);

paddle/fluid/operators/read_op.cc

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/reader.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/detail/safe_ref.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
@@ -59,7 +60,9 @@ class ReadOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
   void RunImpl(const framework::Scope& scope,
                const platform::Place& dev_place) const override {
     framework::ReaderHolder* reader =
-        scope.FindVar(Input("Reader"))->GetMutable<framework::ReaderHolder>();
+        detail::Ref(scope.FindVar(Input("Reader")),
+                    "Cannot find reader variable %s", Input("Reader"))
+            .GetMutable<framework::ReaderHolder>();
     std::vector<std::string> out_arg_names = Outputs("Out");
     std::vector<framework::LoDTensor> ins;
     reader->ReadNext(&ins);

paddle/fluid/operators/reader/create_recordio_file_reader_op.cc

@@ -12,12 +12,15 @@
 // See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 // limitations under the License.
 
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
 #include "paddle/fluid/operators/reader/reader_op_registry.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/recordio/scanner.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
 namespace reader {
+template <bool ThreadSafe>
 class RecordIOFileReader : public framework::FileReader {
  public:
   explicit RecordIOFileReader(const std::string& filename,
@@ -25,7 +28,12 @@ class RecordIOFileReader : public framework::FileReader {
       : FileReader(dims),
         scanner_(filename),
         dev_ctx_(*platform::DeviceContextPool::Instance().Get(
-            platform::CPUPlace())) {}
+            platform::CPUPlace())) {
+    if (ThreadSafe) {
+      mutex_.reset(new std::mutex());
+    }
+    LOG(INFO) << "Creating file reader" << filename;
+  }
 
   bool HasNext() const override { return scanner_.HasNext(); }
 
@@ -33,10 +41,16 @@ class RecordIOFileReader : public framework::FileReader {
 
  protected:
   void ReadNextImpl(std::vector<framework::LoDTensor>* out) override {
+    if (ThreadSafe) {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(*mutex_);
+      *out = framework::ReadFromRecordIO(scanner_, dev_ctx_);
+    } else {
       *out = framework::ReadFromRecordIO(scanner_, dev_ctx_);
     }
+  }
 
  private:
+  std::unique_ptr<std::mutex> mutex_;
   recordio::Scanner scanner_;
   const platform::DeviceContext& dev_ctx_;
 };
@@ -59,8 +73,9 @@ class CreateRecordIOReaderOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
 
     auto* out = scope.FindVar(Output("Out"))
                     ->template GetMutable<framework::ReaderHolder>();
-    out->Reset(
-        new RecordIOFileReader(filename, RestoreShapes(shape_concat, ranks)));
+
+    out->Reset(new RecordIOFileReader<true>(
+        filename, RestoreShapes(shape_concat, ranks)));
   }
 };
 
@@ -87,4 +102,4 @@ REGISTER_FILE_READER_OPERATOR(create_recordio_file_reader,
                               reader::CreateRecordIOReaderOp,
                               reader::CreateRecordIOReaderOpMaker);
 
-REGISTER_FILE_READER(recordio, reader::RecordIOFileReader);
+REGISTER_FILE_READER(recordio, reader::RecordIOFileReader<false>);

paddle/fluid/operators/send_op.cc

@@ -12,35 +12,19 @@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
+#include <future>
 #include <ostream>
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/data_type.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/framework.pb.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
-
-#include <future>
 #include "paddle/fluid/operators/detail/grpc_client.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/profiler.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
-static bool NeedSend(const framework::Scope& scope,
-                     const std::string& varname) {
-  auto* var = scope.FindVar(varname);
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "Can not find variable '%s' in the send side.",
-                          varname);
-  if (var->IsType<framework::LoDTensor>()) {
-    return var->Get<framework::LoDTensor>().IsInitialized();
-  } else if (var->IsType<framework::SelectedRows>()) {
-    return var->Get<framework::SelectedRows>().rows().size() > 0UL;
-  } else {
-    PADDLE_THROW(
-        "Variable type in send side should be in "
-        "[LodTensor, SelectedRows]");
-  }
-  return false;
-}
 
 class SendOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
  public:

paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_op_test.cc

@@ -122,7 +122,8 @@ void StartServerNet(bool is_sparse) {
 
   // sub program run in listen_and_serv_op, for simple test we use sum
   f::ProgramDesc program;
-  f::BlockDesc *optimize_block = program.MutableBlock(0);
+  const auto &root_block = program.Block(0);
+  auto *optimize_block = program.AppendBlock(root_block);
   // X for server side tensors, RX for received tensers, must be of same shape.
   AddOp("sum", {{"X", {"x0", "x1"}}}, {{"Out", {"Out"}}}, {}, optimize_block);
 

paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h

+/* Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+
+Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+limitations under the License. */
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace operators {
+
+inline bool NeedSend(const framework::Scope& scope,
+                     const std::string& varname) {
+  auto* var = scope.FindVar(varname);
+  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "Can not find variable '%s' in the send side.",
+                          varname);
+  if (var->IsType<framework::LoDTensor>()) {
+    return var->Get<framework::LoDTensor>().IsInitialized();
+  } else if (var->IsType<framework::SelectedRows>()) {
+    return var->Get<framework::SelectedRows>().rows().size() > 0UL;
+  } else {
+    PADDLE_THROW(
+        "Variable type in send side should be in "
+        "[LodTensor, SelectedRows]");
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+}  // namespace operators
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/operators/send_vars_op.cc

@@ -12,34 +12,17 @@ WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
+#include <future>
 #include <ostream>
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/data_type.h"
-#include "paddle/fluid/framework/framework.pb.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/op_registry.h"
-
-#include <future>
 #include "paddle/fluid/operators/detail/grpc_client.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/operators/send_recv_util.h"
 
 namespace paddle {
 namespace operators {
-static bool NeedSend(const framework::Scope& scope,
-                     const std::string& varname) {
-  auto* var = scope.FindVar(varname);
-  PADDLE_ENFORCE_NOT_NULL(var, "Can not find variable '%s' in the send side.",
-                          varname);
-  if (var->IsType<framework::LoDTensor>()) {
-    return var->Get<framework::LoDTensor>().IsInitialized();
-  } else if (var->IsType<framework::SelectedRows>()) {
-    return var->Get<framework::SelectedRows>().rows().size() > 0UL;
-  } else {
-    PADDLE_THROW(
-        "Variable type in send side should be in "
-        "[LodTensor, SelectedRows]");
-  }
-  return false;
-}
 
 class SendVarsOp : public framework::OperatorBase {
  public:
@@ -95,7 +78,7 @@ Send operator
 
 This operator will send variables to listen_and_serve op at the parameter server.
 )DOC");
-    AddAttr<int>("ync_send",
+    AddAttr<int>("sync_send",
                  "(int, default 0)"
                  "sync send or async send.")
         .SetDefault(0);

paddle/fluid/platform/nccl_helper.h

+//   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <typeindex>
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/dynload/nccl.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/platform/enforce.h"
+
+namespace paddle {
+namespace platform {
+
+inline ncclDataType_t ToNCCLDataType(std::type_index type) {
+  if (type == typeid(float)) {  // NOLINT
+    return ncclFloat;
+  } else if (type == typeid(double)) {  // NOLINT
+    return ncclDouble;
+  } else if (type == typeid(int)) {  // NOLINT
+    return ncclInt;
+  } else {
+    PADDLE_THROW("Not supported");
+  }
+}
+
+class NCCLGroupGuard {
+ public:
+  inline NCCLGroupGuard() {
+    mutex().lock();
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(dynload::ncclGroupStart());
+  }
+
+  inline ~NCCLGroupGuard() {
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(dynload::ncclGroupEnd());
+    mutex().unlock();
+  }
+
+ private:
+  static std::mutex &mutex() {
+    static std::mutex mtx;
+    return mtx;
+  }
+};
+
+struct NCCLContext {
+  std::unique_ptr<CUDADeviceContext> ctx_;
+  ncclComm_t comm_;
+
+  explicit NCCLContext(int dev_id)
+      : ctx_(new CUDADeviceContext(CUDAPlace(dev_id))) {}
+
+  cudaStream_t stream() const { return ctx_->stream(); }
+
+  int device_id() const {
+    return boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(ctx_->GetPlace()).device;
+  }
+
+  static void InitNCCLContext(std::unordered_map<int, NCCLContext> &contexts,
+                              const std::vector<platform::Place> &places) {
+    std::vector<ncclComm_t> comms;
+    std::vector<int> devs;
+    comms.resize(contexts.size());
+    devs.reserve(contexts.size());
+
+    for (auto &p : places) {
+      devs.push_back(boost::get<platform::CUDAPlace>(p).device);
+    }
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::dynload::ncclCommInitAll(
+        &comms[0], static_cast<int>(contexts.size()), &devs[0]));
+
+    int i = 0;
+    for (auto &dev_id : devs) {
+      contexts.at(dev_id).comm_ = comms[i++];
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+struct NCCLContextMap {
+  std::unordered_map<int, NCCLContext> contexts_;
+  std::vector<int> order_;
+
+  NCCLContextMap(const std::vector<platform::Place> &places) {
+    order_.reserve(places.size());
+    for (auto &p : places) {
+      int dev_id = boost::get<CUDAPlace>(p).device;
+      order_.emplace_back(dev_id);
+      contexts_.emplace(dev_id, NCCLContext(dev_id));
+    }
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE_EQ(
+        order_.size(), contexts_.size(),
+        "NCCL Context Map does not support contain two or more same device");
+
+    std::vector<ncclComm_t> comms;
+    comms.resize(order_.size());
+
+    PADDLE_ENFORCE(platform::dynload::ncclCommInitAll(
+        &comms[0], static_cast<int>(order_.size()), &order_[0]));
+
+    int i = 0;
+    for (auto &dev_id : order_) {
+      contexts_.at(dev_id).comm_ = comms[i++];
+    }
+  }
+
+  CUDADeviceContext *DevCtx(int dev_id) const { return at(dev_id).ctx_.get(); }
+
+  CUDADeviceContext *DevCtx(platform::Place p) const {
+    return DevCtx(boost::get<CUDAPlace>(p).device);
+  }
+
+  const NCCLContext &at(platform::Place p) const {
+    return this->at(boost::get<CUDAPlace>(p).device);
+  }
+
+  const NCCLContext &at(int dev_id) const { return contexts_.at(dev_id); }
+
+  void WaitAll() {
+    for (auto &p : contexts_) {
+      p.second.ctx_->Wait();
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace platform
+}  // namespace paddle

paddle/fluid/platform/profiler_test.cc

@@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License. */
 
 #include "paddle/fluid/platform/profiler.h"
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+#include "cuda_runtime.h"
+#endif
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
 TEST(Event, CpuElapsedTime) {
@@ -157,3 +160,13 @@ TEST(RecordEvent, RecordEvent) {
   // Will remove parsing-related code from test later
   DisableProfiler(EventSortingKey::kTotal, "/tmp/profiler");
 }
+
+#ifdef PADDLE_WITH_CUDA
+TEST(TMP, stream_wait) {
+  cudaStream_t stream;
+  cudaStreamCreate(&stream);
+  cudaStreamSynchronize(stream);
+  cudaStreamSynchronize(stream);
+  cudaStreamSynchronize(stream);
+}
+#endif

paddle/fluid/pybind/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -3,11 +3,13 @@ if(WITH_PYTHON)
     hip_library(paddle_pybind SHARED
       SRCS pybind.cc exception.cc protobuf.cc const_value.cc recordio.cc
       DEPS pybind python backward proto_desc paddle_memory executor prune init profiler feed_fetch_method
+           parallel_executor
       ${GLOB_OP_LIB})
   else()
     cc_library(paddle_pybind SHARED
       SRCS pybind.cc exception.cc protobuf.cc const_value.cc recordio.cc
       DEPS pybind python backward proto_desc paddle_memory executor prune init profiler feed_fetch_method
+           parallel_executor
       ${GLOB_OP_LIB})
     if(NOT APPLE AND NOT ANDROID)
       target_link_libraries(paddle_pybind rt)

paddle/fluid/pybind/pybind.cc

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ limitations under the License. */
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_rank_table.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/lod_tensor_array.h"
+#include "paddle/fluid/framework/parallel_executor.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/prune.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/reader.h"
 #include "paddle/fluid/framework/selected_rows.h"
@@ -496,6 +497,20 @@ All parameter, weight, gradient are variables in Paddle.
   m.def("disable_profiler", platform::DisableProfiler);
   m.def("reset_profiler", platform::ResetProfiler);
 
