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    <li>Kubernetes单机训练</li>
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  <div class="section" id="kubernetes">
<span id="kubernetes"></span><h1>Kubernetes单机训练<a class="headerlink" href="#kubernetes" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h1>
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<p>在这篇文档里，我们介绍如何在 Kubernetes 集群上启动一个单机使用CPU的PaddlePaddle训练作业。在下一篇中，我们将介绍如何启动分布式训练作业。</p>
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<div class="section" id="docker">
<span id="docker"></span><h2>制作Docker镜像<a class="headerlink" href="#docker" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
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<p>在一个功能齐全的Kubernetes机群里，通常我们会安装Ceph等分布式文件系统来存储训练数据。这样的话，一个分布式PaddlePaddle训练任务中
的每个进程都可以从Ceph读取数据。在这个例子里，我们只演示一个单机作业，所以可以简化对环境的要求，把训练数据直接放在
PaddlePaddle的Docker Image里。为此，我们需要制作一个包含训练数据的PaddlePaddle镜像。</p>
<p>PaddlePaddle的 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">paddlepaddle/paddle:cpu-demo-latest</span></code> 镜像里有PaddlePaddle的源码与demo，
（请注意，默认的PaddlePaddle生产环境镜像 <code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">paddlepaddle/paddle:latest</span></code> 是不包括源码的，PaddlePaddle的各版本镜像可以参考
<a class="reference external" href="http://paddlepaddle.org/docs/develop/documentation/zh/getstarted/build_and_install/docker_install_cn.html">Docker Installation Guide</a>），
下面我们使用这个镜像来下载数据到Docker Container中，并把这个包含了训练数据的Container保存为一个新的镜像。</p>
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<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id1"></span><h3>运行容器<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
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<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ docker run --name quick_start_data -it paddlepaddle/paddle:cpu-demo-latest
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</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id2"></span><h3>下载数据<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>进入容器<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/root/paddle/demo/quick_start/data</span></code>目录，使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">get_data.sh</span></code>下载数据</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ root@fbd1f2bb71f4:~/paddle/demo/quick_start/data# ./get_data.sh

Downloading Amazon Electronics reviews data...
--2016-10-31 01:33:43--  http://snap.stanford.edu/data/amazon/productGraph/categoryFiles/reviews_Electronics_5.json.gz
Resolving snap.stanford.edu (snap.stanford.edu)... 171.64.75.80
Connecting to snap.stanford.edu (snap.stanford.edu)|171.64.75.80|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 495854086 (473M) [application/x-gzip]
Saving to: &#39;reviews_Electronics_5.json.gz&#39;

 10% [=======&gt;                                         ] 874,279     64.7KB/s  eta 2h 13m
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id3"></span><h3>修改启动脚本<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>下载完数据后，修改<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">/root/paddle/demo/quick_start/train.sh</span></code>文件，内容如下（增加了一条cd命令）</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>set -e
cd /root/paddle/demo/quick_start
cfg=trainer_config.lr.py
#cfg=trainer_config.emb.py
#cfg=trainer_config.cnn.py
#cfg=trainer_config.lstm.py
#cfg=trainer_config.bidi-lstm.py
#cfg=trainer_config.db-lstm.py
paddle train \
  --config=$cfg \
  --save_dir=./output \
  --trainer_count=4 \
  --log_period=20 \
  --num_passes=15 \
  --use_gpu=false \
  --show_parameter_stats_period=100 \
  --test_all_data_in_one_period=1 \
  2&gt;&amp;1 | tee &#39;train.log&#39;
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id4"></span><h3>提交镜像<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>修改启动脚本后，退出容器，使用<code class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">docker</span> <span class="pre">commit</span></code>命令创建新镜像。</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ docker commit quick_start_data mypaddle/paddle:quickstart
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kubernetes">
<span id="id5"></span><h2>使用 Kubernetes 进行训练<a class="headerlink" href="#kubernetes" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h2>
<blockquote>
<div>针对任务运行完成后容器自动退出的场景，Kubernetes有Job类型的资源来支持。下文就是用Job类型的资源来进行训练。</div></blockquote>
<div class="section" id="yaml">
<span id="yaml"></span><h3>编写yaml文件<a class="headerlink" href="#yaml" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>在训练时，输出结果可能会随着容器的消耗而被删除，需要在创建容器前挂载卷以便我们保存训练结果。使用我们之前构造的镜像，可以创建一个 <a class="reference external" href="http://kubernetes.io/docs/user-guide/jobs/#what-is-a-job">Kubernetes Job</a>，简单的yaml文件如下：</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">apiVersion</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">batch</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">v1</span>
<span class="n">kind</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Job</span>
<span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">quickstart</span>
<span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">parallelism</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="n">completions</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
  <span class="n">template</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">metadata</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">quickstart</span>
    <span class="n">spec</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="n">volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">output</span>
        <span class="n">hostPath</span><span class="p">:</span> 
          <span class="n">path</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">home</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">work</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle_output</span>     
      <span class="n">containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">pi</span>
        <span class="n">image</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">mypaddle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">quickstart</span>
        <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;bin/bash&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="s2">&quot;-c&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">&quot;/root/paddle/demo/quick_start/train.sh&quot;</span><span class="p">]</span>
        <span class="n">volumeMounts</span><span class="p">:</span>
        <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">name</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">output</span>
          <span class="n">mountPath</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">quick_start</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">output</span>
      <span class="n">restartPolicy</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Never</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
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309 310 
<div class="section" id="paddlepaddle-job">
<span id="paddlepaddle-job"></span><h3>创建PaddlePaddle Job<a class="headerlink" href="#paddlepaddle-job" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
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311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 
<p>使用上文创建的yaml文件创建Kubernetes Job，命令为：</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kubectl  create -f paddle.yaml
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>查看job的详细情况：</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ kubectl  get job
NAME         DESIRED   SUCCESSFUL   AGE
quickstart   1         0            58s

