// Copyright (c) 2022 PaddlePaddle Authors. All Rights Reserved.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

#include "paddle/phi/kernels/yolo_loss_kernel.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

#include "paddle/phi/backends/cpu/cpu_context.h"
#include "paddle/phi/core/kernel_registry.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/cpu/yolo_loss_functor.h"
#include "paddle/phi/kernels/funcs/math_function.h"

namespace phi {

template <typename T>
static inline bool LessEqualZero(T x) {
  return x < 1e-6;
}

template <typename T>
static T SigmoidCrossEntropy(T x, T label) {
  return (x > 0 ? x : 0.0) - x * label + std::log(1.0 + std::exp(-std::abs(x)));
}

template <typename T>
static T L1Loss(T x, T y) {
  return std::abs(y - x);
}

static int GetMaskIndex(std::vector<int> mask, int val) {
  for (int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(mask.size()); i++) {
    if (mask[i] == val) {
      return i;
    }
  }
  return -1;
}

template <typename T>
static inline Box<T> GetYoloBox(const T* x,
                                std::vector<int> anchors,
                                int i,
                                int j,
                                int an_idx,
                                int grid_size,
                                int input_size,
                                int index,
                                int stride,
                                float scale,
                                float bias) {
  Box<T> b;
  b.x = (i + sigmoid<T>(x[index]) * scale + bias) / grid_size;
  b.y = (j + sigmoid<T>(x[index + stride]) * scale + bias) / grid_size;
  b.w = std::exp(x[index + 2 * stride]) * anchors[2 * an_idx] / input_size;
  b.h = std::exp(x[index + 3 * stride]) * anchors[2 * an_idx + 1] / input_size;
  return b;
}

template <typename T>
static inline T BoxOverlap(T c1, T w1, T c2, T w2) {
  T l1 = c1 - w1 / 2.0;
  T l2 = c2 - w2 / 2.0;
  T left = l1 > l2 ? l1 : l2;
  T r1 = c1 + w1 / 2.0;
  T r2 = c2 + w2 / 2.0;
  T right = r1 < r2 ? r1 : r2;
  return right - left;
}

template <typename T>
static inline T CalcBoxIoU(Box<T> b1, Box<T> b2) {
  T w = BoxOverlap(b1.x, b1.w, b2.x, b2.w);
  T h = BoxOverlap(b1.y, b1.h, b2.y, b2.h);
  T inter_area = (w < 0 || h < 0) ? 0.0 : w * h;
  T union_area = b1.w * b1.h + b2.w * b2.h - inter_area;
  return inter_area / union_area;
}

template <typename T>
static void CalcBoxLocationLoss(T* loss,
                                const T* input,
                                Box<T> gt,
                                std::vector<int> anchors,
                                int an_idx,
                                int box_idx,
                                int gi,
                                int gj,
                                int grid_size,
                                int input_size,
                                int stride,
                                T score) {
  T tx = gt.x * grid_size - gi;
  T ty = gt.y * grid_size - gj;
  T tw = std::log(gt.w * input_size / anchors[2 * an_idx]);
  T th = std::log(gt.h * input_size / anchors[2 * an_idx + 1]);

  T scale = (2.0 - gt.w * gt.h) * score;
  loss[0] += SigmoidCrossEntropy<T>(input[box_idx], tx) * scale;
  loss[0] += SigmoidCrossEntropy<T>(input[box_idx + stride], ty) * scale;
  loss[0] += L1Loss<T>(input[box_idx + 2 * stride], tw) * scale;
  loss[0] += L1Loss<T>(input[box_idx + 3 * stride], th) * scale;
}

template <typename T>
static inline void CalcLabelLoss(T* loss,
                                 const T* input,
                                 const int index,
                                 const int label,
                                 const int class_num,
                                 const int stride,
                                 const T pos,
                                 const T neg,
                                 T score) {
  for (int i = 0; i < class_num; i++) {
    T pred = input[index + i * stride];
    loss[0] += SigmoidCrossEntropy<T>(pred, (i == label) ? pos : neg) * score;
  }
}