+  py::class_<ParallelExecutor>(m, "ParallelExecutor")
+      .def("__init__",
+           [](ParallelExecutor &self, size_t num_threads, bool use_event,
+              const std::vector<platform::Place> &places,
+              const std::unordered_set<std::string> &params,
+              const ProgramDesc &startup_program,
+              const ProgramDesc &main_program, const std::string &loss_var_name,
+              Scope *scope) {
+             new (&self) ParallelExecutor(num_threads, use_event, places,
+                                          params, startup_program, main_program,
+                                          loss_var_name, scope);
+           })
+      .def("run", &ParallelExecutor::Run);
+
   BindRecordIOWriter(m);
   return m.ptr();
 }

paddle/scripts/docker/build.sh

@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ function cmake_gen() {
         -DWITH_FAST_BUNDLE_TEST=ON
         -DCMAKE_MODULE_PATH=/opt/rocm/hip/cmake
         -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
+        -DWITH_FLUID_ONLY=${WITH_FLUID_ONLY:-OFF}
     ========================================
 EOF
     # Disable UNITTEST_USE_VIRTUALENV in docker because
@@ -78,6 +79,7 @@ EOF
         -DWITH_TESTING=${WITH_TESTING:-ON} \
         -DWITH_FAST_BUNDLE_TEST=ON \
         -DCMAKE_MODULE_PATH=/opt/rocm/hip/cmake \
+        -DWITH_FLUID_ONLY=${WITH_FLUID_ONLY:-OFF} \
         -DCMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS=ON
 }
 
@@ -123,9 +125,8 @@ EOF
             -DWITH_AVX=${WITH_AVX:-ON} \
             -DWITH_SWIG_PY=ON \
             -DWITH_STYLE_CHECK=OFF
-        make -j `nproc` gen_proto_py framework_py_proto
-        make -j `nproc` copy_paddle_pybind
-        make -j `nproc` paddle_docs paddle_docs_cn paddle_api_docs
+
+        make -j `nproc` paddle_docs paddle_apis
         popd
     fi
 

paddle/scripts/travis/build_doc.sh

@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ cd $TRAVIS_BUILD_DIR/build
 
 # Compile Documentation only.
 cmake .. -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DWITH_GPU=OFF -DWITH_MKL=OFF -DWITH_DOC=ON -DWITH_STYLE_CHECK=OFF
-make -j `nproc` gen_proto_py framework_py_proto
-make -j `nproc` copy_paddle_pybind
-make -j `nproc` paddle_docs paddle_docs_cn paddle_api_docs
+
+make -j `nproc` paddle_docs paddle_apis
 
 # check websites for broken links
 linkchecker doc/v2/en/html/index.html

python/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -73,12 +73,13 @@ add_custom_target(paddle_python ALL DEPENDS ${paddle_python_deps})
 set(PADDLE_PYTHON_PACKAGE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/dist/)
 
 if (WITH_TESTING)
+  add_subdirectory(paddle/reader/tests)
+  add_subdirectory(paddle/dataset/tests)
   if(NOT WITH_FLUID_ONLY)
     add_subdirectory(paddle/trainer_config_helpers/tests)
     if (WITH_SWIG_PY)
       # enable v2 API unittest only when paddle swig api is compiled
       add_subdirectory(paddle/v2/tests)
-      add_subdirectory(paddle/v2/reader/tests)
       add_subdirectory(paddle/v2/plot/tests)
     endif()
   endif()

python/paddle/__init__.py

@@ -14,8 +14,14 @@
 try:
     from version import full_version as __version__
     from version import commit as __git_commit__
+
 except ImportError:
     import sys
     sys.stderr.write('''Warning with import paddle: you should not 
      import paddle from the source directory; please install paddlepaddle*.whl firstly.'''
                      )
+
+import reader
+import dataset
+import batch
+batch = batch.batch

python/paddle/v2/dataset/__init__.py → python/paddle/dataset/__init__.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ import wmt16
 import mq2007
 import flowers
 import voc2012
+import image
 
 __all__ = [
     'mnist',
@@ -43,4 +44,5 @@ __all__ = [
     'mq2007',
     'flowers',
     'voc2012',
+    'image',
 ]

python/paddle/v2/dataset/cifar.py → python/paddle/dataset/cifar.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ images per class.
 import cPickle
 import itertools
 import numpy
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import tarfile
 
 __all__ = ['train100', 'test100', 'train10', 'test10', 'convert']
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def train100():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR100_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR100_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR100_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR100_MD5),
         'train')
 
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def test100():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR100_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR100_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR100_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR100_MD5),
         'test')
 
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ def train10():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5),
         'data_batch')
 
 
@@ -120,20 +120,20 @@ def test10():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5),
         'test_batch')
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(CIFAR100_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR100_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR10_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR10_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(CIFAR100_URL, 'cifar', CIFAR100_MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
     """
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, train100(), 1000, "cifar_train100")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test100(), 1000, "cifar_test100")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, train10(), 1000, "cifar_train10")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test10(), 1000, "cifar_test10")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train100(), 1000, "cifar_train100")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test100(), 1000, "cifar_test100")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train10(), 1000, "cifar_train10")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test10(), 1000, "cifar_test10")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/common.py → python/paddle/dataset/common.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import errno
 import shutil
 import sys
 import importlib
-import paddle.v2.dataset
+import paddle.dataset
 import cPickle
 import glob
 import cPickle as pickle
@@ -105,24 +105,24 @@ def download(url, module_name, md5sum, save_name=None):
 
 def fetch_all():
     for module_name in filter(lambda x: not x.startswith("__"),
-                              dir(paddle.v2.dataset)):
+                              dir(paddle.dataset)):
         if "fetch" in dir(
-                importlib.import_module("paddle.v2.dataset.%s" % module_name)):
+                importlib.import_module("paddle.dataset.%s" % module_name)):
             getattr(
-                importlib.import_module("paddle.v2.dataset.%s" % module_name),
+                importlib.import_module("paddle.dataset.%s" % module_name),
                 "fetch")()
 
 
 def fetch_all_recordio(path):
     for module_name in filter(lambda x: not x.startswith("__"),
-                              dir(paddle.v2.dataset)):
+                              dir(paddle.dataset)):
         if "convert" in dir(
-                importlib.import_module("paddle.v2.dataset.%s" % module_name)) and \
+                importlib.import_module("paddle.dataset.%s" % module_name)) and \
                 not module_name == "common":
             ds_path = os.path.join(path, module_name)
             must_mkdirs(ds_path)
             getattr(
-                importlib.import_module("paddle.v2.dataset.%s" % module_name),
+                importlib.import_module("paddle.dataset.%s" % module_name),
                 "convert")(ds_path)
 
 
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def split(reader, line_count, suffix="%05d.pickle", dumper=cPickle.dump):
     """
     you can call the function as:
 
-    split(paddle.v2.dataset.cifar.train10(), line_count=1000,
+    split(paddle.dataset.cifar.train10(), line_count=1000,
         suffix="imikolov-train-%05d.pickle")
 
     the output files as:

python/paddle/v2/dataset/conll05.py → python/paddle/dataset/conll05.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ to initialize SRL model.
 import tarfile
 import gzip
 import itertools
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 
 __all__ = ['test, get_dict', 'get_embedding', 'convert']
 
@@ -203,14 +203,11 @@ def get_dict():
     Get the word, verb and label dictionary of Wikipedia corpus.
     """
     word_dict = load_dict(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(WORDDICT_URL, 'conll05st',
-                                          WORDDICT_MD5))
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(WORDDICT_URL, 'conll05st', WORDDICT_MD5))
     verb_dict = load_dict(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(VERBDICT_URL, 'conll05st',
-                                          VERBDICT_MD5))
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(VERBDICT_URL, 'conll05st', VERBDICT_MD5))
     label_dict = load_label_dict(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TRGDICT_URL, 'conll05st',
-                                          TRGDICT_MD5))
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(TRGDICT_URL, 'conll05st', TRGDICT_MD5))
     return word_dict, verb_dict, label_dict
 
 
@@ -218,7 +215,7 @@ def get_embedding():
     """
     Get the trained word vector based on Wikipedia corpus.
     """
-    return paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(EMB_URL, 'conll05st', EMB_MD5)
+    return paddle.dataset.common.download(EMB_URL, 'conll05st', EMB_MD5)
 
 
 def test():
@@ -235,23 +232,23 @@ def test():
     """
     word_dict, verb_dict, label_dict = get_dict()
     reader = corpus_reader(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, 'conll05st', DATA_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, 'conll05st', DATA_MD5),
         words_name='conll05st-release/test.wsj/words/test.wsj.words.gz',
         props_name='conll05st-release/test.wsj/props/test.wsj.props.gz')
     return reader_creator(reader, word_dict, verb_dict, label_dict)
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(WORDDICT_URL, 'conll05st', WORDDICT_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(VERBDICT_URL, 'conll05st', VERBDICT_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TRGDICT_URL, 'conll05st', TRGDICT_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(EMB_URL, 'conll05st', EMB_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, 'conll05st', DATA_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(WORDDICT_URL, 'conll05st', WORDDICT_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(VERBDICT_URL, 'conll05st', VERBDICT_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(TRGDICT_URL, 'conll05st', TRGDICT_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(EMB_URL, 'conll05st', EMB_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, 'conll05st', DATA_MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
     """
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "conl105_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "conl105_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "conl105_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "conl105_test")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/flowers.py → python/paddle/dataset/flowers.py

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ import functools
 from common import download
 import tarfile
 import scipy.io as scio
-from paddle.v2.image import *
-from paddle.v2.reader import *
+from paddle.dataset.image import *
+from paddle.reader import *
 import os
 import numpy as np
 from multiprocessing import cpu_count

python/paddle/v2/dataset/imdb.py → python/paddle/dataset/imdb.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ of 25,000 highly polar movie reviews for training, and 25,000 for testing.
 Besides, this module also provides API for building dictionary.
 """
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import collections
 import tarfile
 import re
@@ -37,8 +37,7 @@ def tokenize(pattern):
     Read files that match the given pattern.  Tokenize and yield each file.
     """
 
-    with tarfile.open(paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, 'imdb',
-                                                        MD5)) as tarf:
+    with tarfile.open(paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, 'imdb', MD5)) as tarf:
         # Note that we should use tarfile.next(), which does
         # sequential access of member files, other than
         # tarfile.extractfile, which does random access and might
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ def word_dict():
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, 'imdb', MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, 'imdb', MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
@@ -144,5 +143,5 @@ def convert(path):
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
     w = word_dict()
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, lambda: train(w), 1000, "imdb_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, lambda: test(w), 1000, "imdb_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, lambda: train(w), 1000, "imdb_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, lambda: test(w), 1000, "imdb_test")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/imikolov.py → python/paddle/dataset/imikolov.py

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ This module will download dataset from
 http://www.fit.vutbr.cz/~imikolov/rnnlm/ and parse training set and test set
 into paddle reader creators.
 """
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import collections
 import tarfile
 
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ def build_dict(min_word_freq=50):
     train_filename = './simple-examples/data/ptb.train.txt'
     test_filename = './simple-examples/data/ptb.valid.txt'
     with tarfile.open(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(
-                paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.URL, 'imikolov',
-                paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.MD5)) as tf:
+            paddle.dataset.common.download(paddle.dataset.imikolov.URL,
+                                           'imikolov',
+                                           paddle.dataset.imikolov.MD5)) as tf:
         trainf = tf.extractfile(train_filename)
         testf = tf.extractfile(test_filename)
         word_freq = word_count(testf, word_count(trainf))
@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ def build_dict(min_word_freq=50):
 def reader_creator(filename, word_idx, n, data_type):
     def reader():
         with tarfile.open(
-                paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(
-                    paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.URL, 'imikolov',
-                    paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.MD5)) as tf:
+                paddle.dataset.common.download(
+                    paddle.dataset.imikolov.URL, 'imikolov',
+                    paddle.dataset.imikolov.MD5)) as tf:
             f = tf.extractfile(filename)
 
