# 音频采集开发指导
## 简介
AudioCapturer提供了用于获取原始音频文件的方法。开发者可以通过本指导了解应用如何通过AudioCapturer接口的调用实现音频数据的采集。
- **状态检查**：在进行应用开发的过程中，建议开发者通过on('stateChange')方法订阅AudioCapturer的状态变更。因为针对AudioCapturer的某些操作，仅在音频采集器在固定状态时才能执行。如果应用在音频采集器处于错误状态时执行操作，系统可能会抛出异常或生成其他未定义的行为。
## 运作机制
该模块提供了音频采集模块的状态变化示意图。
**图1** 音频采集状态变化示意图
**PREPARED状态：** 通过调用create()方法进入到该状态。
**RUNNING状态：** 正在进行音频数据播放，可以在prepared状态通过调用start()方法进入此状态，也可以在stopped状态通过调用start()方法进入此状态。
**STOPPED状态：** 在running状态可以通过stop()方法停止音频数据的播放。
**RELEASED状态：** 在prepared和stop状态，用户均可通过release()方法释放掉所有占用的硬件和软件资源，并且不会再进入到其他的任何一种状态了。
## 约束与限制
开发者在进行音频数据采集功能开发前，需要先对所开发的应用配置麦克风权限（ohos.permission.MICROPHONE），配置方式请参见[访问控制授权申请](../security/accesstoken-guidelines.md#配置文件权限声明)。
## 开发指导
详细API含义可参考：[音频管理API文档AudioCapturer](../reference/apis/js-apis-audio.md#audiocapturer8)
1. 使用createAudioCapturer()创建一个全局的AudioCapturer实例。
在audioCapturerOptions中设置音频采集器的相关参数。该实例可用于音频采集、控制和获取采集状态，以及注册通知回调。
```js
import audio from '@ohos.multimedia.audio';
import fs from '@ohos.file.fs'; //便于步骤3 read函数调用
//音频渲染相关接口自测试
@Entry
@Component
struct AudioRenderer {
@State message: string = 'Hello World'
private audioCapturer : audio.AudioCapturer; //供全局调用
async initAudioCapturer(){
let audioStreamInfo = {
samplingRate: audio.AudioSamplingRate.SAMPLE_RATE_44100,
channels: audio.AudioChannel.CHANNEL_1,
sampleFormat: audio.AudioSampleFormat.SAMPLE_FORMAT_S16LE,
encodingType: audio.AudioEncodingType.ENCODING_TYPE_RAW
}
let audioCapturerInfo = {
source: audio.SourceType.SOURCE_TYPE_MIC,
capturerFlags: 0 // 0是音频采集器的扩展标志位，默认为0
}
let audioCapturerOptions = {
streamInfo: audioStreamInfo,
capturerInfo: audioCapturerInfo
}
this.audioCapturer = await audio.createAudioCapturer(audioCapturerOptions);
console.log('AudioRecLog: Create audio capturer success.');
}
```
2. 调用start()方法来启动/恢复采集任务。
启动完成后，采集器状态将变更为STATE_RUNNING，然后应用可以开始读取缓冲区。
```js
async startCapturer() {
let state = this.audioCapturer.state;
// Capturer start时的状态应该是STATE_PREPARED、STATE_PAUSED和STATE_STOPPED之一.
if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_PREPARED || state == audio.AudioState.STATE_PAUSED ||
state == audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED) {
await this.audioCapturer.start();
state = this.audioCapturer.state;
if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer started');
} else {
console.error('AudioRecLog: Capturer start failed');
}
}
}
```
3. 读取采集器的音频数据并将其转换为字节流。重复调用read()方法读取数据，直到应用准备停止采集。
参考以下示例，将采集到的数据写入文件。
```js
async readData(){
let state = this.audioCapturer.state;
// 只有状态为STATE_RUNNING的时候才可以read.
