# HAP编译构建指导 ## 概述 ### 基本概念 | 术语 | 含义 | | -------------- | ---------------------- | | HAP | OpenHarmony Ability Package,一个HAP文件包含应用的所有内容,由代码、资源、三方库及应用配置文件组成,其文件后缀名为.hap。 | | Ability | 应用的重要组成部分,是应用所具备能力的抽象。Ability是系统调度应用的最小单元,是能够完成一个独立功能的组件,一个应用可以包含一个或多个Ability。 | | FA | Feature Ability,是FA模型的Ability框架下具有UI界面的Ability类型,用于与用户进行交互。Feature Ability唯一对应一种模板,即Page模板(Page Ability)。 | | PA | Particle Ability,是在FA模型的Ability框架下无界面的Ability,主要为Feature Ability提供服务与支持,例如作为后台服务提供计算能力,或作为数据仓库提供数据访问能力。Particle Ability有三种模板,分别为Service模板(Service Ability)、Data模板(Data Ability)、以及Form模板(Form Ability)。 | | FA模型 | 两种Ability框架模型结构的其中一种。是Ability框架在API 8及更早版本采用FA模型。FA模型将Ability分为FA(Feature Ability)和PA(Particle Ability)两种类型,其中FA支持Page Ability模板,PA支持Service ability、Data ability、以及Form ability模板。详情可参考[FA模型综述](../../application-dev/ability-deprecated/fa-brief.md)。 | | Stage模型 | 两种Ability框架模型结构的其中一种。从API 9开始支持。Stage模型将Ability分为Ability和ExtensionAbility两大类,其中ExtensionAbility又被扩展为ServiceExtensionAbility、FormExtensionAbility、DataShareExtensionAbility等等一系列ExtensionAbility。 | ### 功能简介 提供HAP编译构建功能,支持FA模型、Stage模型。 ## 开发指导 ### 编译子系统提供的模板 #### ohos_hap 声明一个HAP目标,该目标会生成一个HAP,最终将会打包到system镜像中。 | 支持的变量 | 说明 | | --------- | ---- | | hap_profile | HAP的config.json,Stage模型对应module.json。 | | raw_assets | 原始assets,这些assets会直接拷贝到HAP的assets目录下。 | | resources | 资源文件,编译后放置在assets/entry/resources目录下 | | js_assets | js资源,编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下。| | ets_assets | ets资源,编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下 | | deps | 当前目标的依赖 | | shared_libraries | 当前目标依赖的native库 | | hap_name | HAP的名字,可选,默认为目标名 | | final_hap_path | 用户可以制定生成的HAP的位置,可选,final_hap_path中会覆盖hap_name。| | subsystem_name | HAP从属的子系统名,需要和ohos.build中的名字对应,否则将导致无法安装到system镜像中。| | part_name | HAP从属的部件名,同subsystem_name。| | js2abc | 是否需要将该HAP的js代码转换为ARK的字节码。| | ets2abc | 是否需要将该HAP的ets代码转换为ARK的字节码。| | certificate_profile | HAP对应的授权文件,用于签名。| | certificate_file | 证书文件,证书文件和授权文件,应用开发者需要去OpenHarmony官网申请。| | keystore_path | keystore文件,用于签名。| | keystore_password | keystore的密码,用于签名。| | key_alias | key的别名。| | module_install_name | 安装时的HAP名称。| | module_install_dir | 安装到system中的位置,默认安装在system/app目录下。| | js_build_mode | 可选,用于配置HAP是“release”还是“debug”模型编译,默认“release”。| #### ohos_app_scope 声明一个HAP的AppScope模块,该目标的app_profile和sources会在编译时拼接到具体的entry内编译,该模板只在Stage模型下使用。 | 支持的变量 | 说明 | | --------- | ---- | | app_profile | HAP的AppScope中的app.json,只在Stage模型下使用。| | sources | HAP的AppScope中的资源resources,只在Stage模型下使用。| #### ohos_js_assets js或ets代码,编译后放置在assets/js/default目录下,stage模型根据代码分别放置到js或ets目录。 | 支持的变量 | 说明 | | --------- | ---- | | hap_profile | HAP的config.json,Stage模型对应module.json。| | source_dir | js或ets代码路径,兼容FA模型的单ability配置到ability目录。| | ets2abc | 当前为ets代码,主要用于卡片配置,其他应用可不配,使用ohos_hap中的配置。| | js2abc | 当前为js代码,主要用于卡片配置,其他应用可不配,使用ohos_hap中的配置。| #### ohos_assets 原始assets,这些assets会直接拷贝到HAP的assets目录下。 | 支持的变量 | 说明 | |---------- | ---- | | sources | 原始assets的路径。| #### ohos_resources 资源文件,FA模型编译后放置在assets/entry/resources目录下,Stage模型编译后放置在resources目录下。 | 支持的变量 | 说明 | | --------- | ---- | | hap_profile | HAP的config.json,Stage模型对应module.json。| | sources | 资源文件路径。| | deps | 当前目标的依赖。Stage模型需要配置对ohos_app_scope目标的依赖。| ### 操作步骤 1. 将开发完成的应用example放到applications/standard/目录下。 2. 配置gn脚本applications/standard/example/BUILD.gn,FA模型简单示例如下(更多BUILD.gn配置见[gn脚本配置示例](#gn脚本配置示例)): ``` import("//build/ohos.gni") # 引用ohos.gni ohos_hap("example") { hap_profile = "./src/main/config.json" # config.json js_assets = ["./src/main/js/default"] raw_assets = ["./raw_assets"] resources = ["./src/main/resources"] shared_libraries = [ "//third_party/libpng:libpng", # native库 ] certificate_profile = "../signature/systemui.p7b" # Cer文件 hap_name = "SystemUI-NavigationBar" # 名字 part_name = "prebuilt_hap" subsystem_name = "applications" } ``` 3. 修改applications/standard/hap/ohos.build,示例如下: ``` { "subsystem": "applications", "parts": { "prebuilt_hap": { "module_list": [ ... "//applications/standard/example:example" # 添加编译目标 ] } } } ``` 4. 编译命令: ``` # 全量编译 ./build.sh --product-name {product_name} # 单独编译HAP ./build.sh --product-name {product_name} --build-target applications/standard/example:example ``` 5. 