             UNK = word_idx['<unk>']
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ def test(word_idx, n, data_type=DataType.NGRAM):
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, "imikolov", MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, "imikolov", MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
@@ -154,8 +154,7 @@ def convert(path):
     """
     N = 5
     word_dict = build_dict()
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path,
-                                     train(word_dict, N), 1000,
-                                     "imikolov_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path,
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path,
+                                  train(word_dict, N), 1000, "imikolov_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path,
                                   test(word_dict, N), 1000, "imikolov_test")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/mnist.py → python/paddle/dataset/mnist.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ MNIST dataset.
 This module will download dataset from http://yann.lecun.com/exdb/mnist/ and
 parse training set and test set into paddle reader creators.
 """
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import subprocess
 import numpy
 import platform
@@ -85,9 +85,9 @@ def train():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist',
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist',
                                        TRAIN_IMAGE_MD5),
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_LABEL_URL, 'mnist',
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_LABEL_URL, 'mnist',
                                        TRAIN_LABEL_MD5), 100)
 
 
@@ -102,22 +102,21 @@ def test():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TEST_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist',
-                                          TEST_IMAGE_MD5),
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TEST_LABEL_URL, 'mnist',
-                                          TEST_LABEL_MD5), 100)
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(TEST_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist', TEST_IMAGE_MD5),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(TEST_LABEL_URL, 'mnist', TEST_LABEL_MD5),
+        100)
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist', TRAIN_IMAGE_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_LABEL_URL, 'mnist', TRAIN_LABEL_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TEST_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist', TEST_IMAGE_MD5)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(TEST_LABEL_URL, 'mnist', TRAIN_LABEL_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist', TRAIN_IMAGE_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(TRAIN_LABEL_URL, 'mnist', TRAIN_LABEL_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(TEST_IMAGE_URL, 'mnist', TEST_IMAGE_MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(TEST_LABEL_URL, 'mnist', TRAIN_LABEL_MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
     """
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, train(), 1000, "minist_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "minist_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train(), 1000, "minist_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "minist_test")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/movielens.py → python/paddle/dataset/movielens.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ set and test set into paddle reader creators.
 """
 
 import zipfile
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import re
 import random
 import functools
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ USER_INFO = None
 
 
 def __initialize_meta_info__():
-    fn = paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, "movielens", MD5)
+    fn = paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, "movielens", MD5)
     global MOVIE_INFO
     if MOVIE_INFO is None:
         pattern = re.compile(r'^(.*)\((\d+)\)$')
@@ -247,15 +247,15 @@ def unittest():
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, "movielens", MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, "movielens", MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
     """
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, train(), 1000, "movielens_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "movielens_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train(), 1000, "movielens_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "movielens_test")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

python/paddle/v2/dataset/sentiment.py → python/paddle/dataset/sentiment.py

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ from itertools import chain
 import nltk
 from nltk.corpus import movie_reviews
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 
 __all__ = ['train', 'test', 'get_word_dict', 'convert']
 NUM_TRAINING_INSTANCES = 1600
@@ -39,13 +39,13 @@ def download_data_if_not_yet():
     """
     try:
         # make sure that nltk can find the data
-        if paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME not in nltk.data.path:
-            nltk.data.path.append(paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME)
+        if paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME not in nltk.data.path:
+            nltk.data.path.append(paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME)
         movie_reviews.categories()
     except LookupError:
         print "Downloading movie_reviews data set, please wait....."
         nltk.download(
-            'movie_reviews', download_dir=paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME)
+            'movie_reviews', download_dir=paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME)
         print "Download data set success....."
         print "Path is " + nltk.data.find('corpora/movie_reviews').path
 
@@ -129,13 +129,12 @@ def test():
 
 
 def fetch():
-    nltk.download(
-        'movie_reviews', download_dir=paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME)
+    nltk.download('movie_reviews', download_dir=paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME)
 
 
 def convert(path):
     """
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, train, 1000, "sentiment_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test, 1000, "sentiment_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train, 1000, "sentiment_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test, 1000, "sentiment_test")

python/paddle/dataset/tests/CMakeLists.txt

+py_test(test_image SRCS test_image.py)

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/cifar_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/cifar_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.cifar
+import paddle.dataset.cifar
 import unittest
 
 
@@ -29,25 +29,25 @@ class TestCIFAR(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_test10(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.cifar.test10())
+            paddle.dataset.cifar.test10())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 10000)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 9)
 
     def test_train10(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.cifar.train10())
+            paddle.dataset.cifar.train10())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 50000)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 9)
 
     def test_test100(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.cifar.test100())
+            paddle.dataset.cifar.test100())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 10000)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 99)
 
     def test_train100(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.cifar.train100())
+            paddle.dataset.cifar.train100())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 50000)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 99)
 

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/common_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/common_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 import unittest
 import tempfile
 import glob
@@ -24,14 +24,14 @@ class TestCommon(unittest.TestCase):
         with open(temp_path, 'w') as f:
             f.write("Hello\n")
         self.assertEqual('09f7e02f1290be211da707a266f153b3',
-                         paddle.v2.dataset.common.md5file(temp_path))
+                         paddle.dataset.common.md5file(temp_path))
 
     def test_download(self):
         yi_avatar = 'https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1548775?v=3&s=460'
         self.assertEqual(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME + '/test/1548775?v=3&s=460',
-            paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(
-                yi_avatar, 'test', 'f75287202d6622414c706c36c16f8e0d'))
+            paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME + '/test/1548775?v=3&s=460',
+            paddle.dataset.common.download(yi_avatar, 'test',
+                                           'f75287202d6622414c706c36c16f8e0d'))
 
     def test_split(self):
         def test_reader():
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class TestCommon(unittest.TestCase):
             return reader
 
         _, temp_path = tempfile.mkstemp()
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.split(
+        paddle.dataset.common.split(
             test_reader(), 4, suffix=temp_path + '/test-%05d.pickle')
         files = glob.glob(temp_path + '/test-%05d.pickle')
         self.assertEqual(len(files), 3)
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class TestCommon(unittest.TestCase):
         for x in xrange(5):
             with open(temp_path + '/%05d.test' % x) as f:
                 f.write('%d\n' % x)
-        reader = paddle.v2.dataset.common.cluster_files_reader(
+        reader = paddle.dataset.common.cluster_files_reader(
             temp_path + '/*.test', 5, 0)
         for idx, e in enumerate(reader()):
             self.assertEqual(e, str("0"))
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ class TestCommon(unittest.TestCase):
             return reader
 
         path = tempfile.mkdtemp()
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path,
+        paddle.dataset.common.convert(path,
                                       test_reader(), num_shards,
                                       'random_images')
 

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/flowers_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/flowers_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.flowers
+import paddle.dataset.flowers
 import unittest
 
 
@@ -30,19 +30,19 @@ class TestFlowers(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_train(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.flowers.train())
+            paddle.dataset.flowers.train())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 6149)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 102)
 
     def test_test(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.flowers.test())
+            paddle.dataset.flowers.test())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 1020)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 102)
 
     def test_valid(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.flowers.valid())
+            paddle.dataset.flowers.valid())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 1020)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 102)
 

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/imdb_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/imdb_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.imdb
+import paddle.dataset.imdb
 import unittest
 import re
 
@@ -30,15 +30,13 @@ class TestIMDB(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_build_dict(self):
         if self.word_idx == None:
-            self.word_idx = paddle.v2.dataset.imdb.build_dict(TRAIN_PATTERN,
-                                                              150)
+            self.word_idx = paddle.dataset.imdb.build_dict(TRAIN_PATTERN, 150)
 
         self.assertEqual(len(self.word_idx), 7036)
 
     def check_dataset(self, dataset, expected_size):
         if self.word_idx == None:
-            self.word_idx = paddle.v2.dataset.imdb.build_dict(TRAIN_PATTERN,
-                                                              150)
+            self.word_idx = paddle.dataset.imdb.build_dict(TRAIN_PATTERN, 150)
 
         sum = 0
         for l in dataset(self.word_idx):
@@ -47,10 +45,10 @@ class TestIMDB(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(sum, expected_size)
 
     def test_train(self):
-        self.check_dataset(paddle.v2.dataset.imdb.train, 25000)
+        self.check_dataset(paddle.dataset.imdb.train, 25000)
 
     def test_test(self):
-        self.check_dataset(paddle.v2.dataset.imdb.test, 25000)
+        self.check_dataset(paddle.dataset.imdb.test, 25000)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/imikolov_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/imikolov_test.py

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov
+import paddle.dataset.imikolov
 import unittest
 
-WORD_DICT = paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.build_dict()
+WORD_DICT = paddle.dataset.imikolov.build_dict()
 
 
 class TestMikolov(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class TestMikolov(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_train(self):
         n = 5
-        self.check_reader(paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.train(WORD_DICT, n), n)
+        self.check_reader(paddle.dataset.imikolov.train(WORD_DICT, n), n)
 
         first_line = 'aer banknote berlitz calloway centrust cluett fromstein '\
             'gitano guterman hydro-quebec ipo kia memotec mlx nahb punts '\
@@ -34,16 +34,16 @@ class TestMikolov(unittest.TestCase):
             WORD_DICT.get(ch, WORD_DICT['<unk>'])
             for ch in first_line.split(' ')
         ]
-        for l in paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.train(
+        for l in paddle.dataset.imikolov.train(
                 WORD_DICT, n=-1,
-                data_type=paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.DataType.SEQ)():
+                data_type=paddle.dataset.imikolov.DataType.SEQ)():
             read_line = l[0][1:]
             break
         self.assertEqual(first_line, read_line)
 
     def test_test(self):
         n = 5
-        self.check_reader(paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.test(WORD_DICT, n), n)
+        self.check_reader(paddle.dataset.imikolov.test(WORD_DICT, n), n)
 
         first_line = 'consumers may want to move their telephones a little '\
                 'closer to the tv set'
@@ -51,9 +51,9 @@ class TestMikolov(unittest.TestCase):
             WORD_DICT.get(ch, WORD_DICT['<unk>'])
             for ch in first_line.split(' ')
         ]
-        for l in paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.test(
+        for l in paddle.dataset.imikolov.test(
                 WORD_DICT, n=-1,
-                data_type=paddle.v2.dataset.imikolov.DataType.SEQ)():
+                data_type=paddle.dataset.imikolov.DataType.SEQ)():
             read_line = l[0][1:]
             break
         self.assertEqual(first_line, read_line)

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/mnist_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/mnist_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mnist
+import paddle.dataset.mnist
 import unittest
 
 
@@ -29,13 +29,13 @@ class TestMNIST(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_train(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.mnist.train())
+            paddle.dataset.mnist.train())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 60000)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 9)
 
     def test_test(self):
         instances, max_label_value = self.check_reader(
-            paddle.v2.dataset.mnist.test())
+            paddle.dataset.mnist.test())
         self.assertEqual(instances, 10000)
         self.assertEqual(max_label_value, 9)
 

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/mq2007_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/mq2007_test.py

@@ -12,19 +12,19 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mq2007
+import paddle.dataset.mq2007
 import unittest
 
 
 class TestMQ2007(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_pairwise(self):
-        for label, query_left, query_right in paddle.v2.dataset.mq2007.test(
+        for label, query_left, query_right in paddle.dataset.mq2007.test(
                 format="pairwise"):
             self.assertEqual(query_left.shape(), (46, ))
             self.assertEqual(query_right.shape(), (46, ))
 
     def test_listwise(self):
-        for label_array, query_array in paddle.v2.dataset.mq2007.test(
+        for label_array, query_array in paddle.dataset.mq2007.test(
                 format="listwise"):
             self.assertEqual(len(label_array), len(query_array))
 

python/paddle/v2/tests/test_image.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/test_image.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 
-import paddle.v2.image as image
+import paddle.dataset.image as image
 
 
 class Image(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/test_sentiment.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/test_sentiment.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 import unittest
 import nltk
-import paddle.v2.dataset.sentiment as st
+import paddle.dataset.sentiment as st
 from nltk.corpus import movie_reviews
 