template <typename T>
static inline void CalcObjnessLoss(T* loss,
                                   const T* input,
                                   const T* objness,
                                   const int n,
                                   const int an_num,
                                   const int h,
                                   const int w,
                                   const int stride,
                                   const int an_stride) {
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < an_num; j++) {
      for (int k = 0; k < h; k++) {
        for (int l = 0; l < w; l++) {
          T obj = objness[k * w + l];
          if (obj > 1e-5) {
            // positive sample: obj = mixup score
            loss[i] += SigmoidCrossEntropy<T>(input[k * w + l], 1.0) * obj;
          } else if (obj > -0.5) {
            // negetive sample: obj = 0
            loss[i] += SigmoidCrossEntropy<T>(input[k * w + l], 0.0);
          }
        }
      }
      objness += stride;
      input += an_stride;
    }
  }
}

template <typename T>
static void inline GtValid(bool* valid,
                           const T* gtbox,
                           const int n,
                           const int b) {
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < b; j++) {
      if (LessEqualZero(gtbox[j * 4 + 2]) || LessEqualZero(gtbox[j * 4 + 3])) {
        valid[j] = false;
      } else {
        valid[j] = true;
      }
    }
    valid += b;
    gtbox += b * 4;
  }
}

template <typename T, typename Context>
void YoloLossKernel(const Context& dev_ctx,
                    const DenseTensor& x,
                    const DenseTensor& gt_box,
                    const DenseTensor& gt_label,
                    const paddle::optional<DenseTensor>& gt_score,
                    const std::vector<int>& anchors,
                    const std::vector<int>& anchor_mask,
                    int class_num,
                    float ignore_thresh,
                    int downsample_ratio,
                    bool use_label_smooth,
                    float scale_x_y,
                    DenseTensor* loss,
                    DenseTensor* objectness_mask,
                    DenseTensor* gt_match_mask) {
  auto* input = &x;
  auto objness_mask = objectness_mask;
  float scale = scale_x_y;
  float bias = -0.5f * (scale - 1.f);

  const int n = static_cast<int>(input->dims()[0]);
  const int h = static_cast<int>(input->dims()[2]);
  const int w = static_cast<int>(input->dims()[3]);
  const int an_num = static_cast<int>(anchors.size() / 2);
  const int mask_num = static_cast<int>(anchor_mask.size());
  const int b = static_cast<int>(gt_box.dims()[1]);
  int input_size = downsample_ratio * h;

  const int stride = h * w;
  const int an_stride = (class_num + 5) * stride;

  T label_pos = 1.0;
  T label_neg = 0.0;
  if (use_label_smooth) {
    T smooth_weight = std::min(1.0 / static_cast<T>(class_num), 1.0 / 40);
    label_pos = 1.0 - smooth_weight;
    label_neg = smooth_weight;
  }

  const T* input_data = input->data<T>();
  const T* gt_box_data = gt_box.data<T>();
  const int* gt_label_data = gt_label.data<int>();
  loss->Resize({n});
  T* loss_data = dev_ctx.template Alloc<T>(loss);
  memset(loss_data, 0, loss->numel() * sizeof(T));
  objness_mask->Resize({n, mask_num, h, w});
  T* obj_mask_data = dev_ctx.template Alloc<T>(objness_mask);
  memset(obj_mask_data, 0, objness_mask->numel() * sizeof(T));
  gt_match_mask->Resize({n, b});
  int* gt_match_mask_data = dev_ctx.template Alloc<int>(gt_match_mask);

  const T* gt_score_data;
  DenseTensor gtscore;
  if (!(gt_score.is_initialized())) {
    gtscore.Resize({n, b});
    dev_ctx.template Alloc<T>(&gtscore);
    phi::funcs::SetConstant<Context, T>()(
        dev_ctx, &gtscore, static_cast<T>(1.0));
    gt_score_data = gtscore.data<T>();
  } else {
    gt_score_data = gt_score.get_ptr()->data<T>();
  }

  // calc valid gt box mask, avoid calc duplicately in following code
  DenseTensor gt_valid_mask;
  gt_valid_mask.Resize({n, b});
  bool* gt_valid_mask_data = dev_ctx.template Alloc<bool>(&gt_valid_mask);
  GtValid<T>(gt_valid_mask_data, gt_box_data, n, b);