$ kubectl  describe job quickstart
Name:       quickstart
Namespace:  default
Image(s):   registry.baidu.com/public/paddle:cpu-demo-latest
Selector:   controller-uid=f120da72-9f18-11e6-b363-448a5b355b84
Parallelism:    1
Completions:    1
Start Time: Mon, 31 Oct 2016 11:20:16 +0800
Labels:     controller-uid=f120da72-9f18-11e6-b363-448a5b355b84,job-name=quickstart
Pods Statuses:  0 Running / 1 Succeeded / 0 Failed
Volumes:
  output:
    Type:   HostPath (bare host directory volume)
    Path:   /home/work/paddle_output
Events:
  FirstSeen LastSeen    Count   From            SubobjectPath   Type        Reason          Message
  --------- --------    -----   ----            -------------   --------    ------          -------
  1m        1m      1   {job-controller }           Normal      SuccessfulCreate    Created pod: quickstart-fa0wx
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="">
<span id="id6"></span><h3>查看训练结果<a class="headerlink" href="#" title="永久链接至标题"></a></h3>
<p>根据Job对应的Pod信息，可以查看此Pod运行的宿主机。</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">kubectl</span>  <span class="n">describe</span> <span class="n">pod</span> <span class="n">quickstart</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">fa0wx</span>
<span class="n">Name</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">quickstart</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">fa0wx</span>
<span class="n">Namespace</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="n">default</span>
<span class="n">Node</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">let02</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="mf">10.206</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">202.44</span>
<span class="n">Start</span> <span class="n">Time</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">Mon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">2016</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">17</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0800</span>
<span class="n">Labels</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="n">controller</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">uid</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">f120da72</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">9</span><span class="n">f18</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mf">11e6</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">b363</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">448</span><span class="n">a5b355b84</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">job</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">quickstart</span>
<span class="n">Status</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="n">Succeeded</span>
<span class="n">IP</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="mf">10.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.9</span>
<span class="n">Controllers</span><span class="p">:</span>    <span class="n">Job</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">quickstart</span>
<span class="n">Containers</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">quickstart</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">Container</span> <span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">:</span>   <span class="n">docker</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="n">b8561f5c79193550d64fa47418a9e67ebdd71546186e840f88de5026b8097465</span>
    <span class="n">Image</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">registry</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">baidu</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">com</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">public</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">cpu</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">latest</span>
    <span class="n">Image</span> <span class="n">ID</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">docker</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="o">//</span><span class="mf">18e457</span><span class="n">ce3d362ff5f3febf8e7f85ffec852f70f3b629add10aed84f930a68750</span>
    <span class="n">Port</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">Command</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="nb">bin</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">bash</span>
      <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">c</span>
      <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">quick_start</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">train</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sh</span>
    <span class="n">QoS</span> <span class="n">Tier</span><span class="p">:</span>
      <span class="n">cpu</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">BestEffort</span>
      <span class="n">memory</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">BestEffort</span>
    <span class="n">State</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">Terminated</span>
      <span class="n">Reason</span><span class="p">:</span>       <span class="n">Completed</span>
      <span class="n">Exit</span> <span class="n">Code</span><span class="p">:</span>    <span class="mi">0</span>
      <span class="n">Started</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="n">Mon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">2016</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0800</span>
      <span class="n">Finished</span><span class="p">:</span>     <span class="n">Mon</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">2016</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">46</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="mi">0800</span>
    <span class="n">Ready</span><span class="p">:</span>      <span class="kc">False</span>
    <span class="n">Restart</span> <span class="n">Count</span><span class="p">:</span>  <span class="mi">0</span>
    <span class="n">Environment</span> <span class="n">Variables</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="n">Conditions</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">Type</span>      <span class="n">Status</span>
  <span class="n">Ready</span>     <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="n">Volumes</span><span class="p">:</span>
  <span class="n">output</span><span class="p">:</span>
    <span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">:</span>   <span class="n">HostPath</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">bare</span> <span class="n">host</span> <span class="n">directory</span> <span class="n">volume</span><span class="p">)</span>
    <span class="n">Path</span><span class="p">:</span>   <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">home</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">work</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">paddle_output</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>我们还可以登录到宿主机上查看训练结果。</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">root</span><span class="nd">@paddle</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">demo</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">let02</span> <span class="n">paddle_output</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="c1"># ll</span>
<span class="n">total</span> <span class="mi">60</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00000</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">20</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00001</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00002</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00003</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00004</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00005</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00006</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00007</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00008</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00009</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00010</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00011</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00012</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00013</span>
<span class="n">drwxr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">xr</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="n">root</span> <span class="mi">4096</span> <span class="n">Oct</span> <span class="mi">31</span> <span class="mi">11</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">21</span> <span class="k">pass</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">00014</span>
</pre></div>
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