 

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/voc2012_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/voc2012_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.voc2012
+import paddle.dataset.voc2012
 import unittest
 
 
@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ class TestVOC(unittest.TestCase):
         return sum
 
     def test_train(self):
-        count = self.check_reader(paddle.v2.dataset.voc_seg.train())
+        count = self.check_reader(paddle.dataset.voc_seg.train())
         self.assertEqual(count, 2913)
 
     def test_test(self):
-        count = self.check_reader(paddle.v2.dataset.voc_seg.test())
+        count = self.check_reader(paddle.dataset.voc_seg.test())
         self.assertEqual(count, 1464)
 
     def test_val(self):
-        count = self.check_reader(paddle.v2.dataset.voc_seg.val())
+        count = self.check_reader(paddle.dataset.voc_seg.val())
         self.assertEqual(count, 1449)
 
 

python/paddle/v2/dataset/tests/wmt16_test.py → python/paddle/dataset/tests/wmt16_test.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.wmt16
+import paddle.dataset.wmt16
 import unittest
 
 
@@ -34,28 +34,28 @@ class TestWMT16(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_train(self):
         for idx, sample in enumerate(
-                paddle.v2.dataset.wmt16.train(
+                paddle.dataset.wmt16.train(
                     src_dict_size=100000, trg_dict_size=100000)()):
             if idx >= 10: break
             self.checkout_one_sample(sample)
 
     def test_test(self):
         for idx, sample in enumerate(
-                paddle.v2.dataset.wmt16.test(
+                paddle.dataset.wmt16.test(
                     src_dict_size=1000, trg_dict_size=1000)()):
             if idx >= 10: break
             self.checkout_one_sample(sample)
 
     def test_val(self):
         for idx, sample in enumerate(
-                paddle.v2.dataset.wmt16.validation(
+                paddle.dataset.wmt16.validation(
                     src_dict_size=1000, trg_dict_size=1000)()):
             if idx >= 10: break
             self.checkout_one_sample(sample)
 
     def test_get_dict(self):
         dict_size = 1000
-        word_dict = paddle.v2.dataset.wmt16.get_dict("en", dict_size, True)
+        word_dict = paddle.dataset.wmt16.get_dict("en", dict_size, True)
         self.assertEqual(len(word_dict), dict_size)
         self.assertEqual(word_dict[0], "<s>")
         self.assertEqual(word_dict[1], "<e>")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/uci_housing.py → python/paddle/dataset/uci_housing.py

@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ parse training set and test set into paddle reader creators.
 
 import numpy as np
 import os
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
-from paddle.v2.parameters import Parameters
+import paddle.dataset.common
 
 __all__ = ['train', 'test']
 
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ def train():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     global UCI_TRAIN_DATA
-    load_data(paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5))
+    load_data(paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5))
 
     def reader():
         for d in UCI_TRAIN_DATA:
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ def test():
     :rtype: callable
     """
     global UCI_TEST_DATA
-    load_data(paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5))
+    load_data(paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5))
 
     def reader():
         for d in UCI_TEST_DATA:
@@ -114,21 +113,13 @@ def test():
     return reader
 
 
-def model():
-    tar_file = paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_MODEL, 'fit_a_line.tar',
-                                                 MD5_MODEL)
-    with open(tar_file, 'r') as f:
-        parameters = Parameters.from_tar(f)
-    return parameters
-
-
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(URL, 'uci_housing', MD5)
 
 
 def convert(path):
     """
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, train(), 1000, "uci_housing_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "uci_houseing_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train(), 1000, "uci_housing_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test(), 1000, "uci_houseing_test")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/voc2012.py → python/paddle/dataset/voc2012.py

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ with segmentation has been increased from 7,062 to 9,993.
 import tarfile
 import io
 import numpy as np
-from paddle.v2.dataset.common import download
-from paddle.v2.image import *
+from paddle.dataset.common import download
+from paddle.dataset.image import *
 from PIL import Image
 
 __all__ = ['train', 'test', 'val']

python/paddle/v2/dataset/wmt14.py → python/paddle/dataset/wmt14.py

@@ -22,8 +22,7 @@ parse training set and test set into paddle reader creators.
 import tarfile
 import gzip
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
-from paddle.v2.parameters import Parameters
+import paddle.dataset.common
 
 __all__ = [
     'train',
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@ def train(dict_size):
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN),
         'train/train', dict_size)
 
 
@@ -139,27 +138,20 @@ def test(dict_size):
     :rtype: callable
     """
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN),
         'test/test', dict_size)
 
 
 def gen(dict_size):
     return reader_creator(
-        paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN),
+        paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN),
         'gen/gen', dict_size)
 
 
-def model():
-    tar_file = paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_MODEL, 'wmt14', MD5_MODEL)
-    with gzip.open(tar_file, 'r') as f:
-        parameters = Parameters.from_tar(f)
-    return parameters
-
-
 def get_dict(dict_size, reverse=True):
     # if reverse = False, return dict = {'a':'001', 'b':'002', ...}
     # else reverse = true, return dict = {'001':'a', '002':'b', ...}
-    tar_file = paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN)
+    tar_file = paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN)
     src_dict, trg_dict = __read_to_dict(tar_file, dict_size)
     if reverse:
         src_dict = {v: k for k, v in src_dict.items()}
@@ -168,8 +160,8 @@ def get_dict(dict_size, reverse=True):
 
 
 def fetch():
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN)
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(URL_MODEL, 'wmt14', MD5_MODEL)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_TRAIN, 'wmt14', MD5_TRAIN)
+    paddle.dataset.common.download(URL_MODEL, 'wmt14', MD5_MODEL)
 
 
 def convert(path):
@@ -177,6 +169,5 @@ def convert(path):
     Converts dataset to recordio format
     """
     dict_size = 30000
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path,
-                                     train(dict_size), 1000, "wmt14_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(path, test(dict_size), 1000, "wmt14_test")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, train(dict_size), 1000, "wmt14_train")
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(path, test(dict_size), 1000, "wmt14_test")

python/paddle/v2/dataset/wmt16.py → python/paddle/dataset/wmt16.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import tarfile
 import gzip
 from collections import defaultdict
 
-import paddle.v2.dataset.common
+import paddle.dataset.common
 
 __all__ = [
     "train",
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ def __build_dict(tar_file, dict_size, save_path, lang):
 
 
 def __load_dict(tar_file, dict_size, lang, reverse=False):
-    dict_path = os.path.join(paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME,
+    dict_path = os.path.join(paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME,
                              "wmt16/%s_%d.dict" % (lang, dict_size))
     if not os.path.exists(dict_path) or (
             len(open(dict_path, "r").readlines()) != dict_size):
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def train(src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang="en"):
                                                    src_lang)
 
     return reader_creator(
-        tar_file=paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, "wmt16", DATA_MD5,
+        tar_file=paddle.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, "wmt16", DATA_MD5,
                                                 "wmt16.tar.gz"),
         file_name="wmt16/train",
         src_dict_size=src_dict_size,
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def test(src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang="en"):
                                                    src_lang)
 
     return reader_creator(
-        tar_file=paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, "wmt16", DATA_MD5,
+        tar_file=paddle.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, "wmt16", DATA_MD5,
                                                 "wmt16.tar.gz"),
         file_name="wmt16/test",
         src_dict_size=src_dict_size,
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ def validation(src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang="en"):
                                                    src_lang)
 
     return reader_creator(
-        tar_file=paddle.v2.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, "wmt16", DATA_MD5,
+        tar_file=paddle.dataset.common.download(DATA_URL, "wmt16", DATA_MD5,
                                                 "wmt16.tar.gz"),
         file_name="wmt16/val",
         src_dict_size=src_dict_size,
@@ -303,12 +303,12 @@ def get_dict(lang, dict_size, reverse=False):
     if lang == "en": dict_size = min(dict_size, TOTAL_EN_WORDS)
     else: dict_size = min(dict_size, TOTAL_DE_WORDS)
 
-    dict_path = os.path.join(paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME,
+    dict_path = os.path.join(paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME,
                              "wmt16/%s_%d.dict" % (lang, dict_size))
     assert os.path.exists(dict_path), "Word dictionary does not exist. "
     "Please invoke paddle.dataset.wmt16.train/test/validation first "
     "to build the dictionary."
-    tar_file = os.path.join(paddle.v2.dataset.common.DATA_HOME, "wmt16.tar.gz")
+    tar_file = os.path.join(paddle.dataset.common.DATA_HOME, "wmt16.tar.gz")
     return __load_dict(tar_file, dict_size, lang, reverse)
 
 
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ def convert(path, src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang):
     """Converts dataset to recordio format.
     """
 
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(
         path,
         train(
             src_dict_size=src_dict_size,
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ def convert(path, src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang):
             src_lang=src_lang),
         1000,
         "wmt16_train")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(
         path,
         test(
             src_dict_size=src_dict_size,
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ def convert(path, src_dict_size, trg_dict_size, src_lang):
             src_lang=src_lang),
         1000,
         "wmt16_test")
-    paddle.v2.dataset.common.convert(
+    paddle.dataset.common.convert(
         path,
         validation(
             src_dict_size=src_dict_size,

python/paddle/fluid/__init__.py

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ from memory_optimization_transpiler import memory_optimize, release_memory
 import profiler
 import unique_name
 import recordio_writer
+from parallel_executor import ParallelExecutor
 
 Tensor = LoDTensor
 
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ __all__ = framework.__all__ + executor.__all__ + concurrency.__all__ + [
     'profiler',
     'unique_name',
     'recordio_writer',
+    'ParallelExecutor',
 ]
 
 

python/paddle/fluid/distribute_transpiler.py

@@ -338,15 +338,24 @@ class DistributeTranspiler:
             else:
                 self._append_pserver_non_opt_ops(block, op)
 
+        append_block = optimize_block
+        # append lr decay ops to the child block if exits
+        lr_ops = self._get_lr_ops()
+        if len(lr_ops) > 0:
+            for _, op in enumerate(lr_ops):
+                self._append_pserver_non_opt_ops(append_block, op)
+
+            append_block = pserver_program.create_block(append_block.idx)
+
         # append op to the current block
-        per_opt_block = optimize_block
+        per_opt_block = append_block
         for _, opt_op in enumerate(opt_op_on_pserver):
             for _, op in enumerate(self.optimize_ops):
                 # optimizer is connected to itself
                 if ufind.is_connected(op, opt_op) and \
                     op not in global_ops:
                     __append_optimize_op__(op, per_opt_block)
-            per_opt_block = pserver_program.create_block(0)
+            per_opt_block = pserver_program.create_block(append_block.idx)
 
         # append global ops
         for glb_op in global_ops:
@@ -786,3 +795,33 @@ class DistributeTranspiler:
             else:
                 iomap[key] = vars
         return iomap
+
+    def _get_lr_ops(self):
+        lr_ops = []
+        # find learning rate variables by optimize op
+        lr_vars = set()
+        for op in self.optimize_ops:
+            if self._is_opt_op(op):
+                lr_vars.add(op.input("LearningRate")[0])
+
+        find_ops = []
+        # find ops which output is lr var
+        block = self.program.global_block()
+        for op in block.ops:
+            if set(op.output_arg_names) & lr_vars:
+                find_ops.append(op)
+        # make a union find struct by the ops in default_main_program
+        ufind = UnionFind(block.ops)
+        for op1 in block.ops:
+            for op2 in block.ops:
+                # NOTE: we need to skip all optimize ops, since it is connected
+                # with forward/backward ops and lr ops, we only need the lr ops.
+                if op1 != op2 and self._is_op_connected(op1, op2) and \
+                    not self._is_opt_op(op1) and not self._is_opt_op(op2):
+                    ufind.union(op1, op2)
+        # find all ops which is related with lr var
+        for op1 in block.ops:
+            for op2 in find_ops:
+                if ufind.is_connected(op1, op2):
+                    lr_ops.append(op1)
+        return lr_ops

python/paddle/fluid/layers/control_flow.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from tensor import assign, fill_constant
 from .. import core
 from ..framework import Program, Variable, Operator
 from ..layer_helper import LayerHelper, unique_name
+from ..initializer import force_init_on_cpu
 from ops import logical_and, logical_not, logical_or
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -949,7 +950,7 @@ def create_array(dtype):
         dtype=dtype)
 