  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < mask_num; j++) {
      for (int k = 0; k < h; k++) {
        for (int l = 0; l < w; l++) {
          // each predict box find a best match gt box, if overlap is bigger
          // then ignore_thresh, ignore the objectness loss.
          int box_idx =
              GetEntryIndex(i, j, k * w + l, mask_num, an_stride, stride, 0);
          Box<T> pred = GetYoloBox(input_data,
                                   anchors,
                                   l,
                                   k,
                                   anchor_mask[j],
                                   h,
                                   input_size,
                                   box_idx,
                                   stride,
                                   scale,
                                   bias);
          T best_iou = 0;
          for (int t = 0; t < b; t++) {
            if (!gt_valid_mask_data[i * b + t]) {
              continue;
            }
            Box<T> gt = GetGtBox(gt_box_data, i, b, t);
            T iou = CalcBoxIoU(pred, gt);
            if (iou > best_iou) {
              best_iou = iou;
            }
          }

          // If best IoU is bigger then ignore_thresh,
          // ignore the objectness loss.
          if (best_iou > ignore_thresh) {
            int obj_idx = (i * mask_num + j) * stride + k * w + l;
            obj_mask_data[obj_idx] = static_cast<T>(-1);
          }
          // all losses should be calculated if best IoU
          // is bigger then truth thresh, but currently,
          // truth thresh is an unreachable value as 1.0.
        }
      }
    }
    for (int t = 0; t < b; t++) {
      if (!gt_valid_mask_data[i * b + t]) {
        gt_match_mask_data[i * b + t] = -1;
        continue;
      }
      Box<T> gt = GetGtBox(gt_box_data, i, b, t);
      int gi = static_cast<int>(gt.x * w);
      int gj = static_cast<int>(gt.y * h);
      Box<T> gt_shift = gt;
      gt_shift.x = 0.0;
      gt_shift.y = 0.0;
      T best_iou = 0.0;
      int best_n = 0;
      // each gt box find a best match anchor box as positive sample,
      // for positive sample, all losses should be calculated, and for
      // other samples, only objectness loss is required.
      for (int an_idx = 0; an_idx < an_num; an_idx++) {
        Box<T> an_box;
        an_box.x = 0.0;
        an_box.y = 0.0;
        an_box.w = anchors[2 * an_idx] / static_cast<T>(input_size);
        an_box.h = anchors[2 * an_idx + 1] / static_cast<T>(input_size);
        float iou = CalcBoxIoU<T>(an_box, gt_shift);
        if (iou > best_iou) {
          best_iou = iou;
          best_n = an_idx;
        }
      }

      int mask_idx = GetMaskIndex(anchor_mask, best_n);
      gt_match_mask_data[i * b + t] = mask_idx;
      if (mask_idx >= 0) {
        T score = gt_score_data[i * b + t];
        int box_idx = GetEntryIndex(
            i, mask_idx, gj * w + gi, mask_num, an_stride, stride, 0);
        CalcBoxLocationLoss<T>(loss_data + i,
                               input_data,
                               gt,
                               anchors,
                               best_n,
                               box_idx,
                               gi,
                               gj,
                               h,
                               input_size,
                               stride,
                               score);

        int obj_idx = (i * mask_num + mask_idx) * stride + gj * w + gi;
        obj_mask_data[obj_idx] = score;

        int label = gt_label_data[i * b + t];
        int label_idx = GetEntryIndex(
            i, mask_idx, gj * w + gi, mask_num, an_stride, stride, 5);
        CalcLabelLoss<T>(loss_data + i,
                         input_data,
                         label_idx,
                         label,
                         class_num,
                         stride,
                         label_pos,
                         label_neg,
                         score);
      }
    }
  }

  CalcObjnessLoss<T>(loss_data,
                     input_data + 4 * stride,
                     obj_mask_data,
                     n,
                     mask_num,
                     h,
                     w,
                     stride,
                     an_stride);
}

}  // namespace phi

PD_REGISTER_KERNEL(
    yolo_loss, CPU, ALL_LAYOUT, phi::YoloLossKernel, float, double) {
  kernel->OutputAt(2).SetDataType(phi::DataType::INT32);
}