编译产物,FA模型简单例子HAP解压视图如下: ``` Length Date Time Name --------- ---------- ----- ---- 1439 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/raw_assets -----> raw_assets 354 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources.index ------> resources 1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/attributes.key ------> resources 1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/constants.key ------> resources 1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/contents.key ------> resources 6790 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/icon.png ------> resources 1 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/entry/resources/base/media/nodes.key ------> resources 11170 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/app.js ------> js_assets 48 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/i18n/en-US.json ------> js_assets 50 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/i18n/zh-CN.json ------> js_assets 224 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/manifest.json ------> js_assets 41481 2009-01-01 00:00 assets/js/default/pages/index/index.js ------> js_assets 909 2009-01-01 00:00 config.json ------> hap_profile 266248 2009-01-01 00:00 libs/libpng.z.so ------> shared_libraries ``` ### gn脚本配置示例 - FA模型多ability示例 ``` import("//build/ohos.gni") ohos_hap("dataability") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" deps = [ ":dataability_js_assets", ":dataability_resources", ] certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b" hap_name = "dataability" part_name = "prebuilt_hap" subsystem_name = "applications" } ohos_js_assets("dataability_js_assets") { ets2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets" hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" } ohos_resources("dataability_resources") { sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources", ] hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" } ``` - FA模型Js卡片示例 ``` import("//build/ohos.gni") ohos_hap("FormOfFaJs") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" deps = [ ":FormOfFaJs_js_assets", ":FormOfFaJs_resources", ] certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b" hap_name = "FormOfFaJs" part_name = "prebuilt_hap" subsystem_name = "applications" } ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaJs_js_assets") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" js2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/js" } ohos_resources("FormOfFaJs_resources") { sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources", ] hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" } ``` - FA模型Ets卡片示例 ``` import("//build/ohos.gni") ohos_hap("FormOfFaEts") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" deps = [ ":FormOfFaEts_js_assets", ":FormOfFaEts_form_js_assets", ":FormOfFaEts_resources", ] certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b" hap_name = "FormOfFaEts" part_name = "prebuilt_hap" subsystem_name = "applications" } ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaEts_js_assets") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" ets2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets" } ohos_js_assets("FormOfFaEts_form_js_assets") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" js2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/js" } ohos_resources("FormOfFaEts_resources") { sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources", ] hap_profile = "entry/src/main/config.json" } ``` - Stage模型简单示例 ``` import("//build/ohos.gni") ohos_hap("actmoduletest") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json" deps = [ ":actmoduletest_js_assets", ":actmoduletest_resources", ] certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b" hap_name = "actmoduletest" part_name = "prebuilt_hap" subsystem_name = "applications" } ohos_app_scope("actmoduletest_app_profile") { app_profile = "AppScope/app.json" sources = [ "AppScope/resources" ] } ohos_js_assets("actmoduletest_js_assets") { ets2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets" } ohos_resources("actmoduletest_resources") { sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources", ] deps = [ ":actmoduletest_app_profile", ] hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json" } ``` - Stage模型卡片示例 ``` import("//build/ohos.gni") ohos_hap("FormOfStageEts") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json" deps = [ ":FormOfStageEts_js_assets", ":FormOfStageEts_form_js_assets", ":FormOfStageEts_resources", ] js_build_mode = "debug" # 默认release certificate_profile = "signature/openharmony_sx.p7b" hap_name = "FormOfStageEts" part_name = "prebuilt_hap" subsystem_name = "applications" } ohos_js_assets("FormOfStageEts_js_assets") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json" ets2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/ets" } ohos_js_assets("FormOfStageEts_form_js_assets") { hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json" js2abc = true source_dir = "entry/src/main/js" } ohos_app_scope("FormOfStageEts_app_profile") { app_profile = "AppScope/app.json" sources = [ "AppScope/resources" ] } ohos_resources("FormOfStageEts_resources") { sources = [ "entry/src/main/resources", ] deps = [ ":FormOfStageEts_app_profile", ] hap_profile = "entry/src/main/module.json" } ```