 
-def less_than(x, y, cond=None, **ignored):
+def less_than(x, y, force_cpu=True, cond=None, **ignored):
     """
     **Less than**
 
@@ -958,6 +959,7 @@ def less_than(x, y, cond=None, **ignored):
     Args:
         x(Variable): First operand of *less_than*
         y(Variable): Second operand of *less_than*
+        force_cpu(Bool|True): The output data will be on CPU if set true.
         cond(Variable|None): Optional output variable to store the result of *less_than*
 
     Returns:
@@ -974,8 +976,11 @@ def less_than(x, y, cond=None, **ignored):
         cond.stop_gradient = True
 
     helper.append_op(
-        type='less_than', inputs={'X': [x],
-                                  'Y': [y]}, outputs={'Out': [cond]})
+        type='less_than',
+        inputs={'X': [x],
+                'Y': [y]},
+        outputs={'Out': [cond]},
+        attrs={'force_cpu': force_cpu or force_init_on_cpu()})
     return cond
 
 
@@ -1396,7 +1401,8 @@ class DynamicRNN(object):
                 type='less_than',
                 inputs={'X': self.step_idx,
                         'Y': self.max_seq_len},
-                outputs={'Out': self.cond})
+                outputs={'Out': self.cond},
+                attrs={'force_cpu': True})
 
         input_array = parent_block.create_var(
             name=unique_name.generate('dynamic_rnn_input_array'),
@@ -1445,7 +1451,11 @@ class DynamicRNN(object):
             for new_mem, mem_array in self.mem_link:
                 array_write(x=new_mem, i=self.step_idx, array=mem_array)
 
-            less_than(x=self.step_idx, y=self.max_seq_len, cond=self.cond)
+            less_than(
+                x=self.step_idx,
+                y=self.max_seq_len,
+                force_cpu=True,
+                cond=self.cond)
 
         self.status = DynamicRNN.AFTER_RNN
         for each_array in self.output_array:

python/paddle/fluid/parallel_executor.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import core
+import multiprocessing
+import framework
+import executor
+
+__all__ = ['ParallelExecutor']
+
+
+class ParallelExecutor(object):
+    def __init__(self, loss_name, use_cuda, num_threads=None):
+        places = []
+        if use_cuda:
+            for i in xrange(core.get_cuda_device_count()):
+                p = core.Place()
+                p.set_place(core.CUDAPlace(i))
+                places.append(p)
+        else:
+            for i in xrange(multiprocessing.cpu_count()):
+                p = core.Place()
+                p.set_place(core.CPUPlace())
+                places.append(p)
+
+        if num_threads is None:
+            num_threads = min(len(places) * 2, multiprocessing.cpu_count())
+
+        startup = framework.default_startup_program()
+        main = framework.default_main_program()
+        scope = executor.global_scope()
+
+        self.executor = core.ParallelExecutor(
+            num_threads,
+            True if use_cuda else False,  # use_event
+            places,
+            set([
+                p.name for p in main.global_block().iter_parameters()
+                if not p.stop_gradient
+            ]),
+            startup.desc,
+            main.desc,
+            loss_name,
+            scope)
+        self.scope = scope
+
+    def run(self, fetch_list):
+        fetch_var_name = '@FETCHED_VAR_NAME@'
+        self.executor.run(fetch_list, fetch_var_name)
+        arr = self.scope.find_var(fetch_var_name).get_lod_tensor_array()
+        return [arr[i] for i in range(len(arr))]

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/notest_rnn_encoder_decoer.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 import paddle.fluid.framework as framework

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_fit_a_line.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import contextlib
 import numpy

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_image_classification.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import print_function
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import contextlib
 import math

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_label_semantic_roles.py

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 import math
 
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-import paddle.v2.dataset.conll05 as conll05
+import paddle
+import paddle.dataset.conll05 as conll05
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 from paddle.fluid.initializer import init_on_cpu
 import contextlib

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_machine_translation.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 import contextlib
 
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import paddle.fluid.framework as framework
 import paddle.fluid.layers as pd

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_recognize_digits.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 from __future__ import print_function
 import argparse
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import sys
 import numpy
 import unittest

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_recommender_system.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import math
 import sys
 import os
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import paddle.fluid.framework as framework
 import paddle.fluid.layers as layers

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_understand_sentiment.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import unittest
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import contextlib
 import math
 import numpy as np

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book/test_word2vec.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import unittest
 import os

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_fit_a_line.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import math
 import sys

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_image_classification_train.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ from __future__ import print_function
 
 import sys
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import math
 import sys

python/paddle/fluid/tests/book_memory_optimization/test_memopt_machine_translation.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 import paddle.fluid.framework as framework

python/paddle/fluid/tests/demo/fc_gan.py

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import os
 import matplotlib
 import numpy
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 
 matplotlib.use('Agg')

python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_cpp_reader.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 import numpy as np
 import sys

python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_error_clip.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import print_function
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 
 BATCH_SIZE = 128

python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_gradient_clip.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 
 BATCH_SIZE = 128

python/paddle/fluid/tests/test_mnist_if_else_op.py

@@ -12,12 +12,12 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid.layers as layers
 from paddle.fluid.framework import Program, program_guard, default_main_program, default_startup_program
 from paddle.fluid.executor import Executor
 from paddle.fluid.optimizer import MomentumOptimizer
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/.gitignore

@@ -2,3 +2,5 @@ mnist.recordio
 mnist_0.recordio
 mnist_1.recordio
 mnist_2.recordio
+flowers.recordio
+wmt16.recordio

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dyn_rnn.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import unittest
 import numpy
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_dynrnn_static_input.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import unittest
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
+import paddle
 import paddle.fluid.core as core
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
 from paddle.fluid.backward import append_backward

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_multi_pass_reader.py

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 import unittest
 
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mnist as mnist
+import paddle
+import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
 
 
 class TestMultipleReader(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_multiple_reader.py

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 import unittest
 
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mnist as mnist
+import paddle
+import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
 from shutil import copyfile
 
 

