.. _cn_api_fluid_optimizer_SGDOptimizer: SGDOptimizer ------------------------------- .. py:class:: paddle.fluid.optimizer.SGDOptimizer(learning_rate, parameter_list=None, regularization=None, grad_clip=None, name=None) 该接口实现随机梯度下降算法的优化器 .. math:: \\param\_out=param-learning\_rate*grad\\ 参数: - **learning_rate** (float|Variable) - 用于更新参数的学习率。可以是浮点值,也可以是具有一个浮点值作为数据元素的变量。 - **parameter_list** (list, 可选) - 指定优化器需要优化的参数。在动态图模式下必须提供该参数;在静态图模式下默认值为None,这时所有的参数都将被优化。 - **regularization** (WeightDecayRegularizer,可选) - 正则化方法。支持两种正则化策略: :ref:`cn_api_fluid_regularizer_L1Decay` 、 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_regularizer_L2Decay` 。如果一个参数已经在 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_ParamAttr` 中设置了正则化,这里的正则化设置将被忽略; 如果没有在 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_ParamAttr` 中设置正则化,这里的设置才会生效。默认值为None,表示没有正则化。 - **grad_clip** (GradientClipBase, 可选) – 梯度裁剪的策略,支持三种裁剪策略: :ref:`cn_api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByGlobalNorm` 、 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByNorm` 、 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByValue` 。 默认值为None,此时将不进行梯度裁剪。 - **name** (str, 可选) - 可选的名称前缀,一般无需设置,默认值为None。 **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np place = fluid.CPUPlace() main = fluid.Program() with fluid.program_guard(main): x = fluid.layers.data(name='x', shape=[13], dtype='float32') y = fluid.layers.data(name='y', shape=[1], dtype='float32') y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, act=None) cost = fluid.layers.square_error_cost(input=y_predict, label=y) avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(cost) sgd_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.001) sgd_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost) fetch_list = [avg_cost] train_reader = paddle.batch( paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), batch_size=1) feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[x, y]) exe = fluid.Executor(place) exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program()) for data in train_reader(): exe.run(main, feed=feeder.feed(data), fetch_list=fetch_list) .. py:method:: minimize(loss, startup_program=None, parameter_list=None, no_grad_set=None) 为网络添加反向计算过程,并根据反向计算所得的梯度,更新parameter_list中的Parameters,最小化网络损失值loss。 参数: - **loss** (Variable) – 需要最小化的损失值变量 - **startup_program** (Program, 可选) – 用于初始化parameter_list中参数的 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_Program` , 默认值为None,此时将使用 :ref:`cn_api_fluid_default_startup_program` - **parameter_list** (list, 可选) – 待更新的Parameter或者Parameter.name组成的列表, 默认值为None,此时将更新所有的Parameter - **no_grad_set** (set, 可选) – 不需要更新的Parameter或者Parameter.name组成的集合,默认值为None 返回: tuple(optimize_ops, params_grads),其中optimize_ops为参数优化OP列表;param_grads为由(param, param_grad)组成的列表,其中param和param_grad分别为参数和参数的梯度。该返回值可以加入到 ``Executor.run()`` 接口的 ``fetch_list`` 参数中,若加入,则会重写 ``use_prune`` 参数为True,并根据 ``feed`` 和 ``fetch_list`` 进行剪枝,详见 ``Executor`` 的文档。 返回类型: tuple **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np place = fluid.CPUPlace() main = fluid.Program() with fluid.program_guard(main): x = fluid.layers.data(name='x', shape=[13], dtype='float32') y = fluid.layers.data(name='y', shape=[1], dtype='float32') y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, act=None) cost = fluid.layers.square_error_cost(input=y_predict, label=y) avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(cost) sgd_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.001) sgd_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost) fetch_list = [avg_cost] train_reader = paddle.batch( paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), batch_size=1) feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[x, y]) exe = fluid.Executor(place) exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program()) for data in train_reader(): exe.run(main, feed=feeder.feed(data), fetch_list=fetch_list) .. py:method:: clear_gradients() **注意:** **1. 该API只在** `Dygraph <../../user_guides/howto/dygraph/DyGraph.html>`_ **模式下生效** 清除需要优化的参数的梯度。 **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np with fluid.dygraph.guard(): value = np.arange(26).reshape(2, 13).astype("float32") a = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(value) linear = fluid.Linear(13, 5, dtype="float32") optimizer = fluid.optimizer.SGDOptimizer(learning_rate=0.01, parameter_list=linear.parameters()) out = linear(a) out.backward() optimizer.minimize(out) optimizer.clear_gradients() .. py:method:: set_lr() **注意:** **1. 该API只在** `Dygraph <../../user_guides/howto/dygraph/DyGraph.html>`_ **模式下生效** 手动设置当前 ``optimizer`` 的学习率。当使用LearningRateDecay时,无法使用该API手动设置学习率,因为这将导致冲突。 参数: value (float|Variable) - 需要设置的学习率的值。 返回:无 **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle.fluid as fluid with fluid.dygraph.guard(): linear = fluid.dygraph.nn.Linear(10, 10) adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(0.1, parameter_list=linear.parameters()) # 通过Python float数值手动设置学习率 lr_list = [0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6] for i in range(5): adam.set_lr(lr_list[i]) print("current lr is {}".format(adam.current_step_lr())) # 打印结果: # current lr is 0.2 # current lr is 0.3 # current lr is 0.4 # current lr is 0.5 # current lr is 0.6 # 通过 框架的Variable 设置学习率 lr_var = fluid.layers.create_global_var(shape=[1], value=0.7, dtype='float32') adam.set_lr(lr_var) print("current lr is {}".format(adam.current_step_lr())) # 打印结果: # current lr is 0.7 .. py:method:: current_step_lr() **注意:** **1. 该API只在** `Dygraph <../../user_guides/howto/dygraph/DyGraph.html>`_ **模式下生效** 获取当前步骤的学习率。当不使用LearningRateDecay时,每次调用的返回值都相同,否则返回当前步骤的学习率。 返回:当前步骤的学习率。 返回类型:float **代码示例** .. code-block:: python import paddle.fluid as fluid import numpy as np # example1: LearningRateDecay is not used, return value is all the same with fluid.dygraph.guard(): emb = fluid.dygraph.Embedding([10, 10]) adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(0.001, parameter_list = emb.parameters()) lr = adam.current_step_lr() print(lr) # 0.001 # example2: PiecewiseDecay is used, return the step learning rate with fluid.dygraph.guard(): inp = np.random.uniform(-0.1, 0.1, [10, 10]).astype("float32") linear = fluid.dygraph.nn.Linear(10, 10) inp = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(inp) out = linear(inp) loss = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(out) bd = [2, 4, 6, 8] value = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0] adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(fluid.dygraph.PiecewiseDecay(bd, value, 0), parameter_list=linear.parameters()) # first step: learning rate is 0.2 np.allclose(adam.current_step_lr(), 0.2, rtol=1e-06, atol=0.0) # True # learning rate for different steps ret = [0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0] for i in range(12): adam.minimize(loss) lr = adam.current_step_lr() np.allclose(lr, ret[i], rtol=1e-06, atol=0.0) # True