if (state != audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING) {
console.info('Capturer is not in a correct state to read');
return;
}
const path = '/data/data/.pulse_dir/capture_js.wav'; // 采集到的音频文件存储路径
let file = fs.openSync(path, 0o2);
let fd = file.fd;
if (file !== null) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: file created');
} else {
console.info('AudioRecLog: file create : FAILED');
return;
}
if (fd !== null) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: file fd opened in append mode');
}
let numBuffersToCapture = 150; // 循环写入150次
let count = 0;
while (numBuffersToCapture) {
this.bufferSize = await this.audioCapturer.getBufferSize();
let buffer = await this.audioCapturer.read(this.bufferSize, true);
let options = {
offset: count * this.bufferSize,
length: this.bufferSize
}
if (typeof(buffer) == undefined) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: read buffer failed');
} else {
let number = fs.writeSync(fd, buffer, options);
console.info(`AudioRecLog: data written: ${number}`);
}
numBuffersToCapture--;
count++;
}
}
```
4. 采集完成后，调用stop方法，停止录制。
```js
async StopCapturer() {
let state = this.audioCapturer.state;
// 只有采集器状态为STATE_RUNNING或STATE_PAUSED的时候才可以停止
if (state != audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING && state != audio.AudioState.STATE_PAUSED) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer is not running or paused');
return;
}
await this.audioCapturer.stop();
state = this.audioCapturer.state;
if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer stopped');
} else {
console.error('AudioRecLog: Capturer stop failed');
}
}
```
5. 任务结束，调用release()方法释放相关资源。
```js
async releaseCapturer() {
let state = this.audioCapturer.state;
// 采集器状态不是STATE_RELEASED或STATE_NEW状态，才能release
if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED || state == audio.AudioState.STATE_NEW) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer already released');
return;
}
await this.audioCapturer.release();
state = this.audioCapturer.state;
if (state == audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED) {
console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer released');
} else {
console.info('AudioRecLog: Capturer release failed');
}
}
```
6. （可选）获取采集器相关信息
通过以下代码，可以获取采集器的相关信息。
```js
async getAudioCapturerInfo(){
// 获取当前采集器状态
let state = this.audioCapturer.state;
// 获取采集器信息
let audioCapturerInfo : audio.AudioCapturerInfo = await this.audioCapturer.getCapturerInfo();
// 获取音频流信息
let audioStreamInfo : audio.AudioStreamInfo = await this.audioCapturer.getStreamInfo();
// 获取音频流ID
let audioStreamId : number = await this.audioCapturer.getAudioStreamId();
// 获取纳秒形式的Unix时间戳
let audioTime : number = await this.audioCapturer.getAudioTime();
// 获取合理的最小缓冲区大小
let bufferSize : number = await this.audioCapturer.getBufferSize();
}
```
7. （可选）使用on('markReach')方法订阅采集器标记到达事件，使用off('markReach')取消订阅事件。
注册markReach监听后，当采集器采集的帧数到达设定值时，会触发回调并返回设定的值。
```js
async markReach(){
this.audioCapturer.on('markReach', 10, (reachNumber) => {
console.info('Mark reach event Received');
console.info(`The Capturer reached frame: ${reachNumber}`);
});
this.audioCapturer.off('markReach'); // 取消markReach事件的订阅，后续将无法监听到“标记到达”事件
}
```
8. （可选）使用on('periodReach')方法订阅采集器区间标记到达事件，使用off('periodReach')取消订阅事件。
注册periodReach监听后，**每当**采集器采集的帧数到达设定值时，会触发回调并返回设定的值。
```js
async periodReach(){
this.audioCapturer.on('periodReach', 10, (reachNumber) => {
console.info('Period reach event Received');
console.info(`In this period, the Capturer reached frame: ${reachNumber}`);
});
this.audioCapturer.off('periodReach'); // 取消periodReach事件的订阅，后续将无法监听到“区间标记到达”事件
}
```
9. 如果应用需要在采集器状态更新时进行一些操作，可以订阅该事件，当采集器状态更新时，会受到一个包含有事件类型的回调。
```js
async stateChange(){
this.audioCapturer.on('stateChange', (state) => {
console.info(`AudioCapturerLog: Changed State to : ${state}`)
switch (state) {
case audio.AudioState.STATE_PREPARED:
console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------PREPARED--------------');
console.info('Audio State is : Prepared');
break;
case audio.AudioState.STATE_RUNNING:
console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------RUNNING--------------');
console.info('Audio State is : Running');
break;
case audio.AudioState.STATE_STOPPED:
console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------STOPPED--------------');
console.info('Audio State is : stopped');
break;
case audio.AudioState.STATE_RELEASED:
console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------RELEASED--------------');
console.info('Audio State is : released');
break;
default:
console.info('--------CHANGE IN AUDIO STATE----------INVALID--------------');
console.info('Audio State is : invalid');
break;
}
});
}
```