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_parallel_executor.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import numpy
+import unittest
+
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+import paddle
+import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
+import paddle.dataset.wmt16 as wmt16
+
+
+def simple_fc_net():
+    reader = fluid.layers.open_recordio_file(
+        filename='./mnist.recordio',
+        shapes=[[-1, 784], [-1, 1]],
+        lod_levels=[0, 0],
+        dtypes=['float32', 'int64'])
+    img, label = fluid.layers.read_file(reader)
+    hidden = img
+    for _ in xrange(4):
+        hidden = fluid.layers.fc(
+            hidden,
+            size=200,
+            act='tanh',
+            bias_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(
+                initializer=fluid.initializer.Constant(value=1.0)))
+    prediction = fluid.layers.fc(hidden, size=10, act='softmax')
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+    loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return loss
+
+
+def fc_with_batchnorm():
+    reader = fluid.layers.open_recordio_file(
+        filename='./mnist.recordio',
+        shapes=[[-1, 784], [-1, 1]],
+        lod_levels=[0, 0],
+        dtypes=['float32', 'int64'])
+    img, label = fluid.layers.read_file(reader)
+    hidden = img
+    for _ in xrange(1):
+        hidden = fluid.layers.fc(
+            hidden,
+            size=200,
+            act='tanh',
+            bias_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(
+                initializer=fluid.initializer.Constant(value=1.0)))
+
+        hidden = fluid.layers.batch_norm(input=hidden)
+
+    prediction = fluid.layers.fc(hidden, size=10, act='softmax')
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+    loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return loss
+
+
+def squeeze_excitation(input, num_channels, reduction_ratio):
+    # pool = fluid.layers.pool2d(
+    #    input=input, pool_size=0, pool_type='avg', global_pooling=True)
+    conv = input
+    shape = conv.shape
+    reshape = fluid.layers.reshape(
+        x=conv, shape=[-1, shape[1], shape[2] * shape[3]])
+    pool = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(input=reshape, dim=2)
+
+    squeeze = fluid.layers.fc(input=pool,
+                              size=num_channels / reduction_ratio,
+                              act='relu')
+    excitation = fluid.layers.fc(input=squeeze,
+                                 size=num_channels,
+                                 act='sigmoid')
+    scale = fluid.layers.elementwise_mul(x=input, y=excitation, axis=0)
+    return scale
+
+
+def conv_bn_layer(input, num_filters, filter_size, stride=1, groups=1,
+                  act=None):
+    conv = fluid.layers.conv2d(
+        input=input,
+        num_filters=num_filters,
+        filter_size=filter_size,
+        stride=stride,
+        padding=(filter_size - 1) / 2,
+        groups=groups,
+        act=None,
+        bias_attr=False)
+    return fluid.layers.batch_norm(input=conv, act=act, momentum=0.1)
+
+
+def shortcut(input, ch_out, stride):
+    ch_in = input.shape[1]
+    if ch_in != ch_out:
+        if stride == 1:
+            filter_size = 1
+        else:
+            filter_size = 3
+        return conv_bn_layer(input, ch_out, filter_size, stride)
+    else:
+        return input
+
+
+def bottleneck_block(input, num_filters, stride, cardinality, reduction_ratio):
+    # The number of first 1x1 convolutional channels for each bottleneck build block
+    # was halved to reduce the compution cost.
+    conv0 = conv_bn_layer(
+        input=input, num_filters=num_filters, filter_size=1, act='relu')
+    conv1 = conv_bn_layer(
+        input=conv0,
+        num_filters=num_filters * 2,
+        filter_size=3,
+        stride=stride,
+        groups=cardinality,
+        act='relu')
+    conv2 = conv_bn_layer(
+        input=conv1, num_filters=num_filters * 2, filter_size=1, act=None)
+    scale = squeeze_excitation(
+        input=conv2,
+        num_channels=num_filters * 2,
+        reduction_ratio=reduction_ratio)
+
+    short = shortcut(input, num_filters * 2, stride)
+
+    return fluid.layers.elementwise_add(x=short, y=scale, act='relu')
+
+
+def SE_ResNeXt152(batch_size=4):
+    img = fluid.layers.fill_constant(
+        shape=[batch_size, 3, 224, 224], dtype='float32', value=0.0)
+    label = fluid.layers.fill_constant(
+        shape=[batch_size, 1], dtype='int64', value=0.0)
+
+    conv = conv_bn_layer(
+        input=img, num_filters=64, filter_size=3, stride=2, act='relu')
+    conv = conv_bn_layer(
+        input=conv, num_filters=64, filter_size=3, stride=1, act='relu')
+    conv = conv_bn_layer(
+        input=conv, num_filters=128, filter_size=3, stride=1, act='relu')
+    conv = fluid.layers.pool2d(
+        input=conv, pool_size=3, pool_stride=2, pool_padding=1, pool_type='max')
+
+    cardinality = 64
+    reduction_ratio = 16
+    depth = [3, 8, 36, 3]
+    num_filters = [128, 256, 512, 1024]
+
+    for block in range(len(depth)):
+        for i in range(depth[block]):
+            conv = bottleneck_block(
+                input=conv,
+                num_filters=num_filters[block],
+                stride=2 if i == 0 and block != 0 else 1,
+                cardinality=cardinality,
+                reduction_ratio=reduction_ratio)
+
+    shape = conv.shape
+    reshape = fluid.layers.reshape(
+        x=conv, shape=[-1, shape[1], shape[2] * shape[3]])
+    pool = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(input=reshape, dim=2)
+    dropout = fluid.layers.dropout(x=pool, dropout_prob=0.2)
+    # Classifier layer:
+    prediction = fluid.layers.fc(input=dropout, size=1000, act='softmax')
+    loss = fluid.layers.cross_entropy(input=prediction, label=label)
+    loss = fluid.layers.mean(loss)
+    return loss
+
+
+import time
+
+
+class TestParallelExecutorBase(unittest.TestCase):
+    def check_network_convergence(self,
+                                  method,
+                                  memory_opt=True,
+                                  iter=10,
+                                  batch_size=None):
+        main = fluid.Program()
+        startup = fluid.Program()
+        with fluid.program_guard(main, startup):
+            loss = method()
+            adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam()
+            adam.minimize(loss)
+            if memory_opt:
+                fluid.memory_optimize(main)
+
+            exe = fluid.ParallelExecutor(loss_name=loss.name, use_cuda=True)
+            if batch_size is not None:
+                batch_size *= fluid.core.get_cuda_device_count()
+            begin = time.time()
+            first_loss, = exe.run([loss.name])
+            first_loss = numpy.array(first_loss)
+
+            for i in xrange(iter):
+                exe.run([])
+
+            last_loss, = exe.run([loss.name])
+            end = time.time()
+
+            if batch_size is not None:
+                print "%.4f Instance per second" % (
+                    (batch_size * iter + 2) / (end - begin))
+
+            last_loss = numpy.array(last_loss)
+
+            print first_loss, last_loss
+            # self.assertGreater(first_loss[0], last_loss[0])
+
+
+class TestMNIST(TestParallelExecutorBase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        # Convert mnist to recordio file
+        with fluid.program_guard(fluid.Program(), fluid.Program()):
+            reader = paddle.batch(mnist.train(), batch_size=32)
+            feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(
+                feed_list=[  # order is image and label
+                    fluid.layers.data(
+                        name='image', shape=[784]),
+                    fluid.layers.data(
+                        name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64'),
+                ],
+                place=fluid.CPUPlace())
+            fluid.recordio_writer.convert_reader_to_recordio_file(
+                './mnist.recordio', reader, feeder)
+
+    def test_simple_fc(self):
+        self.check_network_convergence(simple_fc_net)
+
+    def test_batchnorm_fc(self):
+        self.check_network_convergence(fc_with_batchnorm)
+
+
+class TestResnet(TestParallelExecutorBase):
+    # @classmethod
+    # def setUpClass(cls):
+    #     # import os
+    #     # if os.path.exists('./flowers.recordio'):
+    #     #     return
+    #     with fluid.program_guard(fluid.Program(), fluid.Program()):
+    #         reader = paddle.batch(flowers.train(), batch_size=4)
+    #         feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(
+    #             feed_list=[
+    #                 fluid.layers.data(
+    #                     name='image', shape=[3, 224, 224]),
+    #                 fluid.layers.data(
+    #                     name='label', shape=[1], dtype='int64'),
+    #             ],
+    #             place=fluid.CPUPlace())
+    #         fluid.recordio_writer.convert_reader_to_recordio_file(
+    #             "./flowers.recordio", reader, feeder, compressor=fluid.core.RecordIOWriter.Compressor.NoCompress)
+
+    def test_resnet(self):
+        import functools
+        batch_size = 4
+        self.check_network_convergence(
+            functools.partial(
+                SE_ResNeXt152, batch_size=batch_size),
+            iter=20,
+            batch_size=batch_size)
+
+
+class ModelHyperParams(object):
+    # Dictionary size for source and target language. This model directly uses
+    # paddle.dataset.wmt16 in which <bos>, <eos> and <unk> token has
+    # alreay been added, but the <pad> token is not added. Transformer requires
+    # sequences in a mini-batch are padded to have the same length. A <pad> token is
+    # added into the original dictionary in paddle.dateset.wmt16.
+
+    # size of source word dictionary.
+    src_vocab_size = 10000
+    # index for <pad> token in source language.
+    src_pad_idx = src_vocab_size
+
+    # size of target word dictionay
+    trg_vocab_size = 10000
+    # index for <pad> token in target language.
+    trg_pad_idx = trg_vocab_size
+
+    # position value corresponding to the <pad> token.
+    pos_pad_idx = 0
+
+    # max length of sequences. It should plus 1 to include position
+    # padding token for position encoding.
+    max_length = 50
+
+    # the dimension for word embeddings, which is also the last dimension of
+    # the input and output of multi-head attention, position-wise feed-forward
+    # networks, encoder and decoder.
+
+    d_model = 512
+    # size of the hidden layer in position-wise feed-forward networks.
+    d_inner_hid = 1024
+    # the dimension that keys are projected to for dot-product attention.
+    d_key = 64
+    # the dimension that values are projected to for dot-product attention.
+    d_value = 64
+    # number of head used in multi-head attention.
+    n_head = 8
+    # number of sub-layers to be stacked in the encoder and decoder.
+    n_layer = 6
+    # dropout rate used by all dropout layers.
+    dropout = 0.1
+
+
+import numpy as np
+
+
+def prepare_batch_input(insts, src_pad_idx, trg_pad_idx, n_head):
+    """
+    Pad the instances to the max sequence length in batch, and generate the
+    corresponding position data and attention bias. Then, convert the numpy
+    data to tensors and return a dict mapping names to tensors.
+    """
+
+    def __pad_batch_data(insts,
+                         pad_idx,
+                         is_target=False,
+                         return_pos=True,
+                         return_attn_bias=True,
+                         return_max_len=True):
+        """
+        Pad the instances to the max sequence length in batch, and generate the
+        corresponding position data and attention bias.
+        """
+        return_list = []
+        max_len = max(len(inst) for inst in insts)
+        inst_data = np.array(
+            [inst + [pad_idx] * (max_len - len(inst)) for inst in insts])
+        return_list += [inst_data.astype("int64").reshape([-1, 1])]
+        if return_pos:
+            inst_pos = np.array([[
+                pos_i + 1 if w_i != pad_idx else 0
+                for pos_i, w_i in enumerate(inst)
+            ] for inst in inst_data])
+
+            return_list += [inst_pos.astype("int64").reshape([-1, 1])]
+        if return_attn_bias:
+            if is_target:
+                # This is used to avoid attention on paddings and subsequent
+                # words.
+                slf_attn_bias_data = np.ones((inst_data.shape[0], max_len,
+                                              max_len))
+                slf_attn_bias_data = np.triu(slf_attn_bias_data, 1).reshape(
+                    [-1, 1, max_len, max_len])
+                slf_attn_bias_data = np.tile(slf_attn_bias_data,
+                                             [1, n_head, 1, 1]) * [-1e9]
+            else:
+                # This is used to avoid attention on paddings.
+                slf_attn_bias_data = np.array([[0] * len(inst) + [-1e9] *
+                                               (max_len - len(inst))
+                                               for inst in insts])
+                slf_attn_bias_data = np.tile(
+                    slf_attn_bias_data.reshape([-1, 1, 1, max_len]),
+                    [1, n_head, max_len, 1])
+            return_list += [slf_attn_bias_data.astype("float32")]
+        if return_max_len:
+            return_list += [max_len]
+        return return_list if len(return_list) > 1 else return_list[0]
+
+    def data_to_tensor(data_list, name_list, input_dict, place):
+        assert len(data_list) == len(name_list)
+        for i in range(len(name_list)):
+            tensor = fluid.LoDTensor()
+            tensor.set(data_list[i], place)
+            input_dict[name_list[i]] = tensor
+
+    src_word, src_pos, src_slf_attn_bias, src_max_len = __pad_batch_data(
+        [inst[0] for inst in insts], src_pad_idx, is_target=False)
+    trg_word, trg_pos, trg_slf_attn_bias, trg_max_len = __pad_batch_data(
+        [inst[1] for inst in insts], trg_pad_idx, is_target=True)
+    trg_src_attn_bias = np.tile(src_slf_attn_bias[:, :, ::src_max_len, :],
+                                [1, 1, trg_max_len, 1]).astype("float32")
+    lbl_word = __pad_batch_data([inst[2] for inst in insts], trg_pad_idx, False,
+                                False, False, False)
+    lbl_weight = (lbl_word != trg_pad_idx).astype("float32").reshape([-1, 1])
+
+    return [
+        src_word, src_pos, trg_word, trg_pos, src_slf_attn_bias,
+        trg_slf_attn_bias, trg_src_attn_bias, lbl_word, lbl_weight
+    ]
+
+
+import transformer_model
+
+
+def transformer():
+    return transformer_model.transformer(
+        ModelHyperParams.src_vocab_size + 1,
+        ModelHyperParams.trg_vocab_size + 1, ModelHyperParams.max_length + 1,
+        ModelHyperParams.n_layer, ModelHyperParams.n_head,
+        ModelHyperParams.d_key, ModelHyperParams.d_value,
+        ModelHyperParams.d_model, ModelHyperParams.d_inner_hid,
+        ModelHyperParams.dropout, ModelHyperParams.src_pad_idx,
+        ModelHyperParams.trg_pad_idx, ModelHyperParams.pos_pad_idx)
+
+
+class TestTransformer(TestParallelExecutorBase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(cls):
+        reader = paddle.batch(
+            wmt16.train(ModelHyperParams.src_vocab_size,
+                        ModelHyperParams.trg_vocab_size),
+            batch_size=transformer_model.batch_size)
+
+        with fluid.recordio_writer.create_recordio_writer(
+                "./wmt16.recordio") as writer:
+            for batch in reader():
+                for tensor in prepare_batch_input(
+                        batch, ModelHyperParams.src_pad_idx,
+                        ModelHyperParams.trg_pad_idx, ModelHyperParams.n_head):
+                    t = fluid.LoDTensor()
+                    t.set(tensor, fluid.CPUPlace())
+                    writer.append_tensor(t)
+                writer.complete_append_tensor()
+
+    @unittest.skip("transformer is buggy in multi gpu")
+    def test_main(self):
+        self.check_network_convergence(transformer)

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/test_recordio_reader.py

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
 import unittest
 
 import paddle.fluid as fluid
-import paddle.v2 as paddle
-import paddle.v2.dataset.mnist as mnist
+import paddle
+import paddle.dataset.mnist as mnist
 
 
 class TestRecordIO(unittest.TestCase):

