.. _cn_api_fluid_optimizer_MomentumOptimizer: MomentumOptimizer ------------------------------- .. py:class:: paddle.fluid.optimizer.MomentumOptimizer(learning_rate, momentum, parameter_list=None, use_nesterov=False, regularization=None, name=None) 该接口实现含有速度状态的Simple Momentum 优化器 该优化器含有牛顿动量标志，公式更新如下： .. math:: & velocity = mu * velocity + gradient\\ & if (use\_nesterov):\\ &\quad param = param - (gradient + mu * velocity) * learning\_rate\\ & else:\\&\quad param = param - learning\_rate * velocity 参数： - **learning_rate** (float|Variable) - 学习率，用于参数更新。作为数据参数，可以是浮点型值或含有一个浮点型值的变量。 - **momentum** (float) - 动量因子。 - **parameter_list** (list, 可选) - 指定优化器需要优化的参数。在动态图模式下必须提供该参数；在静态图模式下默认值为None，这时所有的参数都将被优化。 - **use_nesterov** (bool，可选) - 赋能牛顿动量，默认值False。 - **regularization** - 正则化函数，，例如 :code:`fluid.regularizer.L2DecayRegularizer`，默认值None。 - **name** (str, 可选) - 可选的名称前缀，一般无需设置，默认值为None。 **代码示例**： .. code-block:: python import paddle import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np place = fluid.CPUPlace() main = fluid.Program() with fluid.program_guard(main): x = fluid.layers.data(name='x', shape=[13], dtype='float32') y = fluid.layers.data(name='y', shape=[1], dtype='float32') y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, act=None) cost = fluid.layers.square_error_cost(input=y_predict, label=y) avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(cost) moment_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.MomentumOptimizer(learning_rate=0.001, momentum=0.9) moment_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost) fetch_list = [avg_cost] train_reader = paddle.batch( paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), batch_size=1) feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[x, y]) exe = fluid.Executor(place) exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program()) for data in train_reader(): exe.run(main, feed=feeder.feed(data), fetch_list=fetch_list) .. py:method:: minimize(loss, startup_program=None, parameter_list=None, no_grad_set=None, grad_clip=None) 为网络添加反向计算过程，并根据反向计算所得的梯度，更新parameter_list中的Parameters，最小化网络损失值loss。 参数： - **loss** (Variable) – 需要最小化的损失值变量 - **startup_program** (Program, 可选) – 用于初始化parameter_list中参数的 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_Program` , 默认值为None，此时将使用 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_default_startup_program` - **parameter_list** (list, 可选) – 待更新的Parameter或者Parameter.name组成的列表， 默认值为None，此时将更新所有的Parameter - **no_grad_set** (set, 可选) – 不需要更新的Parameter或者Parameter.name组成的集合，默认值为None - **grad_clip** (GradClipBase, 可选) – 梯度裁剪的策略，静态图模式不需要使用本参数，当前本参数只支持在dygraph模式下的梯度裁剪，未来本参数可能会调整，默认值为None 返回： (optimize_ops, params_grads)，数据类型为(list, list)，其中optimize_ops是minimize接口为网络添加的OP列表，params_grads是一个由(param, grad)变量对组成的列表，param是Parameter，grad是该Parameter对应的梯度值 返回类型： tuple **代码示例**： .. code-block:: python import paddle import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np place = fluid.CPUPlace() main = fluid.Program() with fluid.program_guard(main): x = fluid.layers.data(name='x', shape=[13], dtype='float32') y = fluid.layers.data(name='y', shape=[1], dtype='float32') y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, act=None) cost = fluid.layers.square_error_cost(input=y_predict, label=y) avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(cost) moment_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.MomentumOptimizer(learning_rate=0.001, momentum=0.9) moment_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost) fetch_list = [avg_cost] train_reader = paddle.batch( paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), batch_size=1) feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[x, y]) exe = fluid.Executor(place) exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program()) for data in train_reader(): exe.run(main, feed=feeder.feed(data), fetch_list=fetch_list) .. py:method:: clear_gradients() **注意：** **1. 该API只在** `Dygraph <../../user_guides/howto/dygraph/DyGraph.html>`_ **模式下生效** 清除需要优化的参数的梯度。 **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np with fluid.dygraph.guard(): value = np.arange(26).reshape(2, 13).astype("float32") a = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(value) linear = fluid.Linear(13, 5, dtype="float32") optimizer = fluid.optimizer.MomentumOptimizer(learning_rate=0.001, momentum=0.9, parameter_list=linear.parameters()) out = linear(a) out.backward() optimizer.minimize(out) optimizer.clear_gradients() .. py:method:: current_step_lr() **注意：** **1. 该API只在** `Dygraph <../../user_guides/howto/dygraph/DyGraph.html>`_ **模式下生效** 获取当前步骤的学习率。当不使用LearningRateDecay时，每次调用的返回值都相同，否则返回当前步骤的学习率。 返回：当前步骤的学习率。 返回类型：float **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np # example1: LearningRateDecay is not used, return value is all the same with fluid.dygraph.guard(): emb = fluid.dygraph.Embedding([10, 10]) adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(0.001, parameter_list = emb.parameters()) lr = adam.current_step_lr() print(lr) # 0.001 # example2: PiecewiseDecay is used, return the step learning rate with fluid.dygraph.guard(): inp = np.random.uniform(-0.1, 0.1, [10, 10]).astype("float32") linear = fluid.dygraph.nn.Linear(10, 10) inp = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(inp) out = linear(inp) loss = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(out) bd = [2, 4, 6, 8] value = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0] adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(fluid.dygraph.PiecewiseDecay(bd, value, 0), parameter_list=linear.parameters()) # first step: learning rate is 0.2 np.allclose(adam.current_step_lr(), 0.2, rtol=1e-06, atol=0.0) # True # learning rate for different steps ret = [0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] for i in range(12): adam.minimize(loss) lr = adam.current_step_lr() np.allclose(lr, ret[i], rtol=1e-06, atol=0.0) # True