python/paddle/fluid/tests/unittests/transformer_model.py

+#   Copyright (c) 2018 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from functools import partial
+import numpy as np
+
+import paddle.fluid as fluid
+import paddle.fluid.layers as layers
+
+pos_enc_param_names = (
+    "src_pos_enc_table",
+    "trg_pos_enc_table", )
+
+batch_size = 64
+
+
+def position_encoding_init(n_position, d_pos_vec):
+    """
+    Generate the initial values for the sinusoid position encoding table.
+    """
+    position_enc = np.array([[
+        pos / np.power(10000, 2 * (j // 2) / d_pos_vec)
+        for j in range(d_pos_vec)
+    ] if pos != 0 else np.zeros(d_pos_vec) for pos in range(n_position)])
+    position_enc[1:, 0::2] = np.sin(position_enc[1:, 0::2])  # dim 2i
+    position_enc[1:, 1::2] = np.cos(position_enc[1:, 1::2])  # dim 2i+1
+    return position_enc.astype("float32")
+
+
+def multi_head_attention(queries,
+                         keys,
+                         values,
+                         attn_bias,
+                         d_key,
+                         d_value,
+                         d_model,
+                         n_head=1,
+                         dropout_rate=0.):
+    """
+    Multi-Head Attention. Note that attn_bias is added to the logit before
+    computing softmax activiation to mask certain selected positions so that
+    they will not considered in attention weights.
+    """
+    if not (len(queries.shape) == len(keys.shape) == len(values.shape) == 3):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Inputs: quries, keys and values should all be 3-D tensors.")
+
+    def __compute_qkv(queries, keys, values, n_head, d_key, d_value):
+        """
+        Add linear projection to queries, keys, and values.
+        """
+        q = layers.fc(input=queries,
+                      size=d_key * n_head,
+                      param_attr=fluid.initializer.Xavier(
+                          uniform=False,
+                          fan_in=d_model * d_key,
+                          fan_out=n_head * d_key),
+                      bias_attr=False,
+                      num_flatten_dims=2)
+        k = layers.fc(input=keys,
+                      size=d_key * n_head,
+                      param_attr=fluid.initializer.Xavier(
+                          uniform=False,
+                          fan_in=d_model * d_key,
+                          fan_out=n_head * d_key),
+                      bias_attr=False,
+                      num_flatten_dims=2)
+        v = layers.fc(input=values,
+                      size=d_value * n_head,
+                      param_attr=fluid.initializer.Xavier(
+                          uniform=False,
+                          fan_in=d_model * d_value,
+                          fan_out=n_head * d_value),
+                      bias_attr=False,
+                      num_flatten_dims=2)
+        return q, k, v
+
+    def __split_heads(x, n_head):
+        """
+        Reshape the last dimension of inpunt tensor x so that it becomes two
+        dimensions and then transpose. Specifically, input a tensor with shape
+        [bs, max_sequence_length, n_head * hidden_dim] then output a tensor
+        with shape [bs, n_head, max_sequence_length, hidden_dim].
+        """
+        if n_head == 1:
+            return x
+
+        hidden_size = x.shape[-1]
+        # FIXME(guosheng): Decouple the program desc with batch_size.
+        reshaped = layers.reshape(
+            x=x, shape=[batch_size, -1, n_head, hidden_size // n_head])
+
+        # permuate the dimensions into:
+        # [batch_size, n_head, max_sequence_len, hidden_size_per_head]
+        return layers.transpose(x=reshaped, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
+
+    def __combine_heads(x):
+        """
+        Transpose and then reshape the last two dimensions of inpunt tensor x
+        so that it becomes one dimension, which is reverse to __split_heads.
+        """
+        if len(x.shape) == 3: return x
+        if len(x.shape) != 4:
+            raise ValueError("Input(x) should be a 4-D Tensor.")
+
+        trans_x = layers.transpose(x, perm=[0, 2, 1, 3])
+        # FIXME(guosheng): Decouple the program desc with batch_size.
+        return layers.reshape(
+            x=trans_x,
+            shape=map(int,
+                      [batch_size, -1, trans_x.shape[2] * trans_x.shape[3]]))
+
+    def scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, attn_bias, d_model, dropout_rate):
+        """
+        Scaled Dot-Product Attention
+        """
+
+        # FIXME(guosheng): Optimize the shape in reshape_op or softmax_op.
+
+        # The current implementation of softmax_op only supports 2D tensor,
+        # consequently it cannot be directly used here.
+        # If to use the reshape_op, Besides, the shape of product inferred in
+        # compile-time is not the actual shape in run-time. It cann't be used
+        # to set the attribute of reshape_op.
+        # So, here define the softmax for temporary solution.
+
+        def __softmax(x, eps=1e-9):
+            exp_out = layers.exp(x=x)
+            sum_out = layers.reduce_sum(exp_out, dim=-1, keep_dim=False)
+            return layers.elementwise_div(x=exp_out, y=sum_out, axis=0)
+
+        scaled_q = layers.scale(x=q, scale=d_model**-0.5)
+        product = layers.matmul(x=scaled_q, y=k, transpose_y=True)
+        weights = __softmax(layers.elementwise_add(x=product, y=attn_bias))
+        if dropout_rate:
+            weights = layers.dropout(
+                weights, dropout_prob=dropout_rate, is_test=False)
+        out = layers.matmul(weights, v)
+        return out
+
+    q, k, v = __compute_qkv(queries, keys, values, n_head, d_key, d_value)
+
+    q = __split_heads(q, n_head)
+    k = __split_heads(k, n_head)
+    v = __split_heads(v, n_head)
+
+    ctx_multiheads = scaled_dot_product_attention(q, k, v, attn_bias, d_model,
+                                                  dropout_rate)
+
+    out = __combine_heads(ctx_multiheads)
+
+    # Project back to the model size.
+    proj_out = layers.fc(input=out,
+                         size=d_model,
+                         param_attr=fluid.initializer.Xavier(uniform=False),
+                         bias_attr=False,
+                         num_flatten_dims=2)
+    return proj_out
+
+
+def positionwise_feed_forward(x, d_inner_hid, d_hid):
+    """
+    Position-wise Feed-Forward Networks.
+    This module consists of two linear transformations with a ReLU activation
+    in between, which is applied to each position separately and identically.
+    """
+    hidden = layers.fc(input=x,
+                       size=d_inner_hid,
+                       num_flatten_dims=2,
+                       param_attr=fluid.initializer.Uniform(
+                           low=-(d_hid**-0.5), high=(d_hid**-0.5)),
+                       act="relu")
+    out = layers.fc(input=hidden,
+                    size=d_hid,
+                    num_flatten_dims=2,
+                    param_attr=fluid.initializer.Uniform(
+                        low=-(d_inner_hid**-0.5), high=(d_inner_hid**-0.5)))
+    return out
+
+
+def pre_post_process_layer(prev_out, out, process_cmd, dropout=0.):
+    """
+    Add residual connection, layer normalization and droput to the out tensor
+    optionally according to the value of process_cmd.
+
+    This will be used before or after multi-head attention and position-wise
+    feed-forward networks.
+    """
+    for cmd in process_cmd:
+        if cmd == "a":  # add residual connection
+            out = out + prev_out if prev_out else out
+        elif cmd == "n":  # add layer normalization
+            out = layers.layer_norm(
+                out,
+                begin_norm_axis=len(out.shape) - 1,
+                param_attr=fluid.initializer.Constant(1.),
+                bias_attr=fluid.initializer.Constant(0.))
+        elif cmd == "d":  # add dropout
+            if dropout:
+                out = layers.dropout(out, dropout_prob=dropout, is_test=False)
+    return out
+
+
+pre_process_layer = partial(pre_post_process_layer, None)
+post_process_layer = pre_post_process_layer
+
+
+def prepare_encoder(src_word,
+                    src_pos,
+                    src_vocab_size,
+                    src_emb_dim,
+                    src_pad_idx,
+                    src_max_len,
+                    dropout=0.,
+                    pos_pad_idx=0,
+                    pos_enc_param_name=None):
+    """Add word embeddings and position encodings.
+    The output tensor has a shape of:
+    [batch_size, max_src_length_in_batch, d_model].
+
+    This module is used at the bottom of the encoder stacks.
+    """
+    src_word_emb = layers.embedding(
+        src_word,
+        size=[src_vocab_size, src_emb_dim],
+        padding_idx=src_pad_idx,
+        param_attr=fluid.initializer.Normal(0., 1.))
+    src_pos_enc = layers.embedding(
+        src_pos,
+        size=[src_max_len, src_emb_dim],
+        padding_idx=pos_pad_idx,
+        param_attr=fluid.ParamAttr(
+            name=pos_enc_param_name, trainable=False))
+    enc_input = src_word_emb + src_pos_enc
+
+    # FIXME(guosheng): Decouple the program desc with batch_size.
+    enc_input = layers.reshape(x=enc_input, shape=[batch_size, -1, src_emb_dim])
+    return layers.dropout(
+        enc_input, dropout_prob=dropout,
+        is_test=False) if dropout else enc_input
+
+
+prepare_encoder = partial(
+    prepare_encoder, pos_enc_param_name=pos_enc_param_names[0])
+prepare_decoder = partial(
+    prepare_encoder, pos_enc_param_name=pos_enc_param_names[1])
+
+
+def encoder_layer(enc_input,
+                  attn_bias,
+                  n_head,
+                  d_key,
+                  d_value,
+                  d_model,
+                  d_inner_hid,
+                  dropout_rate=0.):
+    """The encoder layers that can be stacked to form a deep encoder.
+
+    This module consits of a multi-head (self) attention followed by
+    position-wise feed-forward networks and both the two components companied
+    with the post_process_layer to add residual connection, layer normalization
+    and droput.
+    """
+    attn_output = multi_head_attention(enc_input, enc_input, enc_input,
+                                       attn_bias, d_key, d_value, d_model,
+                                       n_head, dropout_rate)
+    attn_output = post_process_layer(enc_input, attn_output, "dan",
+                                     dropout_rate)
+    ffd_output = positionwise_feed_forward(attn_output, d_inner_hid, d_model)
+    return post_process_layer(attn_output, ffd_output, "dan", dropout_rate)
+
+
+def encoder(enc_input,
+            attn_bias,
+            n_layer,
+            n_head,
+            d_key,
+            d_value,
+            d_model,
+            d_inner_hid,
+            dropout_rate=0.):
+    """
+    The encoder is composed of a stack of identical layers returned by calling
+    encoder_layer.
+    """
+    for i in range(n_layer):
+        enc_output = encoder_layer(enc_input, attn_bias, n_head, d_key, d_value,
+                                   d_model, d_inner_hid, dropout_rate)
+        enc_input = enc_output
+    return enc_output
+
+
+def decoder_layer(dec_input,
+                  enc_output,
+                  slf_attn_bias,
+                  dec_enc_attn_bias,
+                  n_head,
+                  d_key,
+                  d_value,
+                  d_model,
+                  d_inner_hid,
+                  dropout_rate=0.):
+    """ The layer to be stacked in decoder part.
+
+    The structure of this module is similar to that in the encoder part except
+    a multi-head attention is added to implement encoder-decoder attention.
+    """
+    slf_attn_output = multi_head_attention(
+        dec_input,
+        dec_input,
+        dec_input,
+        slf_attn_bias,
+        d_key,
+        d_value,
+        d_model,
+        n_head,
+        dropout_rate, )
+    slf_attn_output = post_process_layer(
+        dec_input,
+        slf_attn_output,
+        "dan",  # residual connection + dropout + layer normalization
+        dropout_rate, )
+    enc_attn_output = multi_head_attention(
+        slf_attn_output,
+        enc_output,
+        enc_output,
+        dec_enc_attn_bias,
+        d_key,
+        d_value,
+        d_model,
+        n_head,
+        dropout_rate, )
+    enc_attn_output = post_process_layer(
+        slf_attn_output,
+        enc_attn_output,
+        "dan",  # residual connection + dropout + layer normalization
+        dropout_rate, )
+    ffd_output = positionwise_feed_forward(
+        enc_attn_output,
+        d_inner_hid,
+        d_model, )
+    dec_output = post_process_layer(
+        enc_attn_output,
+        ffd_output,
+        "dan",  # residual connection + dropout + layer normalization
+        dropout_rate, )
+    return dec_output
+
+
+def decoder(dec_input,
+            enc_output,
+            dec_slf_attn_bias,
+            dec_enc_attn_bias,
+            n_layer,
+            n_head,
+            d_key,
+            d_value,
+            d_model,
+            d_inner_hid,
+            dropout_rate=0.):
+    """
+    The decoder is composed of a stack of identical decoder_layer layers.
+    """
+    for i in range(n_layer):
+        dec_output = decoder_layer(
+            dec_input,
+            enc_output,
+            dec_slf_attn_bias,
+            dec_enc_attn_bias,
+            n_head,
+            d_key,
+            d_value,
+            d_model,
+            d_inner_hid,
+            dropout_rate, )
+        dec_input = dec_output
+    return dec_output
+
+
+def transformer(
+        src_vocab_size,
+        trg_vocab_size,
+        max_length,
+        n_layer,
+        n_head,
+        d_key,
+        d_value,
+        d_model,
+        d_inner_hid,
+        dropout_rate,
+        src_pad_idx,
+        trg_pad_idx,
+        pos_pad_idx, ):
+    file_obj = fluid.layers.open_recordio_file(
+        filename='./wmt16.recordio',
+        shapes=[
+            [batch_size * max_length, 1],
+            [batch_size * max_length, 1],
+            [batch_size * max_length, 1],
+            [batch_size * max_length, 1],
+            [batch_size, n_head, max_length, max_length],
+            [batch_size, n_head, max_length, max_length],
+            [batch_size, n_head, max_length, max_length],
+            [batch_size * max_length, 1],
+            [batch_size * max_length, 1],
+        ],
+        dtypes=[
+            'int64',
+            'int64',
+            'int64',
+            'int64',
+            'float32',
+            'float32',
+            'float32',
+            'int64',
+            'float32',
+        ],
+        lod_levels=[0] * 9)
+
+    src_word, src_pos, trg_word, trg_pos, src_slf_attn_bias, trg_slf_attn_bias, trg_src_attn_bias, gold, weights = fluid.layers.read_file(
+        file_obj)
+
+    enc_input = prepare_encoder(
+        src_word,
+        src_pos,
+        src_vocab_size,
+        d_model,
+        src_pad_idx,
+        max_length,
+        dropout_rate, )
+    enc_output = encoder(
+        enc_input,
+        src_slf_attn_bias,
+        n_layer,
+        n_head,
+        d_key,
+        d_value,
+        d_model,
+        d_inner_hid,
+        dropout_rate, )
+
+    dec_input = prepare_decoder(
+        trg_word,
+        trg_pos,
+        trg_vocab_size,
+        d_model,
+        trg_pad_idx,
+        max_length,
+        dropout_rate, )
+    dec_output = decoder(
+        dec_input,
+        enc_output,
+        trg_slf_attn_bias,
+        trg_src_attn_bias,
+        n_layer,
+        n_head,
+        d_key,
+        d_value,
+        d_model,
+        d_inner_hid,
+        dropout_rate, )
+
+    # TODO(guosheng): Share the weight matrix between the embedding layers and
+    # the pre-softmax linear transformation.
+    predict = layers.reshape(
+        x=layers.fc(input=dec_output,
+                    size=trg_vocab_size,
+                    param_attr=fluid.initializer.Xavier(uniform=False),
+                    bias_attr=False,
+                    num_flatten_dims=2),
+        shape=[-1, trg_vocab_size],
+        act="softmax")
+
+    cost = layers.cross_entropy(input=predict, label=gold)
+    weighted_cost = cost * weights
+    return layers.reduce_sum(weighted_cost)

python/paddle/v2/reader/creator.py → python/paddle/reader/creator.py

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Creator package contains some simple reader creator, which could
 be used in user program.
 """
 
-__all__ = ['np_array', 'text_file', 'recordio', 'cloud_reader']
+__all__ = ['np_array', 'text_file', 'recordio']
 
 
 def np_array(x):
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def recordio(paths, buf_size=100):
     """
 
     import recordio as rec
-    import paddle.v2.reader.decorator as dec
+    import paddle.reader.decorator as dec
     import cPickle as pickle
 
     def reader():
@@ -83,48 +83,3 @@ def recordio(paths, buf_size=100):
         f.close()
 
     return dec.buffered(reader, buf_size)
-
-
-pass_num = 0
-
-
-def cloud_reader(paths, etcd_endpoints, timeout_sec=5, buf_size=64):
-    """
-    Create a data reader that yield a record one by one from
-        the paths:
-    :paths: path of recordio files, can be a string or a string list.
-    :etcd_endpoints: the endpoints for etcd cluster
-    :returns: data reader of recordio files.
-
-    ..  code-block:: python
-        from paddle.v2.reader.creator import cloud_reader
-        etcd_endpoints = "http://127.0.0.1:2379"
-        trainer.train.(
-            reader=cloud_reader(["/work/dataset/uci_housing/uci_housing*"], etcd_endpoints),
-        )
-    """
-    import os
-    import cPickle as pickle
-    import paddle.v2.master as master
-    c = master.client(etcd_endpoints, timeout_sec, buf_size)
-
-    if isinstance(paths, basestring):
-        path = [paths]
-    else:
-        path = paths
-    c.set_dataset(path)
-
-    def reader():
-        global pass_num
-        c.paddle_start_get_records(pass_num)
-        pass_num += 1
-
-        while True:
-            r, e = c.next_record()
-            if not r:
-                if e != -2:
-                    print "get record error: ", e
-                break
-            yield pickle.loads(r)
-
-    return reader

python/paddle/v2/reader/tests/creator_test.py → python/paddle/reader/tests/creator_test.py

@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@
 import os
 import unittest
 import numpy as np
-import paddle.v2.reader.creator
+import paddle.reader.creator
 
 
 class TestNumpyArray(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_numpy_array(self):
         l = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]
         x = np.array(l, np.int32)
-        reader = paddle.v2.reader.creator.np_array(x)
+        reader = paddle.reader.creator.np_array(x)
         for idx, e in enumerate(reader()):
             self.assertItemsEqual(e, l[idx])
 
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ class TestNumpyArray(unittest.TestCase):
 class TestTextFile(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_text_file(self):
         path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "test_data_creator.txt")
-        reader = paddle.v2.reader.creator.text_file(path)
+        reader = paddle.reader.creator.text_file(path)
         for idx, e in enumerate(reader()):
             self.assertEqual(e, str(idx * 2) + " " + str(idx * 2 + 1))
 
 
 class TestRecordIO(unittest.TestCase):
     def do_test(self, path):
-        reader = paddle.v2.reader.creator.recordio(path)
+        reader = paddle.reader.creator.recordio(path)
         idx = 0
         for e in reader():
             if idx == 0:

python/paddle/v2/reader/tests/decorator_test.py → python/paddle/reader/tests/decorator_test.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import time
 import unittest
 
-import paddle.v2.reader
+import paddle.reader
 
 
 def reader_creator_10(dur):
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestMap(unittest.TestCase):
             yield "h"
             yield "i"
 
-        r = paddle.v2.reader.map_readers(tokenize, read)
+        r = paddle.reader.map_readers(tokenize, read)
         for i, e in enumerate(r()):
             self.assertEqual(e, i)
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class TestMap(unittest.TestCase):
 class TestBuffered(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_read(self):
         for size in range(20):
-            b = paddle.v2.reader.buffered(reader_creator_10(0), size)
+            b = paddle.reader.buffered(reader_creator_10(0), size)
             c = 0
             for i in b():
                 self.assertEqual(i, c)
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ class TestBuffered(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_buffering(self):
         # read have 30ms delay.
-        b = paddle.v2.reader.buffered(reader_creator_10(0.03), 10)
+        b = paddle.reader.buffered(reader_creator_10(0.03), 10)
         last_time = time.time()
         for idx, i in enumerate(b()):
             elapsed_time = time.time() - last_time
@@ -70,17 +70,17 @@ class TestBuffered(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestCompose(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_compse(self):
-        reader = paddle.v2.reader.compose(
+        reader = paddle.reader.compose(
             reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0))
         for idx, e in enumerate(reader()):
             self.assertEqual(e, (idx, idx))
 
     def test_compose_not_aligned(self):
         total = 0
-        reader = paddle.v2.reader.compose(
-            paddle.v2.reader.chain(reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0)),
+        reader = paddle.reader.compose(
+            paddle.reader.chain(reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0)),
             reader_creator_10(0))
-        with self.assertRaises(paddle.v2.reader.ComposeNotAligned):
+        with self.assertRaises(paddle.reader.ComposeNotAligned):
             for e in reader():
                 total += 1
         # expecting 10, not 20
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ class TestCompose(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_compose_not_aligned_no_check(self):
         total = 0
-        reader = paddle.v2.reader.compose(
-            paddle.v2.reader.chain(reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0)),
+        reader = paddle.reader.compose(
+            paddle.reader.chain(reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0)),
             reader_creator_10(0),
             check_alignment=False)
         for e in reader():
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class TestCompose(unittest.TestCase):
 
 class TestChain(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_chain(self):
-        c = paddle.v2.reader.chain(reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0))
+        c = paddle.reader.chain(reader_creator_10(0), reader_creator_10(0))
         idx = 0
         for e in c():
             self.assertEqual(e, idx % 10)
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ class TestShuffle(unittest.TestCase):
         case = [(0, True), (1, True), (10, False), (100, False)]
         a = reader_creator_10(0)
         for size, checkEq in case:
-            s = paddle.v2.reader.shuffle(a, size)
+            s = paddle.reader.shuffle(a, size)
             total = 0
             for idx, e in enumerate(s()):
                 if checkEq:
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class TestXmap(unittest.TestCase):
         for order in orders:
             for tNum in thread_nums:
                 for size in buffered_size:
-                    reader = paddle.v2.reader.xmap_readers(mapper,
+                    reader = paddle.reader.xmap_readers(mapper,
                                                         reader_creator_10(0),
                                                         tNum, size, order)
                     for n in xrange(3):
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ class TestPipeReader(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_pipe_reader(self):
         def example_reader(myfiles):
             for f in myfiles:
-                pr = paddle.v2.reader.PipeReader("cat %s" % f, bufsize=128)
+                pr = paddle.reader.PipeReader("cat %s" % f, bufsize=128)
                 for l in pr.get_line():
                     yield l
 

python/paddle/v2/__init__.py

@@ -22,17 +22,13 @@ import data_type
 import topology
 import networks
 import evaluator
-from . import dataset
-from . import reader
 from . import plot
 import attr
 import op
 import pooling
 import inference
 import networks
-import minibatch
 import plot
-import image
 import paddle.trainer.config_parser as cp
 
 __all__ = [
@@ -48,14 +44,11 @@ __all__ = [
     'data_type',
     'attr',
     'pooling',
-    'dataset',
-    'reader',
     'topology',
     'networks',
     'infer',
     'plot',
     'evaluator',
-    'image',
     'master',
 ]
 
@@ -153,4 +146,3 @@ def init(**kwargs):
 
 
 infer = inference.infer
-batch = minibatch.batch

python/paddle/v2/inference.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 import numpy
 import collections
 import topology
-import minibatch
+import paddle
 import cPickle
 
 __all__ = ['infer', 'Inference']
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ class Inference(object):
             for each_sample in input:
                 yield each_sample
 
-        reader = minibatch.batch(__reader_impl__, batch_size=batch_size)
+        reader = paddle.batch(__reader_impl__, batch_size=batch_size)
 
         self.__gradient_machine__.start()
         for data_batch in reader():

python/paddle/v2/layer.py

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The primary usage shows below.
 
 ..  code-block:: python
 
-    import paddle.v2 as paddle
+    import paddle
 
     img = paddle.layer.data(name='img', type=paddle.data_type.dense_vector(784))
     hidden = paddle.layer.fc(input=img, size=200)

python/paddle/v2/tests/CMakeLists.txt

 py_test(test_op SRCS test_op.py)
-py_test(test_image SRCS test_image.py)
 py_test(test_layer SRCS test_layer.py)
 py_test(test_topology SRCS test_topology.py)
 py_test(test_rnn_layer SRCS test_rnn_layer.py)

python/paddle/v2/tests/test_paramconf_order.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 import unittest
 import math
+import paddle.dataset as dataset
 import paddle.v2 as paddle
 
 
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ def wordemb(inlayer):
 
 
 def train():
-    word_dict = paddle.dataset.imikolov.build_dict()
+    word_dict = dataset.imikolov.build_dict()
     dict_size = len(word_dict)
     # Every layer takes integer value of range [0, dict_size)
     firstword = paddle.layer.data(

python/setup.py.in

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ write_version_py(filename='@PADDLE_SOURCE_DIR@/python/paddle/version.py')
 
 packages=['paddle',
           'paddle.utils',
+          'paddle.dataset',
+          'paddle.reader',
           'paddle.fluid',
           'paddle.fluid.proto',
           'paddle.fluid.proto.profiler',
@@ -73,8 +75,6 @@ if '${WITH_FLUID_ONLY}'== 'OFF':
                'paddle.trainer',
                'paddle.trainer_config_helpers',
                'paddle.v2',
-               'paddle.v2.dataset',
-               'paddle.v2.reader',
                'paddle.v2.master',
                'paddle.v2.plot',
                'py_paddle']

tools/codestyle/cpplint_pre_commit.hook

+#!/bin/bash
+
+TOTAL_ERRORS=0
+
+# The trick to remove deleted files: https://stackoverflow.com/a/2413151
+for file in $(git diff --cached --name-status | awk '$1 != "D" {print $2}'); do
+    cpplint $file;
+    TOTAL_ERRORS=$(expr $TOTAL_ERRORS + $?);
+done
+
+exit $TOTAL_ERRORS
+